公共预算改革路径研究

尽管宪法给予了国家权力机关批准政府预算的权力,但过去预算文件过于简单或分类不太科学,缺少民主的决策和审批过程,预算不公开透明,且缺乏有效的监督.改进预算编制方法是实现公共顶算民主、透明和加强人大对公共预算更好监督的前提;加强人大代表和公众的参与,建立以人大为核心的绩效评估机制是预算科学性、合理性的保障.     

Actuarial Forecasts for The New National Pension Scheme in The Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic introduced a systemic reform of the national pension scheme as from 1 June 2003, replacing the imperfect state‐run defined benefit scheme with a substitutive scheme that is privately run. The new scheme came into being on the eve of a severe economic crisis and investment restrictions on Central Bank issues led to a negative real yield of 22 per cent in its first year of operation, although a return to a positive cumulative yield was forecast for the second half of 2005. The new scheme has been unable to increase overall coverage, requires structural and operational adjustments and has not yet credited the value of capitalized recognition bonds to individual accounts. It is thus essential to allow the thousands of older members who were transferred to the funded scheme and whose pensions will be far below what they would have been under the pay‐as‐you‐go scheme to rejoin the latter if they wish to do so, as well as to take steps to improve the transparency of the annuities market and eligibility for disability and survivors' pensions.     

The Pension Scheme in Belarus: Situation Analysis and Perspectives

Following a review of the types of pension available in Belarus and the methods used for their calculation, the author analyses the problems facing policymakers. These include the effects of changes in the socio-economic situation and a disproportionate relation between pension scheme revenues and expenditures. Reforms under way are based on the creation of a three-level retirement insurance system with the aim of raising pension levels and rationalizing pension finance. Achieving popular assent for the measures required may be difficult.     

人格权司法保护的成功与不足--评最高人民法院关于精神损害赔偿的司法解释

文章以2001年3月10日开始实施的有关精神损害赔偿的司法解释为依托,基于保护当事人的权益与在具体案件中增加法理原则的可操作性,而探讨了我国人格权司法保护的成功与不足,以期立法顺圆法理,司法定纷止争.     

The Economic and Social Impacts of the CDEP Scheme in Remote Australia

The Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme is an unusual labour market and social development program for Indigenous people. Currently the CDEP scheme employs around 36,000 Indigenous Australians and accounts for over one‐quarter of total Indigenous employment. Despite the significance of the CDEP scheme, in recent times, relatively little attention has been given to the potential for the scheme to be used as an instrument for economic and social development in remote areas of Australia. This article present new evidence on the impact of the CDEP scheme on economic and social outcomes for Indigenous people in remote areas of Australia. It is concluded that the scheme has been successful in generating positive economic and community development outcomes at minimal cost to the Australian taxpayer.     

中日韩老年人互动方案研究

人口老龄化究竟是挑战还是机遇,关键在于如何充分利用老年人力资源,推动老有所为,实现积极老龄化。参与社会,扩大交流是中日韩三国老年人的共同要求。要充分认识到当前中日韩民间交流中的老年人的作用,切实推进老年人的文化交流与民间往来。中日韩三国积极老龄化的成功经验和有效做法具有相互学习和借鉴的价值,三国在应对人口老龄化领域有着广阔的合作空间和前景。中日韩三国应长期、积极地开展交流与合作。     

安全的多层门限秘密共享方案

考虑到多层组织共享秘密,设计了多层门限秘密共享方案。本文方案安全性基于RSA密码体制、Sham ir门限方案以及哈希函数的安全性。方案中,秘密份额由参与者选择和保存,秘密分发者也不知晓。每个参与者只须维护一个秘密份额,可实现对多个秘密的共享。方案不需要安全信道,算法能够保障信息安全传送以及验证真实性。     

健全我国社会救助制度的思考

健全我国社会救助制度是完善社会保障制度、深化经济体制改革、消除贫困的必然要求。健全社会救助制度必须确立“管理统一、项目协调、对象明确、标准严格、实施简便、资金筹措多样”的改革目标;为此,应该遵循“明晰责权”、“科学划线”、“开征新税”、“国家立法”等基本思路。     

中日韩老年人互动方案研究

人口老龄化究竟是挑战还是机遇,关键在于如何充分利用老年人力资源,推动老有所为,实现积极老龄化。参与社会,扩大交流是中日韩三国老年人的共同要求。要充分认识到当前中日韩民间交流中的老年人的作用,切实推进老年人的文化交流与民间往来。中日韩三国积极老龄化的成功经验和有效做法具有相互学习和借鉴的价值,三国在应对人口老龄化领域有着广阔的合作空间和前景。中日韩三国应长期、积极地开展交流与合作。     

日本年金制度的内涵、特征及主要问题

年金问题是当前日本政治、经济、社会的一个焦点问题.上世纪90年代以后,日本经济长期疲软和少子老龄化进程加快,使日本公共年金制度面临严重危机.经济长期萎缩,加重了企业和劳动者的年金负担,直接影响公共年金收入.人口老龄化导致参保人数的逐渐减少和依靠年金生活的老年人口的增加.如何解决年金问题,是日本在21世纪面临的一个重大课题.     

康德先天图式与认识论革命

康德自称在认识论上发动了“哥白尼式革命”,但他的论断名不符实。在笔者看来,认识论上的大革命始于对康德先天认知结构思想的否定,终于对它的否定之否定,而这一工作是由历代马克思主义者逐步完成的:他们应用历史的、实践的、辩证的观点,首先解决了认识的基础、能动性与矛盾性的问题,发现了认识运动的宏观规律,继而解决了先天认知结构和后天认知结构的关系问题,进一步揭示了认识活动的微观规律,最终完成了康德带头发动而无力推进的认识论变革与创新的伟大任务。     

从奥运看《汉语拼音方案》规范化

汉语拼音方案自1958年公布后,广泛应用于汉字注音、对外汉语教学、图书编目、档案编码以及文字信息处理等方面,并在普及推广民族标准语中起了巨大的作用.现实应用中,汉语拼音还存在很多不规范的方面,比如人名地名的拼写、菜谱的翻译、地名牌交通指示牌的转写等领域都存在着不规范的现象.随着中国的国际化,对汉语拼音规范的要求越来越严格.针对这些不规范的现象,建议国家有关部门采取措施进行整顿.     

机器视觉技术的发展与应用助推高校机械类人才培养方案的改革

当前,全球制造业格局面临着重大调整,传统制造业与新一代技术深度融合,向着高精度、自动化、智能化方向发展.机器视觉技术能助力我国制造产业的升级、转型,一定程度上能帮助实现智能制造.然而,我国的机器视觉技术人才缺口大,高校对该类专业技术人才的培养滞后于企业需求,因此,该文通过分析各大高校的培养方案,进一步探索机械类人才培养...     

马克思扩大再生产公式的图解法

基于马克思扩大再生产公式中具有的两个部类不变资本积累变量,提出马克思扩大再生产公式的图解法,可以直观、简便地获得扩大再生产公式的解,以把握怎样求解一般的扩大再生产问题,特别是可以直观地发现和认识马克思扩大再生产公式有解的充分必要条件。     

日本公共养老金制度改革评析

日本从20世纪60年代初实现了"全民皆年金"以来,经过多次改革,养老金制度不断完善。随着人口出生率的下降和老年人口的增加,日本人口老龄化问题日趋严重,社会保障费用支出过大,养老金制度也受到了严峻挑战。日本历届政府都把养老金制度改革作为一项主要任务。2000年以来,日本又根据新的社会经济形势对养老金制度进行了进一步的改革。本文对进入21世纪后日本公共养老金制度的改革及面临的课题做了初步的探讨和分析。     

Clive's Kids: An Employment Scheme for Unemployable Youth

In eighteen months, one man with a second-hand utility, two worn lawn mowers, community and employer support, resulted in over sixty-eight ‘unemployable’ youth entering the workforce on a permanent basis. Clive's program is unique to Australia. (It was considered that anonymity should be maintained because adverse publicity resulted in youth programs in the area being closely scrutinized regarding participants ‘working’ and earning money.—Ed.)     

性别视角下日本养老保险制度再思考

日本养老保险制度中"离婚时厚生年金分割制度"、"遗族年金"、"第三号被保险人制度"等,直接或间接地影响着日本妇女的婚姻、就业、生育、抚养和护理,关系到妇女工作方式、生活方式的选择以及晚年生活质量.因此,养老保险制度中与妇女相关的内容,一直是日本政界、学术界、媒体和女性国民普遍关心并激烈争论的话题.20世纪80年代以来,日本养老金制度历经多次改革,特别是与妇女相关的内容几度修改.本文是从性别视角对日本养老保险制度的再思考.     

基于“庞局机理”探讨环境危机的成因与解决途径

庞局机理可以合理地解释历次经济危机的成因与路径,而当前环境问题十分严峻。基于此,我们有必要从经济领域扩展到环境领域,从庞局机理的角度对当前环境危机的成因进行重新解读。同时,本文批判了主流经济学试图把绿色经济作为经济增长新引擎的扭曲观点,并提出通过技术变革、构建生态资源价格机制、强制禁用部分高能耗资源品等方式进行庞氏变局,以期为环境危机的解决提供一个拟合良好的庞局理论模型。     

The Consequences of Implementing a Child Care Voucher Scheme: Evidence from Australia,the Netherlands and the USA

In the Netherlands, the USA and Australia, public funding has promoted parental choice by introducing a voucher scheme for child care, where parents are free to choose the provider. The policy experiments and the outcomes in these three countries provide useful information about the consequences of introducing a voucher scheme in the child care market. We show the voucher system can be effective in increasing demand, but there can be uneven supply responses. The structure of the voucher income scheme and quality controls affect the nature of the supply response. We argue that voucher schemes must take into account the complex nature of the child care market and the substitutability among free public care, private market care and unpaid household care. To secure quality and access, government also must play a coordinating role that vouchers alone cannot supply.