垄断行业高收入问题探讨

应用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,把垄断行业高收入分解为合理和不合理两个部分。实证分析发现,垄断行业与竞争行业之间收入差距的50%以上是不合理的。这主要是行政垄断造成的。由于目前收入统计未能反映垄断行业的高福利,以上测量结果显然低估了垄断行业高收入中的不合理部分。     

消费者对地理标志农产品支付意愿及其影响因素研究——基于消费者行为心理因素的分析框架及实证检验

本文基于消费者行为心理角度,利用可能会影响消费者地理标志农产品"地域"属性支付意愿的心理因素和外部产品线索等构建的分析框架,实证研究了影响我国消费者地理标志农产品"地域"属性的支付意愿及其影响因素。通过因子分析和二元Logit模型进行的回归分析,结果显示:消费者的情感偏好和对地理标志产品的认知状况对"地域"属性支付意愿为正,消费者心理倾向和风险偏好等心理压力因素影响消费者对地理标志农产品"地域"属性的支付,符号为负,统计上均显著。产品外部线索、城乡差别、地理区位等因素对地理标志农产品"地域"属性的支付意愿统计上不显著。     

新经济下竞争性垄断市场的新古典主义探析

新经济是以技术创新为主的经济形态 ,由于其产品的特殊性 ,导致高度垄断与高度竞争结构并存的竞争性垄断市场的出现 ,并在技术要素、生产成本、定价行为和市场效率表现出不同于一般市场结构的特点。从新古典微观方面作出诠释 ,在竞争性垄断市场结构理论上为新经济找到支撑点 ,并为新经济在我国的发展和新经济下竞争性垄断市场结构提供政府规制方面的政策建议     

Don’t ask or tell: Pay secrecy policies in U.S. workplaces

How widespread are workplace rules against discussing wages and salaries in the U.S.? And what are the core correlates of whether or not an employer prohibits or discourages this type of speech? Using a unique dataset that includes a measure of whether workers are prohibited or discouraged from discussing pay, this article investigates the prevalence of pay secrecy policies, and what worker- and workplace-level characteristics are associated with these rules. Key findings reveal that these policies are commonplace, despite being illegal, and that they are concentrated in more “coercive” rather than “enabling” organizations. These more coercive workplaces are disproportionately in the private sector, lack union representation, and have managers that are generally punitive in their approach and unaccommodating of employees. Findings also indicate that the greater discretion pay secrecy provides managers does not result in discriminatory application of these rules to women, racial/ethnic minorities, or immigrants. The article concludes with a call for data collection efforts that would allow researchers to analyze the consequences of this widespread managerial practice.     

农户技术服务需求的优先序及影响因素分析——基于江苏省种植业农户的实证研究

本文利用实证研究的方法,以江苏省的6个县(市)16个镇32个村161户种植经济作物农户的实地调查数据为依据,运用描述性统计、聚类分层和多元Logit模型分析了不同特征和禀赋的农户在选择农技服务时的需求意愿及影响因素.研究结果表明,农户在技术服务的选择上,仍优先考虑产前和产中技术,较少考虑供销信息和加工贮存等产后技术,特别是病虫害防治技术服务成为第一需求,反映了近几年农作物病虫害危害的严重性.影响农户选择技术服务的因素除了农户自身特征和土地禀赋等一般变量外,培训是激活农民技术服务需求的重要因素.     

Scaling the prestige,authority, and income potential of college curricula

This paper develops the concept of “targeted education,” a theoretical ranking of college curricula, into a multidimensional framework. The new scales, based on the traditional stratification dimensions, prestige, authority, and income, are then used in a study of sex differences in the process of occupational achievement among men and women with college degrees. The targeted education scales predict occupational prestige and wages 7 years after the college degree, and they point out interesting differences between male and female attainment processes. In general, targeted education has a greater quantitative impact for men's occupational outcomes than for women's prestige and income, but results also suggest significant qualitative differences between men and women. A large proportion of women target their education toward, and end up in, an under-employed labor pool for the primary and secondary school system.     

基于CVM的河北8市农户对土壤污染防治支付意愿影响因素研究

采用问卷调查和实地访谈法,研究农户对土壤污染防治的支付意愿,分析性别、性别、年龄、受教育程度、家庭年均纯收入和家庭所在地域研究五个因素对支付意愿的影响。研究发现,河北省8市农户的样本中,家庭所在地域对农户支付意愿的影响最大,其次是家庭年纯收入和年龄,再次是受教育程度,影响最小的是性别;并针对农户不愿意支付的主要原因从加强地方经济建设、政府廉政建设和农民思想道德教育三方面给出了对策建议。     

公共产品短缺与中国事业单位改革——兼论政府职能的第二次转变

基于公共产品短缺的事实来研究中国事业单位改革问题,符钢战首先讨论了提供和生产公共产品的主体,然后分析了国有事业单位的体制缺陷并评价国有事业单位的现有改革及存在的问题,最后提出了国有事业单位改革的目标与路径。伏玉林从部门与组织的角度引入民营化分析框架,论证服务提供与生产的民营化是实现改革双重目标的有效途径,认为放松管制、培育竞争性环境与引入市场机制是增强服务提供能力与生产效率的重要手段,改革将有赖于公共服务的民营化来完成。马蔡琛从公共预算的角度,认为改革实质并非在于实现减少财政负担的目标,目前预算财力与制度安排已具备了启动改革的财政基础,可以尝试打造“阳光财政”,实施总额预算控制,锁定改革成本,推行跨部门的公共预算管理,谋划改革的具体思路。杨宇立认为,公共服务类事业单位囿于对“公益”的狭隘理解,长期阻止民间资本参与竞争性供给,使改革沿着从计划垄断向市场垄断的歧路推进,造成相关服务价格刚性攀升的“夹生化”改革后果。     

事业单位改革的路径与“夹生化”后果

基于公共产品短缺的事实来研究中国事业单位改革问题,符钢战首先讨论了提供和生产公共产品的主体,然后分析了国有事业单位的体制缺陷并评价国有事业单位的现有改革及存在的问题,最后提出了国有事业单位改革的目标与路径。伏玉林从部门与组织的角度引入民营化分析框架,论证服务提供与生产的民营化是实现改革双重目标的有效途径,认为放松管制、培育竞争性环境与引入市场机制是增强服务提供能力与生产效率的重要手段,改革将有赖于公共服务的民营化来完成。马蔡琛从公共预算的角度,认为改革实质并非在于实现减少财政负担的目标,目前预算财力与制度安排已具备了启动改革的财政基础,可以尝试打造“阳光财政”,实施总额预算控制,锁定改革成本,推行跨部门的公共预算管理,谋划改革的具体思路。杨宇立认为,公共服务类事业单位囿于对“公益”的狭隘理解,长期阻止民间资本参与竞争性供给,使改革沿着从计划垄断向市场垄断的歧路推进,造成相关服务价格刚性攀升的“夹生化”改革后果。     

事业单位改革:公共服务提供与生产的民营化

基于公共产品短缺的事实来研究中国事业单位改革问题,符钢战首先讨论了提供和生产公共产品的主体,然后分析了国有事业单位的体制缺陷并评价国有事业单位的现有改革及存在的问题,最后提出了国有事业单位改革的目标与路径。伏玉林从部门与组织的角度引入民营化分析框架,论证服务提供与生产的民营化是实现改革双重目标的有效途径,认为放松管制、培育竞争性环境与引入市场机制是增强服务提供能力与生产效率的重要手段,改革将有赖于公共服务的民营化来完成。马蔡琛从公共预算的角度,认为改革实质并非在于实现减少财政负担的目标,目前预算财力与制度安排已具备了启动改革的财政基础,可以尝试打造“阳光财政”,实施总额预算控制,锁定改革成本,推行跨部门的公共预算管理,谋划改革的具体思路。杨宇立认为,公共服务类事业单位囿于对“公益”的狭隘理解,长期阻止民间资本参与竞争性供给,使改革沿着从计划垄断向市场垄断的歧路推进,造成相关服务价格刚性攀升的“夹生化”改革后果。     

入世与中国反垄断立法的几点思考

垄断是市场经济运动中的一种反竞争的行为。“入世”之后的中国市场将逐步成为开放、竞争、平等、透明的市场 ,将会有更多的国内外竞争者在中国市场上进行公平、平等的角逐。为防止垄断行为 ,维护市场秩序 ,制定反垄断法势在必行。在反垄断立法上 ,一要科学界定垄断法的调整范围 ;二要注重同国际竞争规则接轨 ;三要健全反垄断法的执行机构 ;四要建立反垄断法法律责任制度     

Minority group status and the wages of Indian and black males

Using the 1976 Survey of Income and Education the differences in the wages of Indian, black, and white males are examined. The results indicate that the differences in characteristics between Indians and whites largely account for the difference in the average wage of these two groups. On the other hand, minority status, as well as characteristics, are important in understanding the differences in the average wage of blacks and whites. These findings illustrate the importance of understanding the different historical experiences of minority groups to an understanding of current racial inequality.     

基于公共预算视角的事业单位管理改革

基于公共产品短缺的事实来研究中国事业单位改革问题,符钢战首先讨论了提供和生产公共产品的主体,然后分析了国有事业单位的体制缺陷并评价国有事业单位的现有改革及存在的问题,最后提出了国有事业单位改革的目标与路径。伏玉林从部门与组织的角度引入民营化分析框架,论证服务提供与生产的民营化是实现改革双重目标的有效途径,认为放松管制、培育竞争性环境与引入市场机制是增强服务提供能力与生产效率的重要手段,改革将有赖于公共服务的民营化来完成。马蔡琛从公共预算的角度,认为改革实质并非在于实现减少财政负担的目标,目前预算财力与制度安排已具备了启动改革的财政基础,可以尝试打造“阳光财政”,实施总额预算控制,锁定改革成本,推行跨部门的公共预算管理,谋划改革的具体思路。杨宇立认为,公共服务类事业单位囿于对“公益”的狭隘理解,长期阻止民间资本参与竞争性供给,使改革沿着从计划垄断向市场垄断的歧路推进,造成相关服务价格刚性攀升的“夹生化”改革后果。     

加快民营经济发展促进工业结构优化升级

黑龙江工业以初级产品和资源型产业为主,由于加工度低,国民经济可持续发展存在潜在的威胁。加快工业结构优化升级,应以促进民营经济发展带动全省工业改组改造。为此,应鼓励民营企业嫁接改造国有企业,要打破垄断,引导民间资本涉足公共产品项目领域,实施制度创新,拓宽民营企业融资渠道。     

Bringing the Firms into Globalization Research: The Effects of Foreign Investment and Exports on Wages in Mexican Manufacturing Firms

Researchers specializing in organizations and labor markets have paid insufficient attention to the effects that foreign ownership of a firm and its orientation towards export production may have on the wages it pays to its workers. Using information from a nationally-representative sample of manufacturing firms in Mexico, a paradigmatic case of a developing country that is highly integrated into world markets, we find that foreign-owned and export-oriented firms pay considerably more than nationally-owned firms engaged in the production of goods for sale in the domestic market. Second, beyond paying higher wages to their workers, foreign-owned firms also raise the wages paid by domestic firms operating in the same regional labor markets. The wage premium in foreign and export-oriented firms cannot be explained by their size, industry, geographical location, productivity, use of advanced technology, or the sociodemographic composition of their workforce. We find evidence that wages in foreign-owned companies in Mexico are dependent on the country of origin of the capital investment. A greater difference between the industry-specific wages paid in the country of ownership and Mexico is associated with a higher wage premium in Mexican affiliates. Future work should strive to link information from foreign-owned affiliates with their parent companies abroad.     

Gender differences in the impact of job mobility on earnings: The role of occupational segregation

In recent years, researchers have begun to explore the extent to which the impact of switching firms (inter-firm mobility) on wages varies between men and women. Using data from the NLSY79 from 1979 to 2012, this paper extends existing research by exploring how occupational segregation and individual level factors contribute to gender differences in the impact of voluntary inter-firm mobility on wages. The paper also examines how patterns vary depending on education level. Findings suggest that men without a college education receive greater wage gains from voluntary inter-firm mobility than similarly educated women although there is no overall gender difference for individuals with a bachelor's degree. The wage returns to voluntary inter-firm mobility for both men and women increase as a function of the male representation in the occupation. For individuals without a college education, the male premium to voluntary inter-firm mobility is largest in highly male dominated occupations. However, women with a bachelor's degree employed in highly male dominated occupations use voluntary inter-firm mobility to narrow the gender wage gap.     

消费者购买地理标志产品意愿及影响因素探析——以黄山地理标志茶叶为例

文章以黄山地理标志茶叶为例,运用logistic模型对消费者购买黄山地理标志茶叶的意愿及其影响因素进行计量经济分析。研究表明,消费者购买黄山地理标志茶叶受到许多因素的影响,其中,消费者对黄山茶叶地理标志知识的了解程度、对黄山茶叶地理标志标签的信任程度、消费者茶叶的偏好以及购买茶叶的主要用途等因素是影响消费者购买黄山地理标志茶叶的重要因素。     

数据垄断的法律规制

作为数字经济时代重要的市场资源,数据能够为经营者提供竞争优势,潜在竞争者难以承受数据运营递增的成本,这些构成了数据垄断产生的缘由。因数据权属模糊、算法应用隐蔽多样以及数据作用具有多边性,现行的相关市场界定方法与以市场份额作为主要标准的市场竞争力量评价方法已无法有效适用于数据垄断。通过对国内外数据垄断案例进行类型化分析可知,经营者利用数据优势实施垄断行为,主要表现为经营者可利用数据共享机制与算法结合来实施垄断协议的行为,利用数据优势实施歧视性交易、附加不合理交易条件等滥用市场支配地位行为,以及以数据整合为目的实施经营者集中的行为。现行反垄断法对于这些新型垄断行为并未形成有效规制,为了解决上述问题,通过设立以共同共有划定数据权属、禁止以格式条款获取用户数据、数据处理过程公开以及数据爬虫协议应以获得用户个人授权为基础等遏制数据滥用的条款,以反事实推演法认定滥用市场支配地位,增设滥用市场相对支配地位条款,在我国《反垄断法》《国务院反垄断委员会关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》《禁止垄断协议规定》等有关经营者集中申报、审查相关规定中,增设以数据集中度作为经营者集中申报标准与以数据壁垒、限制创新等来判断经营者集中的竞争效果的相关规定,能够有效规制经营者利用数据优势实施垄断行为,维护数据要素市场竞争秩序。     

在声乐教学中训练发声的协调统一

声乐是发声技巧、心理、语言等多种知识相互关联的整体学科,声乐教学中发声各部位技巧的训练需要协调统一相互关照,片面的强调某一部位的技术技巧的训练,而忽略各部位相互间的协调与统一,就会造成发声训练的片面、机械化。从发声各部位的对抗与协调训练研究入手,分析歌唱发声时各器官之间存在着的对抗与协调,以及与歌唱心理之间的关系,列出影响歌唱发声协调统一的因素,强调声乐训练应从局部到整体协调一致循序渐进,逐步培养学生获得协调统一的整体歌唱状态。     

我国反垄断执法机构革新探析

国内外的实践证明,反垄断执法机构在规制经营者竞争行为、维护市场竞争秩序、保护消费者权益等方面均有着重要的地位。我国《反垄断法》于2007年8月30日通过,自2008年8月1日起施行。执法四年多来,我国的反垄断法执法机构存在许多不足之处,其中反垄断法执法机构的统一性、权威性、能力建设（CapacityBuilding）等方面值得我们关注。