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1.
Jennifer Platt 《The American Sociologist》1992,23(3):23-36
Mrs. Ethel Sturges Dummer played a significant role in sociology in the interwar period, although this has been largely forgotten;
that is probably due to our lack of a name for what she did, combined with the fact that despite a high level of “professional”
activity she never held a paid job. Although she was an exceptional individual, consideration of her case draws attention
to the need to take into account, in writing the history of sociology, the important contributions sometimes made by people
who did not bear the job title “sociologist.” 相似文献
2.
Serge-Christophe Kolm 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2011,9(3):329-352
Deriving comparisons and measures of inequality from full ethical foundations was a main innovation of the 1960s and pursuing
it is still a most fruitful direction. This implies using “equal equivalents” and some principles particularly rich in meanings.
Multidimensional inequalities can be measured and compared thanks to the “equal-equivalent manifolds”. The “equal-equivalent
utility function” defines individual “welfare” cleaned of differences in sui generis individual tastes and hedonic capacities deemed irrelevant for “macrojustice”. Then, equal allocation is a deeper end-value
than equal welfare but has to be complemented by free choice for freedom, Pareto efficiency and a demanded partial self-ownership.
The result is the richly multi-meaning “equal-labour income equalization”. 相似文献
3.
Kim Sawchuk 《The American Sociologist》2001,32(1):27-49
Conclusion Mills wrote to his Oxford publisher in 1955. “One book grows out of another; the trouble is not only is there no end to it,
but after the second is pressing upon you before you can finish the first, for planning is more fun than working.” 78 Indeed,
this mode of working was common to all of Mills’ projects. He worked fast and furiously and always juggled a number of different
ideas in various stages of formation. This certainly was the case with The Cultural Apparatus. In a 1955 letter to his publisher
Mills enthusiastically said of the book “I'm into it.” He predicted, optimistically, that unlike his other books, this book
would be easy, a natural for him that “writing it will not involve the anguish that White Collar and Elites have provided.”
By 1959, however, Mills had to admit that this optimism was premature. In “The Personal Note to the Reader” he confessed that
“I've never had so much trouble writing a book as I have with this one, and I’ve never taken so much pain with the writing
of it as I’ve taken to heart the criticism of being repetitious, verbose and prone to jargon.” 79 Mills never completed the
project. By the late 1950's he became preoccupied with the political issues of “war and peace” and American foreign policy
in Cuba, the latter in particular. His health was poor as a result of a heart attack he suffered in December of 1959 on the
eve of a televised debate with an American advisor in Latin America, A.A. Berle. He became embroiled in what he understood
as necessary public work from within the media and he remained adamant about the personal significance of The Cultural Apparatus
in 1959. 相似文献
4.
Keith R. Brown 《Qualitative sociology》2011,34(1):121-141
Markets for “socially responsible” products are comprised of activists who lead protests, organize boycotts, and promote the
consumption of these goods. However, the ultimate success of these movements is dependent upon the support of a large number
of consumers whose self-professed values often contradict with their own purchasing patterns. Consumer support of socially
responsible products cannot be explained by consumer culture theories, which privilege identity, attitudes, and behavior, or mass consumption theories, which emphasize location and advertising’s influence on consumption patterns. These perspectives are informative
but unable to explain why some consumers will only buy socially responsible products while others with similar value systems
possess much more contradictory consumption patterns. I extend Collin’s theory of “Interaction Ritual chains” to show that
rituals and emotions—more than identity or coercive advertising—explain how ethical consumers are mobilized. I show how face-to-face
interactions between consumers and producers produce solidarity and motivate support for the Fair Trade movement. This paper
employs a micro-sociological approach to contribute to studies of ethical consumption in three notable ways: 1) it emphasizes
the importance of “contexts” and is able to explain contradictions in consumer behavior; 2), it contributes to our understanding
of “brand communities” by describing the micro-sociological processes that both help to build these communities and create
value within the products that organize these groups; and 3) it offers the potential to develop a predictive model for the
purchasing patterns of consumers. 相似文献
5.
Christena Nippert-Eng 《Sociological Forum》1996,11(3):563-582
This article presents a discussion of the relationship between classification systems and individuals' everyday activities.
The concept of “boundary work” is defined as the practices that concretize and give meaning to mental frameworks by placing,
maintaining, and challenging cultural categories. “Home” and “work” provide a case study for examining boundary work across
a range of realm relationships, from those that are highly “integrating” to those that are highly “segmenting.” Boundary practices
involving calendars and keys, clothes and appearances, eating and drinking, money, people and their representations (like
photographs and gifts), talk styles and conversations, reading materials and habits, and work breaks (including lunches and
vacations) are discussed. Mary Douglas's work on categorical purity helps illustrate the relationship between cognitive order
and visible behavior seen in the boundary work of home and work.
This article includes material that was published in a larger study,Home and Work: Negotiating Boundaries Through Everyday Life (1996 University of Chicago Press), after it was presented at the 1995 Eastern Sociological Society meetings in Philadelphia. 相似文献
6.
One component of the often discussed malaise in sociology has been the problem of subspecialty “drift” — applied specialties
given birth originally within the field now forming separate departments or programs. The historical and ideological origins
of this problem are discussed, focusing primarily on the schism early on in sociology between pure and applied work. Anecdotal
evidence presented from interviews with faculty in social work and criminal justice programs suggests sociology has in many
cases facilitated development of new programs. In order to evaluate the relative position of applied programs within departments
of sociology, a comparative analysis of the 1986 and 1996 Guide to Graduate Departments of Sociology “special program” and
department titles is undertaken. Contrary to the perception that applied programs are leaving sociology, results indicate
an overall increase in special programs with an applied or practice component. Furthermore, masters programs are significantly
more likely to have changed department names and to be in combined departments than doctoral programs. We suggest that while
sociology has lost ground in the applied arena to more practice and policy-oriented disciplines, program changes within departments
in the past decade may help to stem further subspecialty drift. The article concludes by suggesting that state sociological
associations are particularly well suited to play a leadership role in addressing these issues.
Dr. Bennett M. Judkins is currently doing research on community change and multiculturalism. Address correspondence to: Department
of Sociology, Lenoir-Rhyne College, Hickory, NC 28601.
Dr. Carl M. Hand is currently doing research on changes in undergraduate and graduate enrollments in sociology. Address correspondence
to: Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698. 相似文献
7.
Gloria González-López 《Qualitative sociology》2011,34(3):447-461
In this article, I introduce the concept of “mindful ethics” to describe my experiences as a feminist qualitative researcher
who has confronted ethical dilemmas in my sexuality research. Mindful ethics is informed theoretically by mindful inquiry,
grounded theory, ethics in practice, and ethically important moments. Mindful ethics has been useful in dealing with ethical
considerations throughout all stages of my sexuality research. Shifting my attention to the takenfor-granted social contexts
and circumstances surrounding informants’ life experiences has helped me deal with ethical concerns that otherwise may have
resulted in harm to informants. 相似文献
8.
Eleanor Townsley 《The American Sociologist》2006,37(3):39-66
This article takes the “public intellectual” trope as a theoretical case study, and traces how it has been used in the elite
public sphere of the contemporary United States since its coining in 1987. The analysis challenges the notion that the “public
intellectual” is primarily about broad democratic publics. It documents instead how the trope is used to frame meaning and
practice within specific intellectual publics, namely science, higher education, and journalism. By focusing on the play of
tropes around the “public intellectual” and examining the authoritative cultural members who use the trope, the trope analysis
identifies principles and strategies under contest in the journalistic, academic, and political fields of the contemporary
United States. 相似文献
9.
Norman Schofield 《Social Choice and Welfare》1999,16(3):445-470
This paper defines a fine C
1-topology for smooth preferences on a “policy space”, W, and shows that the set of convex preference profiles contains open sets in this topology.
It follows that if the dimension(W)≤v(?)−2 (where v(?) is the Nakamura number of the voting rule, ?), then the core of ? cannot be generically empty. For higher dimensions,
an “extension” of the voting core, called the heart of ?, is proposed. The heart is a generalization of the “uncovered set”.
It is shown to be non-empty and closed in general. On the C
1-space of convex preference profiles, the heart is Paretian. Moreover, the heart correspondence is lower hemi-continuous and
admits a continuous selection. Thus the heart converges to the core when the latter exists. Using this, an aggregator, compatible
with ?, can be defined and shown to be continuous on the C
1-space of smooth convex preference profiles.
Received: 3 April 1995/Accepted: 8 April 1998 相似文献
10.
Norma Williams 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(4):340-346
I attempt to show how my ideas about bureaucracy and Mexican American culture are a product of my life history and how I worked
out key features of these ideas in teaching sociology at a small university. This was made possible because strategic sponsors
helped me as an “outsider” to become a kind of “insider” within that social milieu.
Her fields of interest are bureaucracy, family, social psychology and race and ethnic relations. She is currently writing
a monograph on Mexican American family life. 相似文献
11.
Norman Schofield 《Social Choice and Welfare》1998,15(2):161-185
Suppose p is a smooth preference profile (for a society, N) belonging to a domain P
N
. Let σ be a voting rule, and σ(p)(x) be the set of alternatives in the space, W, which is preferred to x. The equilibrium E(σ(p)) is the set {x∈W:σ(p)(x) is empty}. A sufficient condition for existence of E(σ(p)) when p is convex is that a “dual”, or generalized gradient, dσ(p)(x), is non-empty at all x. Under certain conditions the dual “field”, dσ(p), admits a “social gradient field”Γ(p). Γ is called an “aggregator” on the domain P
N
if Γ is continuous for all p in P
N
. It is shown here that the “minmax” voting rule, σ, admits an aggregator when P
N
is the set of smooth, convex preference profiles (on a compact, convex topological vector space, W) and P
N
is endowed with a C
1-topology. An aggregator can also be constructed on a domain of smooth, non-convex preferences when W is the compact interval. The construction of an aggregator for a general political economy is also discussed. Some remarks
are addressed to the relationship between these results and the Chichilnisky-Heal theorem on the non-existence of a preference
aggregator when P
N
is not contractible.
Received: 4 July 1995 / Accepted: 26 August 1996 相似文献
12.
Samuel Estreicher 《Journal of Labor Research》2004,25(2):191-197
13.
Best known as the first woman graduate from MIT, and the founder of Home Economics, Ellen Swallow Richards was a Progressive
Era reformer who applied social science research techniques to problems of concern to early sociologists. As a mentor to many
women who joined the “Cultural” and “Pragmatic” feminists of Hull House, her secular theories of “Oekology” and “Euthenics”
challenged many of the models of social change prevalent in the Cambridge and Chicago academic communities. Her most radical
contribution as a feminist was her assertion that women’s unpaid labor in the home played a vital economic role in maintaining
capitalism and was the ultimate source of their second-class citizenship. She shared a belief in democracy and education as
a feminist “Pragmatist,” and laid the groundwork for the contemporary “Ecofeminist” movement. Although she was a biochemist
by training, she engaged several genera-tions of women in the application of scientific methods to the solution of contemporary
social problems. As a political organizer, much of her legacy is reflected in the accomplishments of the reform organizations
she was instrumental in founding. 相似文献
14.
15.
Edgar H. Tyson Tiffany S. Baffour Paul DuongTran 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2010,27(3):161-175
This study examined gender comparisons of adolescents in psychiatric acute care who responded to an intervention designed
to help youth self-identify strengths and coping strategies. A cross-sectional survey design and a random, census-based sampling
approach were employed to obtain data from 281 adolescents. During the study period, a small group method was used to deliver
a solution-focused, brief-therapy intervention to these adolescents. These data revealed that 38.2% identified an “arts-based”
strength, 26.7% of the sample utilized a “relational” strategy and 26.1% reported a variety of sports and physical activity
as a means of coping with crises. Controlling for psychiatric diagnosis, we found gender differences and similarities in the
types of strengths identified by adolescents in this study. One application of these results is that they support the continued
practice of engaging young clients in clinical settings using strength-based perspectives. 相似文献
16.
Based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, this article delineates a process through which members of an Orthodox Jewish
neighborhood in Los Angeles unintentionally delegate boundary work and membership-identification to anonymous others in everyday
life. Living in the midst of a non-Jewish world, orthodox men are often approached by others, both Jews and non-Jews, who
categorize them as “religious Jews” based on external marks such as the yarmulke and attire. These interactions, varying from
mundane interactions to anti-Semitic incidents, are then tacitly anticipated by members even when they are not attending to
their “Jewishness”—when being a “Jew” is interactionally invisible. Through this case, I argue that, in addition to conceptualizing
boundaries and identifications as either emerging in performance or institutionally given and stable, the study of boundaries
should also chart the sites in which members anticipate categorization and the way these anticipations play out in everyday
life. 相似文献
17.
Norman K. Denzin 《The American Sociologist》2002,33(2):105-117
“The claim that all the world’s a stage is sufficiently commonplace for readers to be familiar with its limitations and tolerant
of its presentation.” (Goffman 1959, 72, 254)
“Given that the logic of privatization....now odiously shapes archetypes of citizenship, [and] manages our perceptions of
what constitute the ‘good society’....it stands to reason that new ethnographic research approaches must take global capitalism
not as an end point of analysis, but as a starting point.” (Kincheloe and McLaren 2000, 304)
“My abhorrence of neoliberalism helps to explain my legitimate anger when I speak of the injustices to which the ragpickers
among humanity are condemned. It also explains my total lack of interest in any pretension of impartiality, I am not impartial,
or objective...[this] does not prevent me from holding always a rigorously ethical position.” (Freire 1998, 22) 相似文献
18.
Modernization theory posits a change from traditional or “collective” forms to modern or “reflective” forms of volunteering.
In a research project using a combined qualitative–quantitative approach, the motivation of 118 young Swiss adults who showed
an interest in international volunteering was investigated. Qualitative analysis revealed 12 different motives which could
be categorized into three different groups: A first group called “Achieving something positive for others,” a second group
named “Quest for the new,” and a third group of motives labeled “Quest for oneself.” Motivations of young Swiss adults for
international volunteering clearly show the characteristics of “reflexive” volunteers. Most respondents displayed a combination
of motives while for only 11% of them altruism (“Achieving something positive for others”) was the one and only driving force
behind their interest in international volunteering. The inductively constructed typology of motives can be a useful planning
device for organizations that run or intend to set up an international volunteering program for young adults. 相似文献
19.
Bruce C. Wearne 《The American Sociologist》2002,33(2):86-104
Conclusion Barber’s theory writing expressed his vocation. For him theory-user-friendliness, academic-sociological-openness, and scientific-empirical-insightful-encouragement
seem to have been synonyms. Hence, there is a hypothesis implicit to this memoire that should be tested by a full assesssment
of Barber’s academic contribution, perhaps by a doctoral dissertation. It is this: Bernard Barber has continued to contribute
sociological theory in the way he began (before his courage students to scientifically reflect upon the “paradigmatic” theory
enunciated by Parsons (and Merton), how it bad developed, and how it could he made more fruitful. This was also a special
“field of study” which gave ongoing stimulus to his studies in the sociology of science and, finally to his late-in-career
exposition of his social system theory. This would have to be confirmed by a careful study of all his works, based upon what
he wrote, the accounts of those who knew him, and of those who have studied his work as students and colleagues. It would
also involve analysis of the work of his students, colleagues, and collaborators. 相似文献
20.
Johanna Foster 《Sociological Forum》1996,11(3):523-547
Despite the many angles from which the biological phenomenon now known as “the menstrual cycle” has been addressed, no work
explicitly focuses on how social groups actually draw lines around and mentally partition these complex biological processes
into discrete temporal units. This paper examines not the meaning of “the menstrual cycle,” per se, but hegemonic Western
culture's intersubjective notions of how to carve up this inherently unstructured phenomenon in the first place. Although
sociologists of cognition have still to consider this sociomental structuring of “the menstrual cycle” as a case of mental
cartography, and sociologists of time have still to consider “menstrual time” as a case of sociotemporality, I conclude that
the mental mapping out of what constitutes the elements of this rhythm is a highly social act with serious implications for
women's lives. 相似文献