The Motivation for the Conversation——Rationality

In 1957, Grice suggested the theory of meaning-nn as a theory of communication. Later, he developed Cooperative Principle (CP) as guidelines for the efficient and effective use of language in conversation. Some philosophers and linguists try to develop and modify the Grice's Cooperative Principle or attempt to challenge the validity of this and suggest some other principles. However, very few try to explore the driving force behind conversation. What is the mechanism underlying the use of a sentence to convey extra meaning? After a more detailed examination of Grice's work on philosophy and language, we discover that the importance of rationality is shown throughout his work. Therefore we can conclude that rationality, not the cooperation, is the real motivation, though Grice invents the Cooperative Principle. Cooperation is the realization of rationality applied at the level of discourse.     

The Synthesis of Altruism and Egoism——From the Perspective of the Theory of Evolution

达尔文进化论立足于个体选择理论,这使它难以解释社会性昆虫等的利他行为;为此,达尔文后来提及群体选择思想.群体选择理论直到20世纪60年代才被正式提出,却仍然面临利他行为与适者生存的矛盾.为此,亲缘选择理论和基因选择理论应运而生.这两种理论在一定程度上把个体选择与群体选择结合起来,但又各自面临新的困境.索伯-威尔逊模型区分了"群内选择"和"群间选择",前者以个体选择为主.后者以群体选择为主,并给出利他主义得以进化的条件.本文在索伯一威尔逊模型的基础上,进一步揭示了利他主义对利已主义的随附性关系,亦即群体选择对个体选择的随附性关系;同时指出,这只是适合于人类这种具有独立意志的物种,因而是一种次级关系.而对于包括人类在内的一切物种来说,更为基本的关系是:个体选择随附于群体选择.     

Hu Shi and the Continuation of the Revolution of1911——Discussing Intellectuals and Social Revolution

Hu Shi is regarded as one of the most important intellectuals after the Revolution of 1911,and he has a far- reaching influence in 20th century.In the perspective of Hu Shi,the contribution and continuation of the Revolution of 1911 has some inspiration for us to analyze the relationship between Chinese intellectuals and social revolution.     

Class Formation in the Communist Anti-Rightist Movement——A Study Based on the Archives of Tongbai County

建国初期,一场轰轰烈烈的反右运动在全中国展开.但是迄今为止,关于这场运动中右派是如何划分的仍然存在疑惑.尽管中共中央的有关文件为右派的划分制定标准,但在基层的运动中却不具有可操作性.因此两个问题被提出:一是右派、右倾、严重右倾有何差异?二是如何将其区分定性?本文以基层反右历史档案材料为依据,通过定性与定量分析方法,对上述问题给予分析与讨论.研究发现,在鸣放过程中人们对当时农村政策的批评,时以往政治运动的指责,以及在鸣放过程中使用的语言方式和情绪成为划分右派的标准,而这些标准程度上的差异决定了"右派"右的差异.     

The Mode of Democracy with Chinese Characteristics——Based on the Mistake-tolerant Democracy

在新的历史发展时期,民主被提升到党的生命、社会主义生命和中华人民共和国生命的历史高度。但由于我国民主理论处于发展阶段,对新出现的法制改革比如深圳市、重庆市出台的试错条例尚缺乏解释力。有鉴于此,本文基于西方学者和中国传统儒家的错误观,提出了容错性民主新概念,并在批判西方民主理论的基础上,为深圳市、重庆市试错条例的出台提供理论依据。     

The Review of Consultative Dispute Resolution Mechanism——In the Perspective of Civil Mediation

协商性纠纷解决机制的缘起和发展,具有深刻的历史文化和现实背景,也符合私法自治的法律理论。在我国,经历了主角——淡出——重提——推崇的发展过程,目前运行状况良好,但是也存在不足。其未来走向取决于自身的制度建设、当事人能力的提高,也取决于其与司法的关系,应当在对现行立法和实践模式进行充分反思的基础上做出科学的路径选择。     

Shanghai as a Method——Exploration of the Possibility of a Reflective Shanghai Studies

Shanghaiology undergoes the process from the repeated disputes resulting from the advocate of Shanghaiology to multidisciplines development in the name of Shanghai Studies.However,Shanghaiology and its...     

Thousands of Red and Purple Flowers Are Embracing the Zen Abode——The Tenth Anniversary of the Passing away of Zhao Puchu

十年前去世的原全国政协副主席、中国佛教协会会长赵朴初出生在四代翰林的家庭;二十年代走上佛教道路;对中国革命作出了重要贡献;与毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平、江泽民等领袖人物以及谢冰心、曹禺、赵元任等文化名人有广泛的交往;在文革期间受到冲击;对中国和世界佛教以及和平事业作出了突出贡献;本人佛学思想丰富;有很高的诗词、书法造诣;淡泊名利,善于养生;关心、支持家乡建设;其佛学思想和人生道路对今天的青年人和大学生有多方面的启迪。     

On Complementation and Integration of the Three Kinds of Cultures——Cultural Reflections on the 30 Years of Reform and Opening up

Started from the argument of Culture is the carrier of the reproduction of ideology, the model of reproduction and dissemination of different ideologies. this paper divides the Chinese culture into three kinds from a macro view. These three kinds of culture are national culture, elite culture and popular culture.     

Deep Thinking of the India-EC Preference Case——Is GSP Scheme Beneficial to Developing Countries?

In 2005,India’s challenge to the European C ommunity’s(EC) Generalized System of Preferences(GSP) scheme resulted in a landmark ruling by the W T O ’s Appellate Body.T he Appellate Body had a landmark finding that the Enabling C lause imposes legal obligation on the preference-granting countries,w hich for a long time considered GSP treatment a conditional gift and designed their ow n GSP scheme as they saw fit.How ever,the guidance given by the EC-Preference case is far from clear: the legal uncertainties ...     

Summary of Ideological Dialectics——Althusser' s “Ideology and Ideology of the National Machine” Criticism

Ideology in Althusser shows total time,materiality,subjectivity and other gestures,but this is only one aspect.The other aspect of ideology,namely diachronicness,relations,objectivity,as well as their relationship,does not get due attention.     

A Love Song to the River——On Mark Twain and His NovelThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

通过《哈克贝利.菲恩历险记》这部作品,马克.吐温把美国式的幽默和严肃文学完美地结合起来,达到了前人从未达到的境界。在美国文学史上曾经存在过有关马克.吐温和这部作品的论战,其原因在于对作者及其作品存在不同理解。如果我们认真观察密西西比河,就能发现理解作者及其伟大作品的钥匙。密西西比河养育了马克.吐温,也为故事发生提供了背景。大河无所谓高尚和美好,但她帮助了那些以大河为他们生活中重要成份的人们向好的方面发展,许许多多像吐温和菲思这样的人都因河受益。通过这部小说,作者颂扬大河,针砭时弊,道出了美国人的愿望和爱好。因此,他和他的作品为美国人乃至世界所接纳。