Some Reflections on Research into the History of Contemporary Chinese Literature

In order to have a genuine grasp of the basic features and historical relevance of contemporary Chinese literature, some scholarly trends     

Adopting a Realistic Attitude Towards History and Drawing on Experience──A Survey of the Symposium on the History of Examinations in China

Chinaisthetraditionalhomeofexaminations'TheschoolandimperialexaminationsofancientChinahadafar-reachinginfluenceonChinesesocialandhistoricaldevelopmentandcontemporaryWesterncivilserviceexaminations.Inordertoinvestigatethelawsgoverningtheorigin,developmentandevolutionofexaminations,tosummarizehistoricalexperiencesandlessonslearned,topromotetheoreticalresearchonexaminationsandbetterservetheexaminationreformsnowunderway,a"SymposiumontheHistoryofExaminationsinChina"washeldinBeijinginMayl998.Pre…     

A Preview on the Study of Literary History

Ｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎａｆａｃｔｏｒｔｈａｔｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｉｔｓｏｖｅｒａｌｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ.Ｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｔｈａｔｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｏｒｔｏｗｈｉｃｈｌｉｔｔｌｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｗａｓｐａｉｄｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ .Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ ,ｒｅｓｅａｒｃ…     

Second Thoughts on the Proposition ＂Literature Is the Study of Man＂

钱谷融先生在20世纪五十年代撰文指出,高尔基建议把文学叫做“人学”,于是认为最早提出“文学是人学”命题的是高尔基;进入21世纪后,钱先生又说,“文学是人学”的发明权应归属于泰纳。本文认为：事实上,高尔基未曾提出过“文学是人学”的建议,泰纳也没有作过“文学是人学”的完整表达。不过,尽管如此,钱谷融先生在20世纪五十年代的政治与文学生态中,能提出“文学是人学”的命题,并阐释文学的“人性”品格,这既需要勇气,也需要才情,更具有非凡的意义。因此,在后来半个多世纪的文学创作和研究中,这一提法产生了极其巨大的积极影响和作用。不过,也应该看到,“文学是人学”这一命题缺乏其自圆其说的学理性依据,尤其站在新的世纪,以更高的标准对这一命题进行审视,其存在的局限性也是较为明显的,这就是：人是文学描写的中心,而不是文学描写对象的全部;人是评价文学的一个尺度,并不是评价文学的唯一尺度。文学还应遵循文学自身的特殊规律     

On the Ideal Model for Development of National Literature

Nationalliteraturecannotremainaclosedsystemandathinguntoitselfifitwantstoexistanddevelopwithintheliteratureandcultureofthewholeworld.Itisimpossibletomentiononewithouttheothersince,intermsoftheirscaleofvalues,worldliteratureandnationalliteraturehavevirtuallymergedintoanintegratedwhole.Itisthereforeimperativethatartandliterarytheoristsevolveassoonaspossibleanidealmodelforthedevelopmentandprosperityofnationalliteratureinthefaceoftheopportunitiesandchallengesofthecentury.Iwouldliketosuggesta"model…     

The Significance of the Definition of "Literature in the Han Language Outside China

IThepublicatio11ofBaiXia11yol1g-s"ForeverYinXueyan-'inDa1IgdtiinBeijinginl979appearstobethefirsttimethatliterarycirclesinChinapropertooknoticeoftl1efilctthatduringChina's3Oyearsofrevolution,aparallelandcomplexworldofIitel-aturehaddevelopedoutsidcthen1ainl…     

A Summary of the Modernization Process of Research on Chinese Classical Literature in the Twentieth Century

ResearchonChineseclassicalliteraturethiscenturyhas,ingeneral,followedacoursecharacterizedbycontinualevolutionfromtheclassicaltothemodern.Themainfocushasbeenonthemodernizationofacademicstudies,aprocessthathasencompassedallaspectsofthediscipline,includingacademicideasandmethodologiesandtheirresultsordisciplinaryachievements,andthenurturingofacademicideasandmethodsandtalentedindividualswithinthediscipline.Classicalliteratureresearchthiscenturycanbedividedroughlyintofourperiodsonthebasisoftheresea…     

My View on the Future Development of Studies in Modern Chinese History

Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｍａｙｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｔｗｏｗａｙｓ.Ｉｔｍａｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐａｌｏｎｇｉｎｔｒｉｎｓｉｃｌｉｎｅｓ,ｔｈａｔｉｓ ,ｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｆｉｌｌｉｎｇｉｎｂｌａｎｋａｒｅａｓ ,ｏｒｎｅｗｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｓｍａｙｂｅｏｐｅｎｅｄｕｐｔｏｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｉｏｎａｌａｎｄｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ .Ｃｒｏｓｓ ｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎａｒｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｅ…     

A Discussion on the Conversion of Literary History─Efforts to Build a New Model for Literary History

Editorialnote:Bornatthebeginningofthiscentury,literaryhistoryasabranchoflearninghasnowdeveloPedforalmostahundredyears.ItisacommonconcernamongacademiccirclesattheturnofthecenturythatweshouldexamineboththePastandfutureofstudiesonliteraryhistory,bringaboutaconversionandestablishanewmodel.Thefollowingarticlesprovideideas,aPProachesanddirectionsforthenewmodel,basedontheauthors'refectionsonPastandpresentstudiesofliteraryhistory,aswellastheirownresearch.IStudiesofliteraryhistoryhavebeenconductedal…     

The Transformation of Old Literature into New and the Seeds of New Fiction in Hong Kong

IHongKongwasisolatedfromChinafromthetimeitwascededtoBritainin1842.WiththecessionofKowloonandthe"NewTerritories,"HongHongbecameincreasinglyimportanttoimperialistBritain,politically,economically,andmilitarily.YetBritishpoliciesinHongKongwerequitedifferentfromthoseofJapaninChinaintermsofculturalinvasion.TheJapaneseimplementedharshpoliciesaftertheyoccupiedTaiwanin1895inordertomaketheChinesepeople"subjectsoftheMikado."TheyforbadeChinesepeopletospeakorwriteChinese,andusedthisasawayofenslavi…     

The Study of the History of ChineseFamilies and Clans

Families(jiating)andclans(jiazu)aretwocategoriesinChinawhicharerelatedtoanddifferentfromeachother.FamiIiesinancientChinawerecommunitieswithcommonpropertieswhichtooksmall-scaleblood-relationshipsastheprincipalcomponentandwereestablishedonthebasisoftherelationshipofmarriage,familysupportandchildadoption.Clansrefertothesystemofblood-relationships,includingsmallclansinfamilies,orlargeclansmadeupofanumberofsmallclans,namelypatriarchalclans.Therefore,thestructure,functions,andinterrelationsofthemem…     

Developments in the Study of Confucianism on the Mainland of China in Recent Years

I.AttitudesTowardsthe"ConfucianismCraze"AnincreasingnumberofstudiesonConfucianismhavebeenconductedonthemainlandinrecentyears,andthereisevensomethingofa"craze"forConfucianism.Papershavebeenreadatlargesymposia,journalshavebeenpublished,lectureshavebeengiven…     

From the Principle of Enlightenment to Existentialism─On Avant-garde Literature in Contemporary China

Ⅰ.ThePrincipleofEnlightenmentandExistentialismasAnAvant-gardeLiteraryTrendThe"avant-garde"and"avant-gardeliterature"havebeenlongandwidelytalkedaboutbycriticsasaphenomenoninpoetryandfictionwritingincontemporaryChina.Idonotmeantofollowothercriticsinstudyingindividualschools,groupsorphenomena,butwillexaminetheseandotherrelatedphenomenaasaninterrelated,interdependentandcross-transformingunity,atrendtowardnoveltyandchangethatexiststhroughouttheprofoundhistoricaltransformationofliteratureinconte…     

The Academic History of Literature and Art as a “ Disease of Interpretation”: On the Paradoxical Nature of Interdisciplinary Boundaries

This article represents an academic response to Professor Zhang Jiang’s article “On Imposed Interpretation” published in Russian in the journal October (no. 1, 2015). It argues that the problems observed by Zhang arise from the reality of Western literary criticism over the past decades, and are associated with the contention between philosophy and philology that had its orgins in the West’s Platonic heritage. In outlining the complex symbiotic relationship between the two disciplines in Western literary history, this article finds that two theoretical motive forces catalyzed the process: the “philologization of philosophy” and the “philosophization of philology.” The writer argues that based on a full understanding of the paradoxical relationship between philosophy and philology, which are distinct from and yet attracted to each other, contemporary literary criticism can adopt the principles of “practical conservatism” and “cutting back of methodologies” as a means of healing the ever worsening “disease of intepreretation” in literary history.     

Lu Xun and the Graphic Art of the New Literature

Book covers and illustrations by Lu Xunand his artist contemporaries constitute notonly an archive of graphic design for newliterature, but also a new literature art formin themselves. The Hodge-Podge Series is aclassic example of the transition of new lit-     

A Reassessment of the Class Basis of the 1911 Revolution-With Comments on the Different Views on the Nature of that Revolution among Scholars from Taiwan and the Mainland

ⅠTheconsensusamongChinesehistoriansisthatthelower-middlestratumofChina's"nationalbourgeoisie"constitutedtheclassbasisofthe1911Revolution.Theoriginsofthispropositionmaybetracedbacktothel95os.Chinesehistorianshavealsoproposedthreestratificationsforthisclas…     

A History of the sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

TheSino-JapaneseWarof1894-1895wasanepoch-makingeventinthehistoryofmodernChina.ThoughChinesehistorianshavemadeconsiderableachievementsinthestudyofthishistoricaleventafterthefoundingofnewChinain1949,asystematicanddetailedhistoryofthiseventhasalwaysbeensomethingtobedesired.AHistoryoftheSino-JapaneseWarof1894-1895(hereafterSinoJapaneseWar),writtenbyQiQizhang,hasblazedatrailinthisfield,pushingforwardthestudyofthisPeriod.Thebookcanbecharacterizedinfourways.Ⅰ.AWide-RangingCollectionofSoundD…     

The Intellectual Conversion of the Creative Subject──An Approach to Chinese Literature in the New Age

IThe Class Monitor (Banzhuren ) marked a new era in Chineseliterature, and is significant as the first indicator of the intellectualawakening of writers as the creative subject. As the nation denounced the"Gang of Four" who plotted to seize the highest authority, writersreflected in their works of fiction that the worst disaster was the loss ofindividuality and creativity. This sober, reasonable judgement madefiction appear to shine with rationality amidst the emotional upheavals ofthe time.…     

Early Religious Taoism and the Re-understanding of History of the Han through the Three Kingdoms

原始道教是道教史和两汉史研究中的重点和难点之一。本文采用历史文献、考古资料和道教经典互相契证的方法,通过对史料和思想的深入发掘,对汉代灾异论与原始道教思想的形成、两汉诸多社会危机与原始道经预言之间的关系、原始道教对汉魏政治的重大影响等诸多方面问题,进行系统考证和还原分析,力图从纷繁复杂的两汉历史中剥离出原始道教思想及其在汉魏政治秩序变迁中的作用,探考道教兴起的历史轨迹。