A study exploring factors of decision to text while walking among college students based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study attempted to identify critical predictors of intention to both send and read texts while walking based on Theory of Planned Behavior in order to provide resources for practitioners and campaign designers to inform college students of the perils of texting while walking and dissuade them from such a risky behavior. Participants: Three hundred twenty-nine college students were recruited from a large public university in the Southwest in September 2014. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Results: Subjective norm (sending: B = .17, p = .02; reading: B = .17, p = .04), personal norms (sending: B = ?.32, p = .001, reading: B = ?.35, p = .001), and self-efficacy (sending: B = ?.27, p = .001; reading: B = ?.24, p = .001) were significant predictors of intention to both send and read text messages while walking. Conclusions: For students who have greater intention of texting while walking, persuasive communication should utilize normative influence and self-efficacy to discourage texting while walking.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Human Services at Risk: Administrative Strategies for Survival , edited by Felice Davidson Permutter. Boston, MA: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 1984. Reviewed by Mona Struhsaker Schatz

Supervising Student Internships in Human Services , edited by Carlton E. Munson. New York: The Haworth Press, 1984. Reviewed by Harvey Bertcher

Transactional Analysis for Social Workers and Counsellors: An Introduction , by Elizabeth Pitman. London and Boston: Library of Social Work, Routhledge and Kegan Paul, 1984. Reviewed by Edward G. Kuhlmann

Ages in Conflict: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Inequality Between Old and Young , by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984. Reviewed by Bruce A. Thyer

Clinical Social Work in Health Settings , by Thomas Owen Carlton. New York: Springer Publishing Co., 1984. Reviewed by John R. Ball     

Knowledge of Suicide Risk Factors,But Not Suicide Ideation Severity,Is Greater Among College Students Who Viewed 13 Reasons Why

Abstract

Objective: To test associations between viewing 13 Reasons Why, Season 1 and past week suicide ideation severity, behavior risk, stigma, and knowledge in college students. To explore whether personal exposure to suicide and depressive symptom severity moderated these associations. Participants: Eight-hundred and eighteen college students, 64% (n?=?522) of whom watched 13 Reasons Why. Methods: Students completed surveys online. Multivariate negative binomial regressions were used to test associations between watching 13 Reasons Why and suicide-related variables, and interaction terms. Results: Suicide ideation severity and suicide behavior risk were not significantly associated with viewing 13 Reasons Why; however, there was limited statistical power to detect associations. The association between watching 13 Reasons Why and greater suicide knowledge was stronger among those who did not have personal exposure to suicide. Conclusions: 13 Reasons Why may be a platform for psychoeducation on suicide, particularly among those who do not have personal exposure.     

Goal-Directed Supervision of Social Work Students in Field Placement

Abstract

Permanency Planning for Children , by Anthony N. Maluccio, Edith Fein, and Kathleen A. Olmstead. London: Tavistock Publications, 1986. Reviewed by Donald Brieland

Feminist Visions for Social Work , edited by Nancy Van Den Bergh and Lynn B. Cooper. Silver Spring, MD: National Association of Social Workers, 1986. Reviewed by Cleo S. Berkum, DSW

People and Contexts: Social Development from Birth to Old Age , by Henry S. Maas. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1984. Reviewed by Harris Chaiklin

Case Management in Human Service Practice by Marie Weil, James M. Karls, and Associates. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1985. Reviewed by Doman Lum

Law and the Mental Health System: Civil and Criminal Aspects , by Ralph Reisner. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1985. Reviewed by Wynne Sandra Korr

Testing the Social Safety Net , by Martha R. Burt and Karen J. Pittman. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, 1985. Reviewed by Julia M. Watkins     

Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women and Serum Androgens: A Review Article

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to narratively summarize the effects of serum androgens on sexual function of postmenopausal women and the impact of administration of various types of androgens in improving the sexual function of these women. Methods: After searching for articles indexed in various databases, a total of 59 studies were selected. Results: There appears to be a great deal of controversy regarding the relationship between androgens and sexual function and the beneficiary effect of androgens therapy. Conclusions: Androgens may affect sexual function; however, androgen therapy, as an option for improving sexual function in menopause, needs further research.     

Book reviews

Abstract

TO HA VE AND TO HOLD: Marriage, the First Baby and Preparing for Parenthood

CHRISTOPHER F. CLULOW. Aberdeen University Press, 1982. (Reviewed by Jeanne A. Bertrand)

THE STEP FAMILY: A Growing Challenge for Social Work by DIANA BROWN, Social Work Monograph no.4, 1982

RESPONSIBILITY FOR INCEST: A Feminist View by ANNA FAIRTLOUGH, Social Work Monograph no. 16, 1983

THE PERMANENCY PRINCIPLE IN CHILD CARE SOCIAL WORK by CATRIONA MORRIS, Social Work Monograph no. 21, 1984.

SOCIAL WORK AND MENTAL ILLNESS ALAN BUTLER AND COLIN PRITCHARD

SOCIAL WORK WITH THE FAMILIES OF CHILDREN AWAY FROM HOME SYLVIA MASSEY AND MARY PEALEY

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS (6) Working with Children Editor: JOYCE LISHMAN

H. KARNAC (BOOKS) LTD.

56/58 GLOUCESTER ROAD, LONDON. SW7 4QY

Specialists in the literature of psychoanalysis, psychotherapy and related fields.

BOOKS POSTED TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD     

Peep show establishments,police activity,public place,and time: A study of secondary effects in San Diego,California

DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DESIRE AND OTHER NEW CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN SEX THERAPY . (The New Sex Therapy, Volume II.). Helen S. Kaplan. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1979; 257 pages; $17.50.

CHRISTIANITY, SOCIAL TOLERANCE, AND HOMOSEXUALITY: GAY PEOPLE IN WESTERN EUROPE FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA TO THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY . John Boswell. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1980; 424 pages; $27.50.

THE UNMENTIONABLE VICE: HOMOSEXUALITY IN THE LATER MEDIEVAL PERIOD . Michael Goodich. Santa Barbara, CA: Ross‐Erikson, 1979; 164 pages; $6.95.

TABU HOMOSEXUALITÄT: DIE GESCHICHTE EINES VORURTEILS . Gisela Bleibtreu‐Ehrenberg. Frankfurt a. M.: S. Fischer, 1978; 443 pages; DM 29.80.

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HOMOSEXUALITY (in two volumes). Vern L. Bullough, W. Dorr Legg, Barrett W. Elcano, and James Kepner. New York &; London: Garland Publishing, 1976; 405 and 468 pages; $88.

PORNOGRAPHY: THE CONFLICT OVER SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIALS IN THE UNITED STATES . Greg Byerly and Rick Rubin. New York: Garland Publishing, 1980; 188 pages; $20.

SEXUALMEDIZIN IN DER PRAXIS . Wolf Eicher. Stuttgart &; New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1980; 590 pages; DM 178.00.     

Examining the Efficacy of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Brief MBSR) Program on Psychological Health

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine potential psychological health benefits of participating in a brief (5-week) mindfulness-based stress reduction (brief MBSR) program integrated into an academic course. Participants: Participants were 119 undergraduate students (treatment: n = 72; control: n = 47) enrolled in elective academic courses on addictive behaviors, between January 2010 and May 2012. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design comparing changes in psychological health between brief MBSR treatment and parallel control groups. Baseline and follow-up data were collected synchronously across semesters for both groups. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed significant improvements in psychological health, measured by mindfulness (Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale: p ≤ .001; Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Scale: p ≤ .001) and self-compassion (Self-compassion Scale: p ≤ .001), among brief MBSR participants compared with the parallel control cohort. Significant reductions in trait anxiety were not evident. Conclusions: Brief MBSR programs can improve psychological health; however, longer MBSR programs may be needed to improve psychological distress, such as trait anxiety.     

College Student Smokers' Cognitive Appraisal of High-Risk Activities

Abstract

Objective: Students who smoke are more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as binge drinking and unprotected sex (Schnieder and Morris, Environ Behav. 1999; 23:575–591). The goals of the present study were to determine whether smokers assess these behaviors as lower risk than nonsmokers, and if smoking rate influences risk perceptions. Methods: Participants were 303 college students. Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Activities (Fromme et al., Cognit Ther Res. 1997; 21:421–442) and smoking were assessed August–November, 2006. Results: Smokers reported significantly less risk, more benefit, and more involvement in risky behaviors than nonsmokers (p < .01). In hierarchical linear regression, risk perceptions moderated the association between smoking and (a) expected benefit from risky sexual behaviors (β = ?1.121, p < .05); and (b) expected involvement with illicit drugs (β = ?.313, p < .01). Conclusions: College smokers’ assessment of high-risk behaviors influenced their intended involvement. Risk perception change may therefore alter their involvement in high-risk behaviors.     

An examination of ecological predictors of health literacy in black college students

Objective: Health literacy is a determinant of health, but disparities in health literacy persist. This study examined the influence of ecological factors on college students’ health literacy. Participants: During January 2016 a nonrandom sample of black undergraduate students (n = 298) aged 18–24 were recruited from enrollment lists at two urban universities in the Southeastern United States. Methods: Information on health literacy as well as numerous intrapersonal, social, and cultural-environment factors was obtained using an electronic questionnaire and then statistically modeled. Results: Ecological factors accounted for 28.7% of the variance in health literacy. In particular, reappraisal (B = 0.323, p < .001), suppression (B = ?0.289, p < .001), campus health education (B = 0.192, p < .05), campus tobacco culture (B = ?0.174, p < .05), and perceived norms (B = ?0.153, p < .05) directly predicted health literacy. Conclusions: Although intrapersonal factors influence health literacy, the sociocultural environment of college can also foster or hinder college students’ health literacy.     

Factors influencing dietary fat intake among black emerging adults

Objective: To determine what factors influenced dietary fat intake (DFI) among black emerging adults. Participants: Sample included 251 black emerging adults, ages 18–25 years, living in the US. Methods: This was a nonexperimental cross-sectional study based on self-report data. Results: The sample had high DFI. Factors related to DFI were gender (r_pb = ?.22, p < .001), perceived barriers for healthy eating (r = .32, p < .001), and perceived self-efficacy (r = ?.33, p < .001). These variables were also significant predictors for DFI. Gender was significantly related to DFI (b = ?5.894, p = .000). Religious commitment moderated the effect of stress on DFI. Conclusions: Gender, perceived barriers for healthy eating, and perceived self-efficacy were significant predictors for DFI. Religious commitment influenced the relationship of perceived stress and DFI. These findings may lead to interventions designed to reduce DFI and cardiovascular risks among black emerging adults.     

“Consent is sexy”: A poster campaign using sex-positive images and messages to increase dyadic sexual communication

Abstract

Objective: “Consent is Sexy” (CIS) is a poster campaign incorporating sex-positive messages to promote consent and increase sexual communication among college students. We assess reactions to the campaign and associations between campaign recall and communication attitudes and behaviors. Participants: Male and female undergraduates at a Midwestern university were recruited (N?=?284). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. t-Tests, logistic and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: Over half (56%) of participants recalled the campaign and reactions were positive. Students who recalled CIS had more positive attitudes towards sexual communication (p?=?.04) and greater perceived behavioral control (PBC; p?<?.01). Conclusions: Results show many students paid attention and reacted positively to CIS posters and results offer dissemination insights. Consent campaigns should continue to cultivate positive attitudes and PBC in regards to sexual communication.     

Book reviews

Krafft‐ebing: a reconsideration

Step Children of Nature: Krafft‐Ebing, Psychiatry, and the Making of Sexual Identity. By Harry Oosterhuis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000, 321 pages. Cloth, $30.00.

Love american style

Love and Eroticism. Edited by Mike Featherstone. London: 1999, 425 pages. Paper, $24.95.

Doing the right thing: Three new books on the importance of sex

Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. By David C. Geary. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1998, 410 pages. Cloth, $49.95. Why Sex Matters. By Bobbi Low. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999, 328 pages. Cloth, $29.95. Sex Differences: Developmental and Evolutionary Strategies. By Linda Mealey. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000, 492 pages. Cloth, $79.95.

Courageous, compassionate, and scholarly: An evolutionary analysis of rape and male sexual coercion

A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion. By Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000, 251 pages. Cloth, $28.95.

Deconstructing the discourse of sexual dimorphism: rethinking, bending, and crossing sexual boundaries

Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. By Anne Fausto‐Sterling. New York: Basic Books, 2000, 473 pages. Cloth, $35.00.     

On the limits of “wired identity” in the age of global media

Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes, and Cultural Boundaries. David Morley and Kevin Robins. London: Routledge, 1995.257pp.; $55.00 (cloth) $17.95 (paper).

Virtual Geography: Living with Global Media Events. McKenzie Wark. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.253 pp.; $29.95 (cloth) $14.95 (paper).     

At the Crossroads of Three Worlds (1943)* By Frederick/Bedřich Fried,New York

Israel and the USSR—An Exercise in Palm‐Reading. Arthur Jay Klinghoffer, with Judith Apter. Israel and the Soviet Union: Alienation or Reconciliation? Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985. 303pp. Index.

Finding a New World. Victor Ripp, From Moscow to Main Street: Among the Russian Emigrés. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. 247pp.

The Jewish Contribution to Soviet Culture. Jack Miller (ed.). Jews in Soviet Culture. New Brunswick (US) and London (UK): Transaction Books for the Institute of Jewish Affairs, 1984. viii + 331 pp. Tables. Name Index. $24.95; £18.00.

Reassessing a Difficult Relationship. Howard Aster, Peter J. Potichnyj. Jewish‐Ukrainian Relations. Two Solitudes. Oakville, Ontario, Canada: Mosaic Press, 1983. 72pp. No price indicated.

Dissent—No Isolated Phenomenon. Ludmilla Alexeyeva. Soviet Dissent: Contemporary Movements for National, Religious, and Human Rights. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1985. xxii + 552pp. Index. £32.95, $35.00.     

Parental Love and Gender Affirmation Leads a New Transgender Movement

The development of the pill

On the Pill: A Social History of Oral Contraceptives, 1950–1970. By Elizabeth Siegel Watkins. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998, 183 pages. Cloth, $25.95.

Hermaphrodites then and now

Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex. By Alice Domurat Dreger. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998, 266 pages. Cloth, $35.00.

Coming home to our sexual selves

Women's Sexuality Across the Life Span: Challenging Myths, Creating Meanings. By Judith C. Daniluk. New York: The Guilford Press, 1998, 416 pages. Cloth, $36.95.

Behavioral Strategies in the Prevention of HIV Infection, STDs, and Unintended Pregnancy

High‐Risk Sexual Behavior: Interventions With Vulnerable Populations. By Evvie Becker, Elizabeth Rankin, and Annette U. Rickel. New York: Plenum Press, 1998, 168 pages. Cloth, $39.50.

Sexual health expertise and the primary care provider

Sexual Medicine in Primary Care. By William L. Maurice. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1999, 366 pages. Paper, $39.95.     

Female Collegiate Athletes: Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating Behaviors

Objective: The authors assessed the prevalence of pathogenic eating and weight-control behaviors among female college athletes, using a psychometrically valid measure. Participants: Participants were 204 college athletes (M age = 20.16 years, SD = 1.31 years) from 17 sports at 3 universities. On average, they participated in their sport for 10.88 years (SD = 16.68 years) and on their college team for 2.10 years (SD = 1.03 years). Methods: Participants completed a demographic and weight background questionnaire, Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses, and the Bulimia Test-Revised. Results: The authors classified participants as eating disordered (n = 4, 2.0%), symptomatic (n = 52, 25.5%), and asymptomatic (n = 148, 72.5%). Few participants engaged in binge eating; most used exercise, as opposed to vomiting, dieting, laxatives, or diuretics, to control their weight. Conclusions: Female athletes suffer from eating disorders, and most experience symptom levels that are subclinical but problematic.     

The effects of a pedometer-based intervention on first-year university students: A randomized control trial

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To assess the effects of a 12-week pedometer-based intervention on the physical activity behavior, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and psychological well-being of first-year university students. Participants: First-year university students (N = 184) were recruited during September 2012 and randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. Methods: Intervention participants were provided with a pedometer, monthly tracking logs, and follow-up e-mails. Control participants received no intervention. Physical activity, HRQOL, and psychological well-being were measured at baseline and post intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate/univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA/ANOVA). Results: All participants experienced an increase in mild physical activity (p < .01) from baseline to follow-up. The intervention failed to produce significant differences between groups for physical activity (p = .28), HRQOL (p = .80), or psychological well-being (p = .72). Psychological well-being (p < .001), vigorous physical activity (p = .04), and mental health status (p < .001) decreased across the duration of the study. Conclusions: More intensive interventions may be required to elicit physical activity behavior change.     

Book reviews

A classic republished

Sex and Sex Worship. By O.A. Wall. London: Kegan Paul, 2006, 607 pages. Cloth, $255.

Senior sex: Exploring the sex lives of older adults

Sexuality, Sexual Health, and Ageing. By Merryn Gott. New York, NY: Open University Press, 2005,149 pages. Paper, $36.95.

The social construction of erotophobia

The Politics of Lust. By John Ince. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2005, 335 pages. Paper, $16.00.