共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
Akira Yakita 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):579-592
We examine the effect of an increase in life expectancy on portfolio choices of individuals and, thereby, on economic growth in a simple endogenous growth model populated by overlapping generations, in which money is introduced based on the money-in-the-utility-function approach. It is shown that an increase in longevity raises the balanced growth rate and lowers the inflation rate, offsetting the Tobin effect, if spillovers from accumulated capital to labor productivity sufficiently raise wage income and real savings, and, if not, it may retard economic growth and aggravate inflation. Under plausible conditions, the former will be the case.
相似文献
Akira YakitaEmail: |
2.
Frederic Vermeulen 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):99-118
This paper presents a collective discrete-choice model for female labour supply. Preferences of females and the intra-household
allocation process are both econometrically identified. The model incorporates non-participation and non-linear taxation.
It is applied to Belgian micro-data and is used to evaluate two revenue-neutral versions of the 2001 Tax Reform Act. We find
small positive behavioural responses to the reforms. The reforms are not unambiguously welfare-improving. Generally, the first
revenue-neutral reform (the actual reform and a household lump-sum tax) is more beneficial to females in couples than the
second (the actual reform and a proportional decrease of household disposable incomes).
相似文献
Frederic VermeulenEmail: |
3.
The earned income tax credit and fertility 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Government programs designed to provide income safety nets often restrict eligibility to families with children, creating
an unintended fertility incentive. This paper considers whether dramatically changing incentives in the earned income tax
credit affect fertility rates in the USA. We use birth certificate data spanning the period 1990 to 1999 to test whether expansions
in the credit influenced birthrate among targeted families. While economic theory would predict a positive fertility effect
of the program for many eligible women, our results indicate that expanding the credit produced only extremely small reductions in higher order fertility among white women.
相似文献
Stacy Dickert-Conlin (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
Understanding sibling differences in child labor 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Eric V. Edmonds 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):795-821
This study considers sibling differences in child labor in Nepal. The data are consistent with a model where parents care equally for all children but siblings differ in comparative advantage in household production, although parental preferences and credit constraints could also be important. Girls, especially older girls, tend to work more than their brothers. This extra work increases with the number of younger siblings and the spacing between siblings. The extra work performed by girls is such that, at modal birth spacing, the younger girl actually spends significantly more time working than her older brother.
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Eric V. EdmondsEmail: Fax: +1-603-6462122 |
5.
Growth and inequality: a demographic explanation 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Kazutoshi Miyazawa 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):559-578
This paper investigates the relationship between growth and inequality from a demographic point of view. In an extended model of the accidental bequest with endogenous fertility, we analyze the effects of a decrease in old-age mortality rate on the equilibrium growth rate as well as on the income distribution. We show that the relationship between growth and inequality is at first positive and then may be negative in the process of population aging. The results are consistent with the empirical evidence in some developed countries.
相似文献
Kazutoshi MiyazawaEmail: |
6.
In this article we examine gender differences in income expectations of students in higher education. We found quite large
gender differences. Men and women differ significantly in the income they expect to earn at the top of their career. We examined
how much personality traits contribute to explain gender differences in income expectations, and to what extent personality
typologies can add to insights about earnings potential derived from human capital theory. The research shows that personality
does affect expected income, that impact goes beyond personality’s indirect effects, which are conveyed largely through gender
differences and students’ choice of study subject.
相似文献
Ariana NeedEmail: |
7.
On the political economy of social security and public education 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Panu Poutvaara 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):345-365
This paper analyzes simultaneous voting on the wage tax rate and investment in public education with three overlapping generations and ability differences inside each cohort. Wage tax revenue finances public education and social security benefits. The presence of ability differences introduces a time-consistency problem with repeated voting. This can be solved by trigger strategies, which do not punish upward deviations in the wage tax rate. If there are multiple equilibria, then higher tax rates are associated with more education. Surprisingly, the median voter may be a young citizen, even when cohorts are of the same size.
相似文献
Panu PoutvaaraEmail: Fax: +358-9-19128736 |
8.
Sibling similarities and economic inequality in the US 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Bhashkar Mazumder 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):685-701
I use a new methodological approach and larger US samples than previous studies and estimate that the sibling correlation
across a range of economic outcomes is around 0.5. This suggests that half of economic inequality in the US can be attributed
to family and community influences. A comparison with noneconomic outcomes suggests that individual choices rather than a
simple mechanical relationship governs the intergenerational transmission of income. A decomposition of the sibling correlation
suggests that the acquisition of human capital is an important channel through which family background affects future success
but that noncognitive factors also play a role.
相似文献
Bhashkar MazumderEmail: |
9.
Kenji Suzuki 《Social indicators research》2009,92(1):81-89
The question about the contribution of economic growth to subjective well-being has caused long-standing debate in the literature
on subjective well-being, and Japan is often mentioned as a typical case of no contribution. With a careful examination of
the survey text, nevertheless, this study provides a completely opposite result. In other words, the average score of subjective
well-being is significantly associated with the level of national income per capita. The study also finds that not only the
level of national income per capita but also its growth rate is a significant explanatory variable. However, it is also suggested
that a structural subsidence of subjective well-being occurred in the late 1990s, when many Japanese people lost confidence
in their traditional economic system.
相似文献
Kenji SuzukiEmail: |
10.
This paper estimates the impact of a recent expansion in Canadian paid family leave from 25 to 50 weeks on maternal employment
and transfer income. It finds the expansion coincided with increases in transfers to mothers of children age zero to one relative
to mothers of children age three to four, and with decreases in returns to work in the year after birth. These changes were
concentrated among economically advantaged groups of women, defined by marital status, education, and non-wage income. Despite
these changes, there was no evidence of a decrease in returns to work or relative employment for mothers of children age one.
相似文献
Maria HanrattyEmail: |
11.
Sarit Cohen-Goldner Chemi Gotlibovski Nava Kahana 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):983-1003
This paper presents a two-period human capital investment model, which is used to study the optimal investment decisions of
credit-constrained married immigrants relative to single immigrants and native couples facing a perfect capital market. The
model predicts that: (1) The comparative advantage in investment in local skills of one of the spouses may emerge from his/her
higher growth rate of imported human capital. (2) The optimal investment of each spouse is non-increasing in the level of
imported human capital of the spouse with the comparative advantage in investment, while it is non-decreasing in the level
of imported human capital of the other spouse. (3) When two immigrants get married, the spouse with the comparative advantage
in investment invests more than when he/she was single whereas the other spouse invests less.
相似文献
Nava KahanaEmail: |
12.
Barbara Wolfe Robert Haveman Karen Pence Jonathan A. Schwabish 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(1):73-100
We hypothesize that teen nonmarital birth events are influenced by adolescent girls’ perceptions of the consequences of their
choices. Two such consequences are explored: (1) a teen’s expected future marriage and cohabitation relationships and (2)
the present value of expected future income. We also measure the effects of the characteristics of the teen, her prior choices,
her family, her neighborhood, and the social and economic environment in which she lives. The results, based on the Michigan
Panel Study of Income Dynamics, suggest that teens place greater weight on the relationship consequences than the income consequences,
but that both consequences influence their nonmarital birth choices.
相似文献
Jonathan A. SchwabishEmail: |
13.
This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous ethnic group.
Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and 2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate.
A reduced proportion of people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income inequality
declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income gap between Māori and Europeans declined.
The increased Māori employment rate during this period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income
distribution.
相似文献
David C. Maré (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
Daniela Andrén 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):227-238
Nowadays, with an increasingly aging population, an increasing proportion of the population on disability benefits, and an
implicitly lower level of economic output and foregone tax revenue, disability has become a major public policy issue in many
countries. Estimating both single risk and competing risks models on a Swedish longitudinal database, this study analyzes
the risk of exit from the labor market due to disability at a certain age, conditional on having remained in the labor force
until that age. The explanatory variables did not have identical coefficients across destination types. For example, the estimated
single risk model shows that a higher level of education decreased the hazard of exiting the labor market with a disability
pension, while the estimated competing risks model suggests that a higher level of education increased the hazard of exiting
with a partial disability pension, but it decreased the hazard of exiting with a full disability pension.
相似文献
Daniela AndrénEmail: |
15.
Hilde Coffé 《Social indicators research》2009,91(2):155-170
Recent findings indicate that more pronounced community heterogeneity is associated with lower levels of social capital. These
studies, however, concentrate on specific aspects in which people differ (such as income inequality or ethnic diversity).
In the present paper, we introduce the number of parties in the local party system as a more encompassing measure of community
heterogeneity. This builds on the argument that the number of relevant socio-economic cleavages in the population (i.e. heterogeneity)
determines the level of party system fragmentation. Using data on 307 Flemish municipalities, we find that municipalities
with a more heterogeneous population indeed have lower levels of social capital. Hence, our study endorses—and generalizes—previous
results linking community heterogeneity to lower levels of social capital.
相似文献
Hilde CofféEmail: |
16.
Minorities such as ethnic and immigration groups have often been subject to exclusion through labor market discrimination, residential and employment segregation policies, business ownership regulations, restrictions on political participation, access to public services, and more. This paper studies the dynamics of minority exclusion. From the viewpoint of the dominant majority, the exclusion decision balances the motive to redistribute income in its favor and the interest in avoiding potential civic unrest or even violent confrontation with the minority. The analysis also has implications for immigration policies, suggesting that they have to take this group dynamics into account.
相似文献
Maurice SchiffEmail: |
17.
The estimation of the effect of local human capital on wages only might not identify properly human capital spillovers. Appropriate
identification requires considering the joint effect of local human capital on both wages and rents. Empirically, we study
the effects of local human capital on household-level rents and individual-level wages for a sample of Italian local labour
markets. Our results show a positive and robust effect of local human capital on rents, supporting the idea that human capital
generates positive externalities at the local level. Our results also suggest that consumption and production externalities
have a similar impact on wages.
相似文献
Guido de BlasioEmail: |
18.
We present several economic models of racial segregation and income inequality. The use of race as a signal arises from imperfect
information about the return to transactions with particular agents. In a search framework, signaling supports not simply
a discriminatory equilibrium, but a pattern of racially segregated transactions, which in turn perpetuates the informational
asymmetries. Equilibrium income disparities depend on the relative size of the minority group and on the informational “distance”
between races. Under some circumstances, minority agents will self-segregate since they face an adverse selection of majority
agents who are willing to trade with them.
相似文献
Richard StartzEmail: |
19.
Given the intrinsically sequential nature of childbirth, timing of a child’s birth has consequences not only for itself but
also for its older and younger siblings. The paper argues that prior spacing and posterior spacing between consecutive siblings
are thus important measures of intensity of sibling competition for limited parental resources. While the available estimates
of child mortality tend to ignore the endogeneity of sibling composition, we use a correlated recursive model of prior and
posterior spacing and child mortality to correct it. There is evidence that uncorrected estimates under-estimate the effects
of prior and posterior spacing on child mortality.
相似文献
Sarmistha Pal (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
Absolute Income,Relative Income,and Happiness 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper uses data from the World Values Survey to investigate how an individual’s self-reported happiness is related to
(i) the level of her income in absolute terms, and (ii) the level of her income relative to other people in her country. The
main findings are that (i) both absolute and relative income are positively and significantly correlated with happiness, (ii)
quantitatively, changes in relative income have much larger effects on happiness than do changes in absolute income, and (iii)
the effects on happiness of both absolute and relative income are small when compared to the effects several non-pecuniary
factors.
相似文献
Kateryna ChernovaEmail: |