对广州市白云区江高镇农业产业化发展的思考

新农村建设的关键是农民增收,农民收入问题,实际上还是发展的问题.所以,增加农民收入,根本是要拿出解决农业发展的长远方针,引导薄弱的农业走向产业化,农民才能真正脱贫,农村才能"新"起来.发展现代农业,增加农民收入,培养现代农民,这三个因素决定了农业产业化是新农村建设的必由之路、重要任务和最佳途径,农业产业化的过程就是建设新农村的过程.     

基于农业产业化发展农业物流的途径

发展农业物流在农产品的各个环节都起着相当重要的作用,它有助于解决中国的"三农"问题,对于增加农民收入、增强农业产业化发展能力以及提高农产品产销效率是不可忽视的解决策略。本文首先阐述了农业产业化应当包含农业物流,其次分析了当前农业物流存在的问题以及建立在农业产业化基础之上发展现代农业物流的重要性。最后,本文提出了基于农业产业化发展农业物流的途径。     

美日农业产业化经营对新疆农业发展的借鉴

新疆是中国重要的粮、棉、油基地,农业是新疆的优势产业,但同时也是弱势产业,进人21世纪,诸如农业科技含量低、农产品竞争力不强、资源配置不合理,农村经济发展缓慢,农民收人还很低等农业、农村和农民问题仍然是新疆的主要问题.为实现资源的有效配置和提高农民收人,一些地方探索走农业产业化的道路.以当前情况来看,新疆农业产业化在一些地区取得较为成功的探索,但从总体来看还处于初级阶段,还面临很多困难和问题,无论在理论方面还是在实践方面都有磊于突破.     

用产业化推动甘肃农村工业化、城镇化发展

农业产业化、乡镇企业工业化和农村城镇化是甘肃农村经济发展的基本方向和现实选择。我们必须以产业化入手,去推动乡镇企业工业化、农村城镇化发展,实现“三化”齐动。一、“三化”是甘肃农村经济发展的基本方向和途径农业产业化、农村工业化和城镇化作为解决农村改革与...     

农业产业化科学发展之关键环节浅析

农业产业化经营是中国农民继家庭联产承包责任制和乡镇企业之后的又一次伟大创举,是农业经营方式和组织方式的创新.促进农业产业化的科学发展,把握关键环节至关重要.环节之一:合理制定主导产业发展规划是搞好欠发达地区农业产业化科学发展的前提;环节之二:积极抓好龙头企业建设是推进欠发达地区农业产业化科学发展的核心;环节之三:切实搞好基地建设是搞好欠发达地区农业产业化科学发展的基础;环节之四:努力完善运行机制是搞好欠发达地区农业产业化科学发展的保证.     

关于加快实施农业产业化发展战略的思考

我国农业生产在土地小规模分散经营的特定条件下，如何在稳定和完善家庭联产承包制的同时，通过稳妥而积极的改革，逐步实现农业的专业化、社会化和现代化，是农业和发展亟待解诀的重大问题。近年来，在实践探索中，广大农民创造出了一种新的生产经营形式，即农业产业化。这种经营形式．在我国农村经济发展中正日益显示出它的强大生命力。农业产业化问题也越来越为理论界所关注，成为理论研究的一个热点。本文试就加快农业产业化进程问题谈几点看法。一、农业产业化对于农村经济发展意义深远，是实现我国农业两个根本性转变的有效途径。实现…     

开拓农村市场 促进西部发展

近年来，农产品销售不畅，农业增产不增收，城乡收入差距扩大，农民利益受到损害，农民收入增长缓慢。各地各部门围绕农民增收、农村稳定，做了大量工作，中央农村工作会议，适时地把增加农民收入摆到了农村经济工作的重要位置。可以说，今后我国经济的持续快速发展必须依靠农民消费和农村市场的拉动。只有农民的收入不断提高，才能从根本上调动农民的积极性，实现城乡经济协调发展。因此，必须从全局的高度，把增加农民收入作为农业和农村经济工作的出发点和落脚点，下大力气解决好这个问题。农村市场占西部商品市场的主导地位，只有大力开…     

我国农业保险发展模式优化研究

农业保险作为市场经济条件下现代农业发展的四大支柱之一,在稳定农业生产和促进农民增收,推动农村经济发展方面起着重要作用.但是现阶段我国的农业保险还不成熟,面临着诸多现实困境.在我国实现纯粹的商业保险有难度,可以实施各级政府扶持、政策性保险为主,商业保险为补充、利益共同互济、农民广泛参保的农业保险发展模式.     

欠发达地区农业产业化经营的薄弱环节及对策建议

欠发达地区农业产业化水平低且进展缓慢,在农业产业化的几个关键环节上薄弱是重要原因。一是农业生产的专业化、规模化程度低,产业化基础薄弱;二是农业的市场化程度低,产业化经营的动力不足;三是农业中介组织发展滞后,产业化经营的组织基础薄弱;四是龙头企业发育不良。推进欠发达地区农业产业化,要牢牢把握重点,着力强化这些薄弱环节。一要把推进农业产业化与农业产业结构调整结合起来,着力推进农业生产的专业化、规模化;二是把推进农业产业化与农村改革开放结合起来,推进农业市场化进程;三要把推进农业产业化与提高农民的组织化程度结合起来,大力发展农业中介组织;四是要大力培育和发展农业产业化龙头企业。     

中国农民收入增加的思路创新及对策选择

农民收入事关我国国民经济和社会发展的全局 ,近年来农民收入增速连续下滑已对农村及宏观经济发展形成了不利影响 ,增加农民收入成为经济工作的主要内容。然而 ,传统思路和对策如增加产量、提高价格等已难以支撑农民收入的有效增加 ,农民增收面临诸多新的挑战 ,增加农民收入必须确立新的思路和对策 ,即通过调整农业结构使农业适应市场增加农民收入 ,通过推进城镇化优化城乡经济关系增加农民收入 ,通过调整国民收入分配结构向农业和农村倾斜增加农民收入     

剩余索取权:农民增收问题的起点

纵观我国农民收入增加的过程可以看出 ,我国农民收入增加无非是由两个方面的原因引起的 ,一是潜在收入流的释放及新收入流的产生而使经济剩余总量增加 ,二是权利结构的改变即农民作为一个经济主体的剩余索取权的获得和增加。运用农民剩余索取权这一概念不仅能够解释我国农民以往收入增加的有关原因 ,而且可以为解决今后农民问题提出一个适用的理论分析框架     

Causes and impacts of the mis-representation of agricultural policy—The case of food supply security payments in Switzerland

Although the supply situation of the Swiss population is sufficient in terms of food security, contributions to security of food supply have been made since 2014 as part of the country’s current agricultural policy. Amounting to around CHF 1.17 billion, such contributions account for more than a third of Switzerland’s total direct payments budget. The effectiveness and the efficiency of this policy in terms of both calorie production and income transfer were analysed. With the help of an agent-based model approach, the extent to which the achievement of targets is guaranteed in the long term was examined. Possible gains in efficiency become visible alongside a stepwise reduction in the levels of the contributions. If the current policy is continued, Switzerland will barely achieve its actual operationalised calorie production targets. A focus on demand during times of supply shortages and a stronger focus on maintaining production factors could release the resources necessary to close existing gaps in relation to meeting targets. With an income ratio of about 0.3, the payments have a high income transfer effect and, therefore, make a major contribution to securing agricultural income. This fact is not evident in either the formulation of targets or the labelling of the policy. The present study contributes to the discussion concerning the possible reasons and likely impacts for the mislabelling of this policy measure.     

The economic effects of common agricultural policy on Mediterranean montado/dehesa ecosystem

The decoupling of CAP payments leads production decisions and resources allocation to be more dependent on market prices and competitive advantages. The objective of this paper is to assess the effects of CAP trends on the montado/dehesa traditional ecosystem of Mediterranean regions in terms of farm income, land, labour and capital. A positive mathematical supply model disaggregated by the montado agro-forestry production systems of the Alentejo region in southern Portugal is developed. The results show that decoupling payments of CAP have negative economic effects on agricultural activities and resource use. Agricultural income increases with single farm payments but the foreseen increases in prices do not compensate the loss of the Agenda 2000 area payments in terms of competitiveness. These results reinforce the need to promote alternative agricultural and non-agricultural activities and policies in Mediterranean rural European areas and regions.     

Indian agricultural policy: An applied general equilibrium model

A ten-sector, sequential applied general equilibrium model is formulated, estimated, and stimulated for analyzing agricultural policy choices for India until year 2000. Ten groups of consumers (five of them rural), each with its own preferences and claims on output are recognized in the model, the groups distinguished by the range of their per capita household (real) consumption expenditure. The simulations compare: four policies with respect to the compulsory purchase and subsidized distribution to consumers of a limited amount of foodgrains and four foreign trade and aid scenarios. Procuring and freely distributing 100 kgs of grain per capita per year and financing the cost through additional taxation improves income distribution with no reduction in growth. On the other hand, the same distributional policy financed by reducing investment has a negative impact on growth.     

北京市“三农”问题现状及解决途径

本文分析了北京市“三农”当前存在的四个突出问题,并从提高农民收入、提高农产品国际竞争力、加快城镇化步伐、发展涉农服务业与强化科研、教育与推广系统的创新等五个方面进行了论述。     

农民工的主观幸福感及其影响因素分析——以武汉市512名农民工为例

本文基于中国人口学会在武汉地区对农民工的调查数据,对农民工的总体幸福感及其个人情况与社会方面的影响因素做了相关分析。研究发现:认为自己不幸福或很不幸福的农民工所占的比重并不大,大部分调查对象认为自己是幸福的或幸福情况一般;但相对于过去在农村来讲,认为自己“更加不幸福”的比例有所上升。通过对影响农民工幸福感的原因分析研究发现,影响农民工幸福感个人方面相关的因素主要是婚姻状况、心理健康状况、工作环境状况以及目前在本城市的生活水平等情况有关。     

The determinants of income mobility of older people in England and South Korea

This paper adopts a longitudinal approach toward examining what lies behind income mobility of older people aged 50 and over in England and aged 45 and over in South Korea over the period between 2006 and 2012, using panel data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The breakdown of income mobility which takes into account different type of division of the elderly population and income sources are also performed. The findings reveal that income growth has very little impact on aggregate income mobility in England, while it is crucial for the income mobility levels in Korea. There is a great deal of income mobility among single people under the age of 65 in England, while older people who are aged 65 or above and live alone experienced a greater variation in their income over time in Korea. In the case of breakdown of income mobility by income sources, it appears that labor income is the most important determinant of mobility in both countries and income from self‐employment for Korea and income from social transfers in England also plays an important contribution to income mobility.     

收入不平等对中国居民幸福感的影响及其机制研究

本文立足于社会规范视角,以中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据为基础,考察与分析区域层次的收入不平等对居民幸福感的影响及其机制。结果显示,当前中国的收入不平等会损害个人对幸福的积极体验。与高收入群体相比,低收入群体更容易产生这种负向感知。相对剥夺和关系信任构成的社会心理过程是影响收入不平等与个人幸福感关系的重要机制,资源供给机制未获调查数据的支持。在此基础上,本文认为,国民幸福感的高低并非取决于收入不平等本身,而是分配体系构建的合理性。所以,建立具有公平正义价值导向的收入分配体系是提升中国居民幸福感的发展方向。     

北京市城乡居民收入分配差距变化的实证分析

改革开放后,北京市城乡居民收入分配差距不断扩大。分析结果表明:转移性收入差距和工资性收入差距表现明显;14个区县城乡居民收入分配差距规模出现了"两极分化"现象,但是不同功能区内部结果存在差异,城市功能拓展区和生态涵养发展区内的城乡居民收入分配差距规模正逐步缩小;城乡居民收入分配差距与经济发展水平基本适应,具有一定的合理性;今后城乡居民收入分配差距有可能继续扩大,但是城乡居民收入比的差距将逐渐缩小。特别值得注意的问题是,城市发展新区城乡居民收入分配差距规模可能明显扩大。     

Intergenerational income mobility and inequality in South Korea

Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), recent trends in intergenerational income mobility were explored, examining the relationship between income mobility and income inequality in South Korea. The study found that the intergenerational elasticity of income is about 0.2 and there is no clear‐cut trend in intergenerational income mobility. In addition, this study showed that there is no systematic relation between rising income inequality and intergenerational income mobility in contemporary Korea. Overall, the results indicate that intergenerational income mobility is irresponsive to the income inequality the respondents experienced growing up. It is assumed that education and welfare transfer programs might offset the consequences of income inequality by leading to upward mobility for children from low‐income households.