城市适应对流动人口主观幸福感的影响分析——以黑龙江省为例

本文采用序次逻辑回归(Ordinal Logistic Regression)的研究方法,以2012年上半年国家卫计委流动人口动态监测调查数据(黑龙江省数据库)为依据,考察了流动人口的城市适应对主观幸福感的影响。研究将城市适应解构为经济适应、社会适应、心理适应和总体留居决策四个维度,在控制相关变量的基础上,讨论流动人口总体、城-城流动人口、乡-城流动人口城市适应各维度对主观幸福感的作用。研究表明,稳定且体面的职业、一定的收入是其体验主观幸福感的基础;积极的生活方式、以老乡为主的社会网络、居住证和医疗保障资格的获得、对城市的喜爱、融入感知和留居意愿等对主观幸福感有促进作用;工作强度、对歧视的感知等有制约作用。城-城、乡-城流动人口的城市适应对主观幸福感的作用机制存在差异。     

北京地区流动人口幸福感的影响因素研究

本文基于流动人口动态监测调查数据,考察北京地区流动人口幸福感的整体面貌、异质性特征和幸福感的影响因素,构建序次逻辑回归模型,从经济、社会和心理三个层面选取指标,分析各因素对流动人口幸福感的影响。研究发现,婚姻、户口对流动人口幸福感有显著影响,工作收入增加可以显著提升流动人口的幸福感,支持"收入—消费—效用—幸福感"的传递链条。自购房的流动人口幸福概率水平高于其他群体,从事生产职业和在公有制单位工作的流动人口幸福感较低,喜欢城市、愿意融入城市等心理因素与幸福感提升密切相关。     

青年流动人才的城市选择及影响机制——基于人才特征视角

文章利用2017年流动人口动态监测数据,构建多值Logit模型,从个体特征、流动特征、经济特征三个维度,探究青年流动人才选择流入Ⅱ型大城市、Ⅰ型大城市、特大超大城市影响因素差异。回归结果显示,女性、非农户籍青年流动人才大城市偏好明显,小家庭模式增加特大超大城市选择概率;流动年限越长、流动距离越远,流入城市规模越大,基于经济原因流动,特大超大城市选择概率下降;雇员倾向规模更大城市,雇主倾向规模更小城市,职业、单位正规性越好,社会声望越高,越倾向特大超大城市,就业收入、居住支出随城市规模扩大,影响由负转正。为提高城市人才引进效率,规范城市人才引进秩序,建议应加快户籍制度改革,扩大社会资源覆盖范围;减少公共服务使用限制,保障随迁人员福利;充分发挥城市比较优势,打造核心竞争力多维体系;突出城市行业特色,完善城市行业结构。     

中国城市人口流动增长的空间类型及影响因素

文章利用2000年第五次人口普查和2010年第六次人口普查数据,从地级城市层面分析中国流动人口类型、时空变迁及影响因素。研究结论是:(1)城市人口流入符合集聚规律和规模报酬递增假说,东部发达城市地区和其他区域重要经济中心城市保持着极强的人口集聚能力。(2)城市人口流入增长主要取决于城市所能提供的"综合机会",现代性和国际性特征及生活质量成为吸引外来人口的重要"拉力"条件。(3)城市人口流动存在明显的地域差异。东部地区城市人口流入的主要拉力因素开始呈现高生活质量驱动、知识密集型和技术密集型的创新驱动及高端服务业驱动,而中西部城市流动人口增长驱动力较为复杂。(4)投资对城市流动人口增长,特别是东部和发达城市仍具有较强的驱动作用,消费等因素的影响则不突出。     

此心安处是吾乡--流动人口身份认同的区域差异研究

身份认同是流动人口社会融合的重要组成部分,受客观社会环境和主观意愿等多方面因素的影响。利用2014年“流动人口社会融合及心理健康调查”数据,使用线性回归和二元逻辑斯蒂回归方法,分析当前制度区隔与结构排斥下流动人口身份认同的地区差异,文章发现,流动人口身份认同的现状较为复杂,呈现认同意愿“内部有别”与认同结果“人地一致”的特点,即“居留意愿”较低的城市中流动人口的“入籍意愿”较高,“融入于地”状况较好的城市中流动人口“本地人身份认同”度同样较高。从区域分割视角来看,除“入籍意愿”较高外,东部大城市流动人口的身份认同状况不容乐观。同时,受流动跨越行政距离的影响,省内流动人口具有较强的“内部优势”,其身份认同状况优于跨省而来的流动人口。     

中国流动人口分布的空间格局和影响因素——基于人口普查分县数据的研究北大核心

中国第七次全国人口普查数据显示2010年以来流动人口的规模和范围持续不断扩大,在全国人口增速放缓的背景下,流动人口依然保持了每年新增超过1000万人的快速增长。人口迁移已经成为影响中国人口空间格局的最主要因素。本文基于第五次至第七次全国人口普查分县数据,系统分析中国流动人口分布的空间格局、演变特征、影响因素。结果表明:流动人口分布的空间格局总体保持稳定,主导特征是高度集聚在东部沿海城市群。但是近10年来,内陆省份的省会城市和部分地级市市区的流动人口增长较快,使流动人口分布呈现出从东部逐步向中西部分散、从超大和特大城市向中小城市分散的趋势。近年来北方流动人口增长快于南方。省际流动人口规模占比从2010年开始持续下降,省内县际流动逐渐成为主导模式。人口流动由受经济因素单一驱动向受社会和自然环境因素共同驱动转变,公共服务机会和环境宜居等因素发挥着越来越重要的作用。当前我国流动人口空间格局的多元化特征越来越突出,为未来推动市民化提出了新的挑战。市民化政策需要解决落户“供给方”(城市)和落户“需求方”(流动人口)的空间错配问题。应从精准识别流动人口的群体和空间差异入手,制定差异化的治理策略和政策工具。     

家庭规模、社会支持、健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感的影响研究CSSCI

社会经济发展使农村家庭呈现出规模小型化、结构核心化、居住离散化的趋势,农村家庭养老功能随之弱化,农村老年人口特别是农村老年女性的主观幸福感呈现下降趋势。文章应用2015年CGSS调查数据和结构方程模型研究了家庭规模、社会支持和健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感的影响机制,结果表明,家庭规模通过影响社会支持对农村老年女性主观幸福感产生间接效应;社会支持对农村老年女性主观幸福感具有直接影响,表现为社会支持力度越大,农村老年女性主观幸福感越高,同时社会支持还通过影响健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感产生间接效应;健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感既具有直接影响又具有间接影响,直接影响表现为健康状况越好,主观幸福感越高,间接影响表现为通过影响家庭规模间接影响农村老年女性主观幸福感。     

留城或返乡：城市住房对流动人口回流的影响

城市住房是影响流动人口回流的重要因素。如何降低高房价对流动人口的挤出效应，是推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略中不可忽视的关键问题。基于2017年中国家庭金融调查数据，研究住房价格和自有住房对流动人口回流行为的影响。研究发现，流入地的高房价促进流动人口回流，而在流入地拥有自有住房则降低了流动人口回流的概率，并且在流入地拥有自有住房减弱了高房价对回流的促进作用。分地区看，高房价的挤出效应仅在中西部地区显现，在东部地区没有得到证据支持；分城市规模看，随着城市规模扩大，住房价格的挤出效应先增强后减弱。这些结论为完善住房市场体系、深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略提供依据。     

城市流动人口社会融合的过程、测量及影响因素

本文提出流动人口的社会融合是一个逐步同化和减少排斥的过程,是流动人口对城市的主观期望和城市的客观接纳相统一的过程,是本地人口和外来移民发生相互交往和构建相互关系的过程。本文通过模型分析,验证了流动人口社会融合影响因素的三个假设,即流动人口的个人和家庭状况影响社会融合;流动人口的社区参与和社会资本影响社会融合;城市的制度安排影响流动人口的社会融合。     

代际差异视角下农民工主观幸福感影响因素分析

本文采用Logistic回归方法,基于CHIP数据,从身心健康、家庭状况、经济状况、工作状况、保障状况等方面选取健康水平、子女个数、个人月收入、每周工作时间、是否有保险和公积金等13个指标,对农民工主观幸福感进行研究。本文从代际差异的视角考察并证实新老两代农民工主观幸福感不存在显著差异,但主观幸福感的影响因素在新老两代农民工间存在显著差异。具体体现为:对新生代农民工而言,是否有一份稳定的工作以及享有充分权益和保障对其主观幸福感具有显著影响;身心健康因素均对新老两代农民工主观幸福感有显著影响,老一代农民工与新生代农民工相比,主观幸福感更容易受到身心健康因素的影响。     

流动人口在城市劳动力市场中的地位:三群体研究

关于流动人口在城市劳动力市场中的地位问题,过去已有大量文献,但研究重点是农民工。这里把外来市民纳入观察视野,利用2008年"迁移和流动劳动力与中国大城市发展"调查数据,分析工资收入和社会保险参与的影响因素。主要研究发现:在工资收入上,不同户籍身份劳动者之间没有净差异;在养老保险和工伤保险参与上,本市居民、外来市民和农民工参与的可能性依次递减。这意味着,工资收入已经基本上由劳动力市场决定,而社会保险参与依然与户籍身份有关。不过,这种关联方式已经从过去的城乡户籍身份歧视转向本地/非本地权益差异。     

The Relationship Between Age and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Five Capital Cities in Mainland China

Since the mid-60s of the twentieth-century, the researchers have made lots of studies on the relationship between age and subjective well-being (SWB), and yielded some contradictory conclusions. By using an urban sample (N = 3,099) from five capital cities in Mainland China, this paper presents some new evidence on this issue in the Chinese context. The paper reconfirms a significant relationship between age and subjective well-being, and argues that different measure instruments of subjective well-being lead to different types of relationship. It is partly testified that subjective well-being follows approximate U-shape across age groups, and the minimum point lies in the age band 45–49. It is also found that age is not always a strong significant predictor of subjective well-being when a different dependent variable was adopted to multiple regression analysis. It is suggested that the researchers should pay more attention to the specific content of subjective well-being while examining the relationship between age and subjective well-being.     

Gender, Unemployment and Subjective Well-Being: Why Being Unemployed Is Worse for Men than for Women

This paper tries to explain why unemployment has such a severe effect on the subjective well-being of people. It is already known that unemployed have among the lowest levels of subjective well-being of all people. This paper explains and tests why this is so. The explanation is based on the social production function theory. This theory states that ultimately people strive for physical well-being and social approval. Because unemployment affect both physical well-being and social approval its effect is so large. We elaborate this explanation to account for the differences between men and women. Because men and women have different ways of achieveing social approval unemployment is more detremental for men than for women. We further analyze differences between single men and women and married men and women to test the explanation that is put forward. Using the European Social Survey held in 2004 the hypotheses are tested. We do find that having a job is one of the main factors affecting subjective well-being, that this effect is bigger for men than for women and that women profit from the jobs of their partners whereas men do not.     

The Relationship between Subjective Well-being and Domain Satisfactions in South Africa

This paper examines the relationship between subjective well-being and domain satisfactions. In the past different models have been specified. The most commonly applied model is the bottom-up model in which domain satisfactions affect subjective well-being. The more recent top-down model suggests a reversed relationship. Finally there is the supposition that the correlations between these variables can be spurious due to the effect of personality characteristics. Empirical research has shown that different models are found for different domains and in different countries. Focussing on the effects of the domain satisfactions of finances, housing and social contacts it has been found that subjective well-being is mainly affected by satisfaction with social contacts in Western developed countries and by satisfaction with finances in East European countries. The question we should like to answer in this study is whether a similar pattern obtains for the factors which influence subjective well-being among the different race groups in South Africa. Interestingly, coloured people and Asians did indeed show the expected effects but the groups with the most extreme living conditions did not. Evaluation of life circumstances by black and white South Africans was determined by expectations for the future rather than by current living conditions. This surprising result is discussed in the light of the political situation in South Africa.     

新生代农村流动人口内部生活满意度差异研究--以江苏省为例

新生代农村流动人口正逐渐成为中国农村流动人口的主体。与老一代相比,新生代农村流动人口具有较为不同的客观经济社会属性和主观认知特征,而其生活满意度又将影响其未来的市民化决策。本文基于2012年江苏省外出青年农村流动人口调研,运用结构方程模型研究发现,新生代农村流动人口内部已出现较为明显的年龄差异。对于影响生活满意度的因子,新生代农村流动人口客观属性上的差异主要体现在所处生命周期的不同,而主观认知的不同则更多体现了时代背景的变化。     

A Measure of Well-Being Across the Italian Urban Areas: An Integrated DEA-Entropy Approach

In recent years, there has been an increasing proliferation of initiatives focusing on the concept of quality of life and well-being. At the centre of these studies there is the recognizing that the GDP offers only a partial perspective of factors affecting people’s lives. Following this line of the research, this paper is aimed at computing the well-being efficiencies of a sample of Italian Province capital cities, using a methodological approach that combines data envelopment analysis (DEA) with Shannon’s entropy formula. To avoid subjectivity in choosing a representative set of variables that proxy the phenomenon under study, we rely on the theoretical framework adopted by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) within the equitable and sustainable well-being (BES) project. The dashboard of indicators included in the analysis are related to the Ur-BES initiative, promoted by ISTAT to implement the BES framework at cities level. In a first step of the analysis, an immediate focus on separate dimensions of urban well-being is obtained by summarizing the plurality of available indicators through the building of composite indices. Next, the adopted integrated DEA–Shannon entropy approach has permitted to increase the discriminatory power of DEA procedure and attain a more reliable profiling of Italian Province capital cities well-being efficiencies. The results show a marked duality between the Northern and Southern cities, highlighting important differences in many aspects of human and ecosystem well-being.     

The differential migration of population in China: the analysis on sample survey data on urban population migration in 74 towns]

The paper analyzed data from a migration survey in 74 Chinese cities and towns in 1986. Several characteristics of the migrant population were found from the data analysis. The biggest proportion of migrants was in 20-24 age group. This age group sent 26.1% of the migrants to metro-cities, 27.6% to large cities, 25.1% to median sized cities, 22.4% to small cities, and 22.2% to towns. Migrants in the 15-29 age groups accounted for 50% of the migrants to different-sized cities and towns. Female migration is 4.2-15.4% lower than male. The proportion migrating because of marriage ranged between 84/7-92.5% to different-sized cities for females, which is much higher than for males. The level of education in the migrant population is higher than in the general population, as educational qualifications are important for job opportunities. Those with middle school and above education, make up the bulk of the migrants, and 30-40% of the migrant population to big cities increased their educational level after migrating. The currently and never married comprise, the majority of the migrant population, while the number of widowed and divorced is minimal (2 and 0.4%, respectively). Most of the widowed were 60 years old and migrated for subsistence to cities where their children lived. Among the unmarried migrants, female make up 1/3. Whereas among the married, there are more females than males.     

中国城市外籍移民管理研究

近些年来,随着中国经济实力增强、移民者强烈的改变生活条件与生存环境的内在愿望以及其他原因,导致中国人口跨界转移改变了以往单向流动的格局,许多外籍移民涌入中国城市。虽然外籍移民的出现,会给中国城市带来一定的活力,但是由于这是一个新现象,因此,中国城市管理当局在管理外籍移民时存在着主观上认识不到位和管理制度不健全等方面的不足。为了解决这些不足,除了完善相关法律法规外,还应提高管理人员的综合素质,并采取趋同管理办法。     

Family Structure and Subjective Economic Well-Being: Some New Evidence

The paper investigates the main socio-demographic and economic determinants of subjective economic well-being in different typologies of households. Previous studies have used dummy variables to explore the effect of family structure. In this paper, however four different models—one for each family typology—have been estimated to test if each selected explanatory variable is significant and how it acts in determining the level of subjective economic well-being. To achieve this, we apply an under-used logit model—the partial proportional ordered model. Our analysis, based on data from the 2005 Italian Survey on Income and Living Conditions highlights the main variables affecting the subjective economic well-being of all household typologies. These main variables are related to income adequacy, such as being able to afford housing, clothes and holidays, and also include the work-status and level of education of the respondent. These variables produce notable differences in the level of subjective economic well-being. We find that couples with no children have the highest level of perceived economic well-being, while couples with two or more children and even more so one-person households are more economically insecure.     

改革开放后北京、上海、广州对流动人口的经济拉力因素的分析

本文以推拉理论建立多元线性模型并运用逐步回归的方法,分析改革开放后北京、上海、广州吸引流动人口流入的经济因素。结果显示流动人口主要依据微观经济因素做出流动迁移决策;不同城市对流动人口产生拉力的具体的微观经济因素不尽相同,即使有相同经济拉力因素的城市,拉力的大小也有差异;三城市的流动人口就业的分布不同,广州流动人口就业集中分布于第三产业,北京和上海则不然。