Two applications of a theorem of Dvoretsky, Wald, and Wolfovitz to cake division

In this note, we show that a partition of a cake is Pareto optimal if and only if it maximizes some convex combination of the measures used by those who receive the resulting pieces of cake. Also, given any sequence of positive real numbers that sum to one (which may be thought of as representing the players' relative entitlements), we show that there exists a partition in which each player receives either more than, less than, or exactly his or her entitlement (according to his or her measure), in any desired combination, provided that the measures are not all equal.     

Growth impact of climate change and response policies: The advanced climate change long-term (ACCL) model

This paper provides a tool to build climate change scenarios to forecast Gross Domestic Product (GDP), modelling both GDP damage due to climate change and the GDP impact of mitigating measures. It adopts a supply-side, long-term view, with 2060 and 2100 horizons. It is a global projection tool (30 countries/regions), with assumptions and results both at the world and the country/regional level. Five different types of energy inputs are taken into account according to their CO₂ emission factors. Full calibration is possible at each stage, with estimated or literature-based default parameters. Compared to other models, it provides a comprehensive modelisation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which is the most significant determinant of the GDP projected path. We present simulation results of different energy policy scenarios. They illustrate both the “tragedy of the horizon” and the “tragedy of the commons”, which call for a policy framework that adequately integrates a long run perspective, through a low-enough discount rate and an effective intergenerational solidarity as well as international cooperation.     

Let's not get tied into knots: a response to Newman, (2018)—Vygotsky,Wittgenstein and sociocultural theory

The September 2018 issue of this journal included an article by Newman, (2018) that challenges research carried out on second language acquisition (henceforth, SCT‐L2) informed by the psychological theory proposed by L. S. Vygotsky. We would like to respond to Newman's critique, which he problematizes as three “knots” that he then undertakes to untie through analysis of Vygotsky's writings contained in Vygotsky's two most popular works, Thought and Language and Mind in Society. We first summarize Newman's knots and his approach to untying them. We then present our response to each of these in turn.     

Impact of de-globalization on development: Comparative analysis of an emerging market (India) and a developed country (USA)

Strategists observe that the world is moving toward deglobalization thinking, and developed states have already marked their beginning. In this study, we have tried to analyze how the impact of globalization is different in the case of an emerging market country and a developed country. We have chosen India for our study because of its robust growth in manufacturing and business-friendly policy reforms. On the other hand, we have taken the case of the United States pertaining to the recent policy reforms it has undergone. We have employed the SAP-LAP approach to analyze the country's case situation. This research finds that India’s way of managing globalization has positively affected its dominant performance domains like employment rate, GDP growth, and poverty. Conversely, in the case of a developed country like the United States, globalization has adversely impacted the dominant performance areas, particularly GDP, employment generation rate, and poverty.     

敬、礼、完美与现代政治哲学

对于当代儒家政治哲学来说,敬、礼和完美这三个相连成系的概念既是一种挑战,又是一种机遇。作为挑战,是因为批评家们认为这些思想应为儒家政治思想过去的失败与现在的不相关性负主要的责任;但是,如果这些概念能够通过面对挑战并对批评家们的批评进行回应的方式来理解,那么,这将给儒学提供一个机会,使之在世界政治哲学的对话中作出重大的贡献。文章通过对陈素芬和墨子刻的批评的回应,以面对这种挑战并试图寻找存在的机遇。这两位思想家都不承认那种一般认为是能够表现儒家政治思想特色的完美主义。但是,这两个人同时被吸引到一种能够使人坚定向前的态度,这种态度有时被他们称为“信仰”。文章认为,人们可以在一种开放的、易谬主义的角度去理解儒学对完美的承诺,完美的这层含义可以构成敬的观念的基础,而敬正好符合两位批评者所感受到的对某种“信仰”的需要。完美和敬可以帮助我们说明为什么儒学十分敏锐地坚持把礼作为我们政治生活的核心。     

中国新诗成就与前景(笔谈)

新诗产生于以反对文言文、提倡白话文为主要内容的文学革命中,至目前尚不足百年。对于中国新诗的成就,过去的评论者大都估价偏低。如在１９５６年,朱光潜先生就曾在《光明日报》撰文,说新诗给人有“一览无余之感”,像旧诗那样“‘言有尽而意无穷’的胜境在新诗里是比较少见的”,这是因为新诗人‘过于信任‘自然流露’,结果许往往成为分行的散文,而且是不大高明的散文,这样就当然不能产生诗的语言所应产生的美感”。文章发表后,曾引起争论,直到现在,许多人仍持这种观点。其实,对新诗价值判断的后面,往往都有一个辉煌的古代诗词的潜在参照系存在。中国古代诗词有几千年的历史,而新诗尚不足百年,怎样估价新诗的成就,新诗将向何处去,确实值得认真探讨。本刊现邀请了当今比较活跃的诗歌研究者就新诗的成败得失、经验教训等问题从几个不同的角度进行讨论．以期引起学术界对此问题的关注与深入研究。     

食品包装知识、态度和行为（KAP）的调研分析

对广州市部分社区居民的食品包装知识、态度及行为( KAP )进行调查,为食品安全营养健康教育提供依据。随机抽取越秀区和白云区的社区居民进行食品包装知识、态度及行为问卷调查。被调查者的食品包装知识的平均得分4.38±1.42分,其中60岁以下女性的得分最高(5.93±1.91分),60岁以上男性得分最低(3.56±1.41分),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。报纸、网络媒体或杂志是居民获得食品包装知识的主要途径。58.08%的被调查者购买食品时会仔细看包装,但也有4.04%的被调查者表示从来不看食品包装。有78.80%的被调查者认为有必要在食品包装上标注“食品包装材料”字样,仅有7.07%的被调查者能正确认知塑料包装底部的三角形标识。生产日期及保质期是被调查者最为关注的食品包装上的信息,其次是“QS”质量安全标志,配料成分是关注度排名第3的信息。被调查居民的食品包装知识得分不高,需要加强宣教和引导,普及相关知识,提高居民对食品包装的认知和科学使用。     

Social psychology,consumer culture and neoliberalism: A response to Phelps and White (2018)

The following essay responds to three main issues raised by Phelps and White (2018) in their critical commentary on our article (McDonald, Gough, Wearing & Deville, 2017). The first concerns the lack of precision in the conceptualisation of neoliberalism and the recent threats to it as we enter a potentially new phase of capitalism. While we share Phelps and White's concern, we argue that there is value in continuing to use neoliberalism as a concept for understanding some aspects of social behaviour. As to recent threats to neoliberalism, evidence indicates that it will continue to persist in the immediate future. To deal with neoliberalism's conceptual problems in social psychology, Phelps and White advance the potential theory of a ‘market‐derived logics’. We commend the authors for pursuing this endeavor, however, we caution that care needs to be taken in its conceptualisation. Lastly, we discuss Phelps and White's disciplinary reflections on social psychology.     

Political risk and pension privatization: The case of Argentina (1994-2008)

Proponents of pension privatization in Latin America argued that systems of private fully pre-funded defined-contribution individual accounts would be better insulated from politics than was the case with public pay-as-you-go pension systems. However as the Argentinean case demonstrates, most recently with the 2008 nationalization of its private individual accounts system, transferring pension management and investment to the private sector does not necessarily reduce or eliminate political risk. In fact, the implementation of systems of individual accounts creates a new set of political risks, in part because they are a potential financial resource for governments, especially during times of economic stress. This article describes the range of political risks inherent to individual account pension systems, with specific reference to Argentina's 1994-2008 experience with privatization.     

Learning (to) taste: food,aesthetics, and education in early modern France

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the intersection between taste and education in the early modern period. The first part investigates the close connection between the sense of taste and the sin of gluttony, highlighting taste’s close association with food disorders in the late Middle Ages and early modernity. Silencing taste was by then a key aspect of the education of the body, which needed to be learned from the earliest age, at home as well as at school. The second part charts the rise of a moderate and honest gourmandise from the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries onward, accompanied by the invention of the polite bon goût and later the aesthetic taste of beauty, which contributed to a new social valorization of taste, while also complicating contemporary practices of learning (to) taste. Using a wide variety of early modern printed sources, including conduct books, religious and moral treatises, books of emblems, and treatises on the senses and on taste in particular, as well as aesthetic works, this paper sheds light on the multiple ways in which taste – of the body as much as of the mind – was used, learned, and displayed, hence revealing a transformation of the experience and understanding of taste throughout the early modern period, as well as its impact on educational practices.     

市场转型、教育分流与中国城乡高等教育机会不平等(1977-2008)——兼论重点中学制度是否应该为城乡高等教育机会不平等买单

20世纪90年代以来,城乡间高等教育机会不平等愈演愈烈。本文使用CGSS 2008数据,基于梅尔模型,首先从总体上分析了城乡教育不平等的演进过程,结果发现,城乡间高等教育机会不平等主要肇始于小学升初中和初中升高中两个阶段,而由后者产生的不平等尤为严重。继而,本文对中学阶段升学过程展开专门分析,发现在“课外补习班市场”发育过程中,受益最大的是就读于非重点初中的城镇子弟,正是这类高中候选人与同样就读于非重点初中的农村子弟在市场转型后升学机会差距的迅速扩大,导致在后续高中升大学阶段,虽然高等教育规模一再扩张,城乡居民教育机会的不平等却愈演愈烈。本文还发现,就读于重点中学的城乡子弟间升学机会的不平等并未在市场化后显著增大,因而,本文认为,重点中学制度不应为近年来日益加剧的城乡高等教育机会不平等负责。     

加入WTO可能对意识形态建设带来的影响及应对措施(上)

在世界经济全球化大背景下中国加入WTO ,不仅对我国经济基础产生深远影响 ,对意识形态也将产生重要影响。既有积极的影响 ,也可能带来负面影响。积极的一面表现为 :有利于解放思想 ,更新观念 ,提高防范意识 ;有利于文化产业发展及其管理方式转变 ;有利于扩大对外文化交流等。负面影响主要表现为 :我国加入WTO后西方 (尤其是敌对势力 )将更便于利用种种手段推行其价值观念 ,实行文化霸权主义。具体地 ,直接对党的指导思想和执政地位 ,我国传统道德和社会主义道德以及文化产业直接形成冲击。并且这种影响具有深远性和长期性。我们应未雨绸缪采取积极应对措施 :坚持马克思主义指导地位 ,加强思想道德建设 ,大力发展社会主义文化事业。     

Putting Ideas to Paper: A Guideline for Practitioners (and Others) Who Wish to Write for Publication

SUMMARY

This article offers guidelines for aspiring writers who wish to have their work published. Especially geared for practitioners, it includes suggestions for getting started, staying focused, structuring an article, understanding the writing process, overcoming frustration, coping with reviewers' critiques and enduring through to completion.     

Class and gender inequalities in different types of welfare states: the Social Citizenship Indicator Program (SCIP)

Korpi W. Class and gender inequalities in different types of welfare states: the Social Citizenship Indicator Program (SCIP) Int J Soc Welfare 2010: ??: ??–??© 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. This article considers the role of legislated welfare state institutions as mediators of effects of political and structural forces on citizens' levels of living of relevance to inequalities in health and mortality. The focus is on institutional structures of welfare state programmes relevant to class inequality, as indicated by income inequalities, and to gender inequality, conceived of as differences in agency. I introduce the Social Citizenship Indicator Program, a database providing quantitative and qualitative information on structures of main social insurance programmes in 18 countries from 1930 to 2000, on about 300,000 data points. It is used to delineate types of distributive institutions of relevance for income inequality. Institutions relevant for gendered agency inequality affect choices by women, especially mothers, between unpaid and paid work. Driving forces behind the emergence of differences in distributive institutions are discussed, and patterns of class and gender inequalities are outlined.     

Development and Validation of an Organizational Competency Scale (OCS) for Elder Civic Engagement Programs: A Pilot Study

Abstract

This pilot study developed and validated an organizational competency scale (OCS) for elder civic engagement programs. The OCS was used to comprehensively measure the organizational competencies at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. Thirty-two formal organizations in the State of Texas participated in this study. Based on the factor analyses of data collected from these organizations, the original 31-item OCS was reduced to a 28-item, seven-factor scale. The derived factors were client discovery with support, client-centered planning and management, client assessment and training, integration of diverse groups, promotion of adaptation between groups, integration of resources to address the structural constraints, and promotion of social recognition and social justice. Findings from the reliability tests and hierarchical regression analysis supported the reliability and criterion-related validity of the OCS. As a reliable and valid tool, the OCS can be used by formal organizations to evaluate the current competencies, identify areas for improvement, and find future directions for organizational development. It can also serve as practice guidelines to help organizational practitioners integrate available resources within the multi-level systems to better engage older participants. To further test the stability of the OCS and evaluate the overall fit of the structural model, additional research is needed.     

20世纪前半期的新历史考证学及其历史地位

新历史考证学是 2 0世纪历史学学科化建设的重要环节 ,是历史研究的重要组成部分 ,是获得历史认识的基础 ,尤其对研究上古史是一种切实有效的方法 ,但是它并不是历史认识的全部 ,历史研究的最终目的还是要从历史考证上升到对历史的解释。文章对新历史考证学的不同特色、基本主张及其学术成就、历史地位进行了系统论述。     

Youth Experiences Survey (YES): Exploring the Scope and Complexity of Sex Trafficking in a Sample of Youth Experiencing Homelessness

ABSTRACT

In the United States, sex trafficking victims have been identified at ages across the lifespan but young persons (under age 25) have been found to have unique vulnerabilities. At-risk youth, such as those who run away from home or those experiencing homelessness, are also at an increased risk of sexual exploitation. To better understand the scope and complexity of sex trafficking among these at-risk youth, a convenience sample of 131 homeless youth aged 12 to 25 years old experiencing homelessness recruited from Kentuckiana youth service providers completed an enhanced version of the Youth Experiences Survey (YES). Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Results indicated that 41.2% of the homeless youth were victims of sex trafficking. The sex trafficked youth were more likely to report previous self-harm behaviors, suicide attempts, and substance use. This study not only provides support for improved service delivery, but also provides essential statistics that should inform internal policy and procedures for youth serving agencies in Kentucky and Indiana. Findings highlight a need for trauma-informed interventions designed to treat not only females but also males and LGBTQ youth. Additionally, service providers should consider partnering with victim providers and clinicians to offer therapeutic groups, individual therapy, and supportive services that increase prevention, education, and wraparound care for clients. In regards to future research, findings point towards a need to better understand the role that trauma and adverse childhood experiences may play in making young people vulnerable to sex trafficking, and encourage the need for testing prevention and early intervention practices among vulnerable youth.     

文件治理中的政策采纳及其影响因素研究:基于国家和省级政府政策文本(2008—2018)数据

“文件治国”是中国国家治理的基本表现形态，不同中央政策在各地被采纳与实施的情况也是国家治理问题的核心研究议题。本文尝试突破以往政策扩散研究多只关注特定单项中央政策在各地扩散过程的局限，结合长时段大样本农村政策文本数据，对中央政府2008—2018年发布的多项农村政策在各地的扩散过程进行实证分析，相对系统地考察了中央层面的行政压力和经济激励，以及地方层面的执行能力和内在动力等因素及其交互作用对政策采纳的影响，进而对中国正式政策文件运作的基本过程和内在机制进行探讨。研究显示，自上而下的行政压力越大，经济激励越大，地方层面的执行能力越强，地方政府采纳中央农村政策的概率就越容易显著增加。从交互关系来看，中央政府对农村议题重视程度的提高会减小不同执行能力省份的政策采纳差异，也会减小不同经济激励政策的采纳差异。     

Congruence and incongruence in the perception of ‘family’ among foster parents,birth parents and their adolescent (foster) children

Over recent decades, listening to children's voices and viewing children as competent actors has gathered momentum in research as well as in practice. Acknowledging children's perspectives requires sensitive listeners who are willing, deliberately and as realistically as possible, to reconstruct children's ways of seeing. In our study, based in Norway, we investigated the views of 22 adolescents in long‐term foster care and 15 of their birth parents and 21 of their foster parents. Using Q methodology, we explored congruence and incongruence in the perception of ‘family’ among foster parents, birth parents and their adolescent (foster) children. We found three family perspectives among the adolescents. Within two of these perspectives, there seem to be more congruent understandings of the children's perspectives among the parent groups. We discuss some main implications in light of these findings. In Norway, as in many other countries, the policy of child welfare is that children first and foremost should grow up with their birth family. When out‐of‐home placements are necessary, a basic principle is that children should remain in contact with their birth family.