幸福昆明指标体系的构建与实践成效

居民幸福指数是衡量和评价居民生活质量的重要指数,随着社会经济的发展和进步以及人的生活质量的提高越来越广受重视。本文以昆明市经济社会发展为视角,提出了评价幸福昆明的44个指标,其中“城市最低工资水平”和“居民消费价格指数”指标对幸福昆明建设影响最大,并分析了近年来幸福昆明建设取得的成效。     

Working and disability expectancies at older ages: The role of childhood circumstances and education

The ability to work at older ages depends on health and education. Both accumulate starting very early in life. We assess how childhood disadvantages combine with education to affect working and health trajectories. Applying multistate period life tables to data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for the period 2008–2014, we estimate how the residual life expectancy at age 50 is distributed in number of years of work and disability, by number of childhood disadvantages, gender, and race/ethnicity. Our findings indicate that number of childhood disadvantages is negatively associated with work and positively with disability, irrespective of gender and race/ethnicity. Childhood disadvantages intersect with low education resulting in shorter lives, and redistributing life years from work to disability. Among the highly educated, health and work differences between groups of childhood disadvantage are small. Combining multistate models and inverse probability weighting, we show that the return of high education is greater among the most disadvantaged.     

Imprisonment and (inequality in) population health

This article extends research on the consequences of mass imprisonment and the factors shaping population health and health inequalities by considering the associations between imprisonment and population health—measured as life expectancy at birth and the infant mortality rate—and black-white differences in population health using state-level panel data from the United States (N = 669), 1980-2004. Results show that imprisonment is significantly associated with poorer population health, though associations between imprisonment and infant mortality and female life expectancy are somewhat more consistently statistically significant than are associations with male life expectancy, and associations are more pronounced and statistically significant for blacks than they are for whites. Results also show, however, that increases in imprisonment are associated with decreases in the mortality rates of young black men. Thus, though imprisonment tends to be associated with higher mortality risk and greater black-white differences in mortality, it may, in the short-run, have some paradoxical mortality benefits for young black men.     

农耕与游牧交汇下中国古典戏剧的文类变异

以异质文明之间的影响为视域,以希腊悲剧"苦尾"为比较点,发现有两个重要原因导致中国悲剧出现"乐尾"现象。农耕文明中的乐感情结与苦难情结之间的内在张力为"悲身乐尾"的艺术结构提供了植生的土壤;农耕文明在游牧文明的强力作用下,原来的文艺在结构、秩序与功能上发生了变异。在文类形态上,中国出现了戏剧的"二度诞生",并产生了普世性的悲剧形态;在文类功能上,悲剧与哲学(宗教)共时地肩负起诠释与化解"人役"苦难的历史重任,哲学(宗教)与悲剧的"共时同台",化生出"悲身乐尾"的艺术式样。     

论孝道文化与生活教育之整合

孝道文化是生活教育的重要内容,通过分析探讨孝道文化与生活教育之整合,以期通过弘扬传统孝道、继承传统孝道精华来进一步丰富和拓展生活教育。     

乐生的国家治理维度--韩非的逻辑

从国家治理的角度关注民众乐生问题,是韩非治国思想的重要内容。韩非认为,所谓乐生就是快乐地活着来干合法的好事,同时也为爱惜身体不干那些非法的坏事。韩非把民众乐生和国家治理统一起来,认为使民众乐生是国家治理者的责任;只有民众乐生,才能实现君主对国家的治理;民众乐生是君主治理国家的理想局面。国家治理不能允许民众不乐生,国家治理不能让民众不乐生。     

Race differences in middle class lifestyle: The role of home ownership

This paper examines race differences in two aspects of “middle class” lifestyle: home ownership and net worth. Home ownership indicates stability; and for older persons net worth is an important part of economic status. Data from the NLS studies of older men are analyzed. The major findings are: (1) while whites at any earnings level are very likely to own homes by ages 50–64, only at relatively high earning levels do blacks begin to approach the home ownership rates of whites; (b) the net worth of blacks is substantially lower than that of whites after adjusting for variables in a standard status attainment model; and (c) however, among home owners the race difference as well as effects of other variables are much smaller than for renters. This is attributed to forced saving through home ownership. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible sources of low home ownership rates and low net worth of blacks and the implication of these findings for the study of middle class status.     

Immigrant and native financial well-being: The roles of place of education and race/ethnicity

Immigrants’ integration into U.S. society has occupied the interest of both scholars and the general public throughout the nation’s history. This paper draws on and refines dominance-differentiation theory to explore how immigrants’ place of education (whether they completed their education in the United States or abroad) and racial/ethnic status differentially affect their ability to integrate into U.S. society. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation and wealth attainment as an indicator of economic integration, this paper finds mixed evidence for dominance-differentiation theory. Foreign education is associated with lower wealth attainment and race/ethnicity serves as an important stratifying factor for blacks and Latinos; however, there is little support for the theory when comparing the wealth attainment of immigrants with their same-race/co-ethnic native-born peers. This paper concludes with a discussion of why place of education matters for wealth attainment in the United States and explores its implications for both educational and racial/ethnic stratification among U.S. immigrants.     

Wealth accumulation among U.S. immigrants: A study of assimilation and differentials

Data from the New Immigrant Survey are used to study wealth differentials among U.S. legal permanent residents. This study is unique in its ability to account for wealth held in the U.S. and that held abroad and yields several key findings. First, relative to immigrants from Western Europe, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (who have median wealth similar to native born non-Hispanic whites), other immigrant groups have lower levels of total wealth even after accounting for permanent income and life course characteristics. Second, time in the U.S. is positively associated with the wealth of married immigrants, yet this relationship is not statistically significant for single immigrants. Third, differences in the means of measured characteristics between Western European immigrants and those from most other origin regions account for more than 75 percent of observed wealth disparities. However, for immigrants from Asia and from the Indian subcontinent, much of the wealth differential remains unexplained by these factors.     

The probability of premarital intercourse

Data on sexual behavior collected retrospectively in a national probability sample survey of females aged 15–19 make it possible, using life table techniques, to compute the probability of having intercourse prior to marriage. Estimates are provided for whites and blacks, for the synthetic cohort based on all five ages combined, and separately for each cohort, i.e., those currently aged 15, aged 16, etc. In addition, minimum and maximum estimates, based on different assumptions regarding ever married females, are also included.     

General population estimates of the association between college experience and the odds of forced intercourse

Sexual assault on college campuses is a pervasive problem, recently receiving increased scientific and policy attention. However, the high focus on college student experience ignores general population prevalence, trends, and differences between those with college experience and those without. We analyze measures from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to provide a general population view of experiences with forced intercourse. Forced intercourse is a common experience in the U.S. population, has remained stable in recent years, and varies greatly by gender, age and race. The odds of forced intercourse are also significantly higher among those with less than four years of college. This ubiquitous public health problem is not limited to college campuses. Measures from the NSFG are an important resource for understanding population rates of (and trends in) forced intercourse, providing information to guide interventions and better target scientific investigation.     

Racial identity and the quality of life among blacks and whites in the U.S.

Social identity theory and research on mental health among racial minority groups suggest that a stronger, more positive racial identity will be related to a higher subjective quality of life. We investigate how ingroup closeness, ingroup evaluation, and ingroup bias are associated with happiness, positive affect about life, and generalized trust for blacks and whites, using partial proportional odds models. Data came from the 1996–2014 General Social Surveys (N = 6553). Ingroup closeness and more favorable ingroup evaluation had mostly positive associations with the quality of life dimensions. Contrary to what social identity theory would predict, ingroup bias was either unrelated or negatively related to them. Racial identity functions somewhat differently for blacks and whites. Ingroup evaluation and ingroup bias were related to greater positive affect about life for blacks but lower positive affect about life for whites.     

试析尼采肯定生命的价值倡导

尼采所倡导的“肯定生命”指的是肯定和维护整全且具活力的个性化的创新生命。主要包含着三个方面的内容:肯定包含苦难的苦乐生命;肯定包含无意识机能的身体生命;肯定包含过去的过程生命。尼采通过这一倡导实现了对柏拉图主义超感性道德理想的批判性超越,有力地开启了后尼采时代的西方人本主义思潮对人的生存、生命的持续而热烈的关注。这一倡导的根本局限在于盲目人的生产性,陷入了价值指向上的表面性、不确定性以及轻视理性反思的错误。     

我的快乐读书观

快乐读书主要是指读书过程的快乐,同时要努力做到过程的快乐与目的的快乐相统一。读书的含义有狭义和广义两种,我所讲的快乐读书要从广义上来理解,包括读书的快乐、藏书（含购书、淘书、赠书、藏书）的快乐、著书的快乐。快乐读书还要讲究方法。     

莱拉精神永远年轻──评《权势游戏》之人物莱拉(英文)

莱拉是个总希望从生活中得到更多东西的吉普赛姑娘。然而,她的民族却是个天命不可知、天命不可违的民族。为选择自己的生活方式,莱拉不惜以生命抗争。莱拉追求人类自由和正义、向往独立、勇敢向恶势力、向命运抗争的精神将激励人类从传统走向现代、从愚昧走向文明,勇敢地追求一种更符合人性的生活。     

孔孟的生死观浅论

生死问题是一个与每个人关系极为密切,而人们又不能不认真加以思考的问题。孔孟对这一人生问题进行了理性的思考和系统的总结,形成了具有丰富内涵的早期儒家生死观。在孔孟看来,生命是可贵的;死亡既具有必然性,同时又具有偶然性;死亡既是一件可悲的事情也是一件快乐的事情。他们十分重视死亡仪式。     

朴素地追问我们自己的问题和希望——中国哲学、西方哲学和马克思主义哲学会通的基础

中国哲学、西方哲学和马克思主义哲学的互动、交流和融会贯通,需要生活世界的基础。朴素地追问我们自己的问题和希望,为了我们自己平凡、真实、快乐地生活,考察和选择既有的哲学理论资源,我们发现,批判传统哲学的虚假崇高,批判资本逻辑的统治和支配,创造有中国特色的中华民族自己的哲学理论,是当代中国的西方哲学研究、中国传统哲学研究和马克思主义哲学研究的共同任务,是三者会通的基础。     

中世纪晚期英国农民休闲生活考察

休闲娱乐在中世纪晚期英国农民的日常生活中占据重要地位.由于乡村社会的娱乐活动丰富多样,传统社会时代的英国被人们称为"快乐的英格兰".休闲娱乐作为一种积极的生活方式,既提升了农民的生活质量,又为乡村社会的发展注入了活力.从乡村的礼庆娱乐和宗教节日娱乐两方面进行考察,探讨中世纪晚期英国农民休闲生活状况,可透视英国社会的变迁.     

Prismatic Metropolis: Race and Residential Segregation in the City of the Angels

Most major urban areas remain segregated by race, especially in terms of black segregation from whites. We replicate and extend the innovative approach developed by Farley and colleagues for understanding processes of racial residential segregation with data collected in Los Angeles. Using a large (N = 4025) multiracial sample of adults, we examine (1) actual and perceived differences in economic status, (2) mutual preference for same race neighbors, and (3) racial prejudice and discrimination as hypotheses for the persistence of residential segregation. With a systematic experimental design we gauge respondent openness to living in areas with varying proportions of black, white, Latino, or Asian neighbors. We find no support for actual or perceived cost of housing as a barrier to integration. Although all groups exhibit some degree of ethnocentric preference for same race neighbors, this tendency is strongest among whites rather than blacks and plays only a small role in perpetuating segregation. Blacks face the greatest hostility in the search for housing and are consensually recognized as most likely to face discrimination in the housing market. Racial minorities are more open to sharing residential space with whites than with other minorities. We find generally higher rates of openness to integration than Farley and colleagues found in their recent Detroit survey.     

1990年代先锋诗的生态及个人化写作成因

20世纪后期先锋诗经历了由诗意的先锋到诗艺的先锋,再转向诗意的先锋三大历程,并由1980年代的全国性的群体冲锋变成了地域性单兵突击,大学校园不再是先锋诗的实验园地.社会上的先锋诗人迫于生存压力不得不向现实生活妥协,平民写作取代英雄写作,人性写作取代神性写作.女诗人由女性诗人变化女人诗人,迷恋真实人生.先锋诗人的生命意识与生活情怀常常多于文体意识和审美情趣,平民化实用性诗歌远远多于贵族化审美性诗歌.先锋诗的世俗化导致了诗人写作的个人化.重视现实生存甚至急功近利的先锋诗写作虽然有损新诗,却适合当时的特殊国情.尽管当前个人化写作仍有存在价值,但不能极端地倡导个人化写作,因为诗坛既需要诗艺的先锋,也需要诗意的先锋.