MC下基于多CODP的生产调度体系及其仿真研究

在大规模定制的背景下,传统的基于单客户订单分离点的生产调度存在一些不足,如只能实现某一程度的个性化定制、无法有区别地对待不同客户、目标客户范围有很大的局限性等.提出以多样化为目标,在最小的成本和时间花费的基础上优化生产调度,并根据此理念提出定制产品的优先权、基于多客户订单分离点生产调度体系和基于多客户订单分离点的多级库存策略等;提出产品族和产品平台,敏捷、完善的信息系统是多客户订单分离点生产调度的保证;以EXTEND为工具,对基于多客户订单分离点的大规模定制生产调度进行仿真,结果表明多客户订单分离点下的定制更能满足客户定制的多样化,按照产品的优先权决定生产加工的顺序,节省了定制产品的生产时间,优化了企业的生产调度,实现了动态的大规模定制.     

面向大规模定制的产品平台管理模型

提出了面向大规模定制的产品平台管理模型的体系结构,从功能视图、技术视图和组织视图三个方面对产品平台管理进行描述。在功能视图,产品功能可划分为基本、附加和潜在功能;在技术视图,描述了产品平台的技术管理过程;在组织视图,对涉及产品平台管理的横向团队的职能和协调进行了研究。在此基础上,构建了产品平台本体,论述了产品平台本体的概念和概念关联集。应用产品平台管理模型和本体描述了个人计算机的产品平台实例。     

实施大批量定制的基本思路及其时空集成优化模型

大批量定制生产(MC)要求面向客户的个性化需求,把定制生产和大批量生产这两种看似矛盾的生产方式有机地结合起来.因此,它的本质特征就是以大批量的成本、速度和质量生产满足用户个性化需求的产品.本文首先提出了实施大批量定制的基本思路--减少定制量;然后分别给出了描述这一基本思路的时间和空间范围上优化的数学模型;最后,运用系统思想研究了它的时空集成优化模型.     

医院服务的大规模定制

随着现代社会经济愈来愈发达,消费者的需求愈加趋向于个性化的产品和服务。但是当企业实行定制化生产后,规模化生产的成本优势将一去不返。大规模定制理论正是为大规模生产和定制化生产提供了一种融合的方法,并且在过去十余载的工业生产中得到了非常切实的运用。当前国有大医院普遍存在就诊压力过大、流程繁琐、服务水平低下等亟待解决的问题。然而,医院服务可具备大规模定制流程模块化得特征,因此医院实行大规模定制未必不是一个好办法。那么,大规模定制将如何成功的运用于医院服务?笔者将从服务大规模定制的顾客需求导向特征和过程模块化特征着手,结合现代中国医疗服务的现状对大规模定制运用于医疗服务进行初步的探讨。     

面向大规模定制的产品族数据管理

回顾了国家自然科学基金资助项目“面向大规模定制生产模式的产品族数据管理”(70271043)的研究情况,分析了该项目的研究目标,总结了其研究内容和研究方法,阐明了该项目的研究意义及所取得的成果。     

产品模块化对企业竞争优势的影响机理研究

利用珠三角大中型制造企业的调查数据,分别检验了战略柔性(先动柔性、响应柔性)、环境动态性在产品模块化(模块化设计、模块化生产)与竞争优势(品牌优势、大规模定制优势)间的中介与调节作用。结果表明:产品模块化对竞争优势有显著正向影响;产品模块化通过战略柔性完全中介作用于品牌优势;响应柔性在模块化设计、模块化生产与大规模定制优势的关系中分别起完全和部分中介作用,先动柔性则没有;环境动态性正向调节模块化生产与品牌优势的关系,负向调节模块化设计与竞争优势的关系,而在模块化生产与大规模定制优势关系中的调节作用不显著。     

面向大规模定制的产品族功能性评价与选择方法

针对大规模定制生产模式下产品多样性和低复杂性的矛盾,系统地研究了一种大规模定制产品族的功能性评价与选择方法。分别以功能域的类功能需求(GFR)和物理域的类设计参数(GDP)对大规模定制产品族进行了描述,并基于公理设计理论建立了GFR和GDP之间的映射关系。提出了产品族功能的定制度的概念和计算方法,建立了基于定制度的定制功能的评价和选择方法。     

谈论定制营销是未来主要营销手段及趋势

21世纪,个性化消费成为主流,与之相适应,企业要生存发展,必须实行现代大规模定制营销。企业根据产品生产特点和顾客参与程度,可选择不同的定制营销方式。同时,作为现代定制营销,既要适应商品多样化,个性化的定制方式,又要维护大规模生产的经济效益,必须采取有效的营销策略,并正确理解和运用定制营销。     

大规模定制产品族设计中的原理聚类研究

影响大规模定制成功与否的一个重要因素就是定制产品族的设计.本文建立了基于顾客需求一功能.原理-结构的大规模定制产品族扩展模型,探讨了各子模型之间的映射关系.论文结合实例.运用模糊教学理论,对功能模型一原理模型之间的耦合及解耦做了深入的研究,获得了原理模型的模糊聚类结果.该聚类结果为大规模定制产品的模块化结构设计提供了依据.     

大规模定制环境下定制产品与标准产品的定价与库存协调研究

研究了大规模定制环境下需求不确定、对价格敏感且可替代情况下的定制产品定价与标准产品库存量的协调问题.分析比较了在集成供应链情况下和在以大规模定制商为主导的供应链中的定价和库存策略,并提出一种基于收益共享的回购合约.研究结果表明,在以大规模定制商为主导的供应链中,定制产品的价格低于集成供应链情况下的价格,标准产品的库存低于集成供应链情况下的库存,供应链的整体利润要小于集成供应链的利润,基于收益共享的回购合约能够有效地协调大规模定制供应链.     

Perceived Value of the Mass‐Customized Product and Mass Customization Experience for Individual Consumers

The operations management literature on mass customization mainly focuses on the questions of whether and how manufacturers can efficiently deliver customization. Researchers have analyzed the trade‐offs between customization and dimensions of operational performance such as delivery times, quality, and costs. However, we argue that providing efficient customization is not sufficient per se to assess the value of mass customization. From this perspective, this paper focuses on complementary mechanisms for creating value: the benefits perceived by individual consumers. Two global components of perceived value within the context of mass customization are identified: mass‐customized product, with three dimensions, and mass customization experience, with two dimensions. The Consumer‐Perceived Value Tool (CPVT) is proposed to empirically measure the five perceived benefits related to the mass‐customized product and to the codesign process from the consumer viewpoint. The psychometric properties of the CPVT are assessed using three samples. The implications of this approach are discussed, along with directions for further research.     

一种产品族演进评价方法研究

为了实现产品族演进创新和全面地评估企业现有产品族运行状况,提出了面向大规模定制的产品族演进评价方法,建立了包括行业竞争者在内的产品族比较评价流程模型。该流程主要有三步:第一步是分析产品族在市场、技术和通用性三方面的评价指标,根据不同企业发展战略进一步确定各企业产品族的综合评价值;第二步是在定性和定量基础上分析了影响企业产品族的不可控和可控因素,通过线性回归模型建立产品族综合评价值与影响因素之间的量化关系并得到行业产品族水平值;第三步是通过本企业产品族评价值与行业产品族水平值相比较分析进而做出决策。最后,以国内50轮式装载机产品族评价案例说明了该方法的可行性。     

Lowest Cost May Not Lower Total Cost: Using “Spackling” to Smooth Mass‐Customized Production

Consider a manufacturer who mass customizes variants of a product in make‐to‐order fashion, and also produces standard variants as make‐to‐stock. A traditional manufacturing strategy would be to employ two separate manufacturing facilities: a flexible plant for mass‐customized items and an efficient plant for standard items. We contrast this traditional focus strategy with an alternative that better utilizes capacity by combining production of mass‐customized and standard items in one of two alternate spackling strategies: (1) a pure‐spackling strategy, where the manufacturer produces everything in a (single) flexible plant, first manufacturing custom products as demanded each period, and then filling in the production schedule with make‐to‐stock output of standard products; or (2) a layered‐spackling strategy, which uses an efficient plant to make a portion of its standard items and a separate flexible plant where it spackles. We identify the optimal production strategy considering the tradeoff between the cost premium for flexible (versus efficient) production capacity and the opportunity costs of idle capacity. Spackling amortizes fixed costs of capacity more effectively and thus can increase profits from mass customization vis‐à‐vis a focus strategy, even with higher cost production for the standard goods. We illustrate our framework with data from a messenger bag manufacturer.     

MC模式下个性化定制程度的优化

本文讲述了实施MC战略,在MC能力一定的情况下,企业如何合理确定个性化定制程度的问题。首先,对顾客的个性化需求作了分析,研究了企业的收入与顾客满意和定制程度之间的关系,建立了优化产出和生产指派的模型及算法;接着探讨了企业个性化成本与定制程度的关系,并基于利润最大化原则,提出了确定最优定制程度的一般方法;最后,举了一个实例,对文中的相关模型和方法进行了说明分析。     

Mass Customization and Guardrails: “You Can Not Be All Things to All People”

A mass customization strategy enables a firm to match its product designs to unique consumer tastes. In a classic horizontal product‐differentiation framework, a consumer's utility is a decreasing function of the distance between their ideal taste and the taste defined by the most closely aligned product the firm offers. A consumer thus considers the taste mismatch associated with their purchased product, but otherwise the positioning of the firm's product portfolio (or, “brand image”) is immaterial. In contrast, self‐congruency theory suggests that consumers assess how well both the purchased product and its overall brand image match with their ideal taste. Therefore, we incorporate within the consumer utility function both product‐specific and brand‐level components. Mass customization has the potential to improve taste alignment with regard to a specific purchased product, but at the risk of increasing brand dilution. Absent brand dilution concerns, a firm will optimally serve all consumers’ ideal tastes at a single price. In contrast, by endogenizing dilution costs within the consumer utility model, we prove that a mass‐customizing firm optimally uses differential pricing. Moreover, we show that the firm offers reduced prices to consumers with extreme tastes (to stimulate consumer “travel”), with a higher and fixed price being offered to those consumers having more central (mainstream) tastes. Given that a continuous spectrum of prices will likely not be practical in application, we also consider the more pragmatic approach of augmenting the uniformly priced mass customization range with preset (non‐customized) outlying designs, which serve customers at the taste extremes. We prove this practical approach performs close to optimal.     

Linking Work Design to Mass Customization: A Sociotechnical Systems Perspective*

Mass customization has gained increasing importance in recent years due to its ability to provide customized products efficiently and effectively, and manufacturing companies are continuously searching for ways to develop their mass‐customization ability. Despite extensive literature focusing on mass customization, few studies have systematically examined the impact of work‐design practices on a company's mass‐customization ability. Using the Sociotechnical Systems theory as a foundation, we link work‐design practices with mass‐customization ability, specifically identifying ten work‐design practices and examining their impact on mass‐customization ability using survey data and empirical research methods. The results support our hypothesized links and suggest that work‐design practices that manage both the technical and the social dimensions for achieving organization success have significant impact on a company's ability to achieve mass customization.     

Order Management in the Customization‐Responsiveness Squeeze*

Make‐to‐order (MTO) products may be either customized or standard, and customization can occur either at the configuration or component level. Consequently, MTO production processes can be divided into three customization gestalts: non‐customizers, custom assemblers, and custom producers. In this article, we examine how the multilevel nature of customization affects order management in processes that produce complex MTO products. We first empirically validate the existence of the three customization gestalts and subsequently, analyze the order management challenges and solutions in each gestalt in a sample of 163 MTO production processes embedded in seven different supply chains. In the analyses, we follow a mixed‐methods approach, combining a quantitative survey with qualitative interview data. The results show that important contingencies make different order management practices effective in different gestalts. Further qualitative inquiry reveals that some seemingly old‐fashioned practices, such as available‐to‐promise verifications, are effective but commonly neglected in many organizations. The results also challenge some of the conventional wisdom about custom assembly (and indirectly, mass customization). For example, the systematic configuration management methods—conventionally associated with project business environments—appear to be equally important in custom assembly.     

参与的乐趣——一个有中介的调节模型

随着消费个性化的提高和网络信息技术的发展,越来越多的企业通过提供定制化的产品建立顾客忠诚和赢得竞争优势。以产品定制为背景,基于顾客的视角,探讨顾客对不同参与程度的情感和行为反应及其影响因素,通过情境-角色模拟实验设计收集数据,运用逐步回归分析验证有中介的调节效应。研究结果表明,体验乐趣和满足独特性需求是顾客在参与产品定制过程中追求的重要利益;顾客参与程度正向影响消费者的感知乐趣和购买意愿,消费者独特性需求对顾客参与程度与感知乐趣和购买意愿的关系具有正向调节作用;同时,感知乐趣有效地传递顾客参与程度、独特性需求以及两者的交互作用对购买意愿的影响。因此,企业应该针对不同的细分群体采用顾客参与程度不同的定制化策略,并注重在定制过程中与顾客共同创造充满乐趣的独特体验。