组织模块化对组织价值创新的影响:基于产品特性调节效应的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

组织模块化所催生的竞合机制与模块整合模式充分彰显了开创价值创新的优越。本文以产品特性为调节变量,对组织模块化与组织价值创新之间的影响机制进行了实证分析。结果显示,在组织模块化过程中,单纯的组织结构构建并不能够带来企业的价值创新,只有制度设计才是组织模块化价值创新的深层诱因;而引入结构构建匹配后,模块化制度设计对组织价值创新的影响更加显著,这在某种程度上说明了产业模块化向组织模块化过度的必然性;在行业表现出产品设计信息的高度依赖性和信息较难写入介质等特性时,组织模块化将难以开展,并由此影响组织价值创新,也进一步明确了模块化的行业适用范畴。     

组织模块化能否提高制造企业服务创新绩效?——基于组织信息处理理论的视角

数字化时代,制造企业通过组织模块化设计提升服务创新绩效成为服务化转型的重要途径,然而关于组织模块化能否以及如何提升制造企业服务创新绩效的研究还很缺乏.本研究从组织信息处理理论出发,探讨组织模块化发挥作用的内在机制.通过对285家制造企业的问卷调查发现:(1)组织模块化设计有助于提升制造企业服务创新绩效;(2)大数据分析能力在组织模块化和制造企业服务创新绩效之间具有中介作用;(3)组织敏捷性完全中介组织模块化和制造企业服务创新绩效的关系;(4)存在组织模块化-大数据分析能力-组织敏捷性-制造企业服务创新绩效的链式中介效应;(5)环境竞争性正向调节大数据分析能力和制造企业服务创新绩效的关系,表明随着环境竞争程度的提高,大数据分析能力对制造企业服务创新绩效的作用显著增强;(6)环境竞争性对组织敏捷性与制造企业服务创新绩效之间关系的调节作用不显著,然而无论环境竞争程度如何,提高组织敏捷性都能够正向影响制造企业服务创新绩效.本研究深化了组织模块化及其作用和优势的研究,并为数字时代制造企业组织架构创新、服务化转型等提供了借鉴.     

产品模块化对组织绩效的影响：中国情境下的实证研究

产品模块化问题越来越引起学术界和企业界的重视,但是理论上关于产品模块化能否提升组织绩效以及其作用机制尚不清晰。在理论推演的基础上,通过实证研究探讨了产品模块化对组织绩效的不同影响机制。研究发现,产品模块化除了直接影响企业的短期绩效外,还会通过提高企业的门槛能力和重要性能力来提升短期绩效水平;另一方面,产品模块化通过提高技术创新水平来提升企业的未来性能力进而影响增长绩效。创新之处在于,对之前学者的研究模型做了进一步的整合与发展,证明了处于经济转型的中国情境下,产品模块化对企业短期绩效和增长绩效的不同影响机制。最后讨论了本研究对当前管理实践的启示和未来研究方向。     

企业组织模块化动因探析

本文从制度演化的视角，从企业与环境两个层面入手，探讨了企业组织模块化的动因，并通过外生性动因与内生性动因的交互作用，对企业组织模块化的形成与扩散进行了探索。     

基于模块化网络组织的知识流动研究

模块化网络组织是新经济时代兴起的一种新型产业组织形式,它为知识流动提供了网络平台,同时它的组织特性又有利于促进知识流动和整合.知识流动能够提升模块化分工水平,推动网络组织升级和技术创新,化解模块化风险,从而增强模块化网络组织的竞争优势.本文引入企业知识理论,分析了模块化网络组织与知识流动的耦合机制以及模块化网络组织环境下知识流动的动态过程、动力机制和主要模式.     

模块化、产业标准与创新驱动发展——基于战略性新兴产业的研究

在创新驱动发展背景下,中国需要高效的产业组织提升自主创新能力,占领全球产业链高端.模块化产业组织实现了生产要素的动态融合,使创新自发地涌现,有利于中国创新驱动发展战略的实现.产业组织模块化是一个产品契约和要素契约的动态融合过程,有初始融合成本,高效产业标准能降低融合成本.构建GMM动态面板数据模型研究产业组织模块化对战略性新兴产业全要素生产率的影响.实证研究发现:模块化会降低当期的全要素生产率,但会提高滞后期的全要素生产率;公共品性质的产业标准对全要素生产率有显著的正向影响,而非公共品性质的产业标准对全要素生产率有显著的负向影响;模块化程度对技术效率的正向影响比较显著;1G-3G移动通讯技术标准对相关产业全要素生产率有较显著的影响;产业环境变量对全要素生产率的影响各不相同.     

基于组织演化的企业模块化能力研究

模块化理论在技术设计领域中的应用日趋成熟,在企业组织设计中也逐渐地受到关注.然而,技术模块化的方法在组织动态演化中正受到挑战.本文认为企业是一个复杂的知识系统,从组织演化的角度探索了企业模块化的基本原理,指出了模块知识基的完备性是组织模块化的基本准则,以及组织知识基的可分割性是组织模块化的条件,从而探索了企业模块化能力提升的路径.     

组织模块化的研究综述

本文介绍了组织模块化的起源,基于全系统的思路,从组织模块化是什么、为什么要组织模块化、如何组织模块化和组织模块化后怎样等4个方面进行了综述,并探讨了组织模块化理论研究进展中的局限性,提出了有待于进一步研究的问题。     

企业创新战略视角下产业模块化动力机制研究——基于计算机产业史的考察

采用纵向案例研究方法,对计算机产业从大型机时代向PC机时代的演进历程进行了考察,对产业模块化的动力机制进行探索分析。认为由企业间竞争而激发的创新战略是产业模块化的主要驱动力量：产业演化初期,有实力的在位企业会通过激进式创新,完成产品从一体化向模块化的转换;在此背景下,新进入者会从“低端价值模块”进入,采用模块创新策略逐渐瓦解在位企业所垄断的一体化价值链;新进入者也会利用破坏创新技术,采取“低端客户进入”与开放技术标准等策略,来破坏在位企业的竞争优势,加速产业模块化。     

企业间模块化及其对产品创新的影响

大规模定制导致的内部和外部多样性之间的矛盾的解决依托于产品的模块化设计和生产催生了企业间模块化。本文将企业间模块化环境分为四种类型并探讨了其对模块层次和架构层次的产品创新的影响。结果表明,虽然模块化的出现是为了减少企业间的相互依赖性,但实际上它只是维护了当其它模块变化时另一模块保持不变的独立性,却大大损害了当其它模块不变时另一模块寻求改变的独立性。另外模块化在促进模块层次的创新的同时压抑了架构层次的产品创新。     

Organizational Improvisation: A Consolidating Review and Framework

Organizational improvisation is increasingly recognized as a relevant area of management research. However, the cumulativeness of research on improvisation in organizations remains low. This paper organizes existing contributions on organizational improvisation within a new consolidating framework combining degrees (minor, bounded and structural) and levels (individual, interpersonal and organizational) of improvisation. The proposed degree/level framework allows for reviewing the existing literature on organizational improvisation in the management disciplines of strategy, organizational behaviour, organizational theory, innovation and marketing in a systematic manner. It also exposes potential areas for future research across management disciplines, research areas, organizational settings and industries, and beyond existing metaphors, most notably of jazz and improvisational theatre.     

Organizational Learning: A Radical Perspective

The teamworking and knowledge management fields are increasingly converging. Teamworking is turned to with a growing disillusion with knowledge management approaches that are seen as excessively 'hard', 'objectified', or 'information technology dominated'. This paper is a critical review, the purpose of which is to survey the literature across several fields that provide insights into teamworking aspects of knowledge management, and the reverse. This approach is chosen as disciplines tend to sustain presumptions and preoccupations that may be contradicted by other fields, as is shown. In particular, the review challenges what is referred to as the 'organizational behaviour textbook theory of teamworking' and refers to research and theory from several disciplines that qualify what is still an influential orthodoxy. The paper attempts to draw together some principles from current themes such as collective mind, modularity, cross-functional teams and communities of practice.     

Product Modularity,Process Modularity,and New Product Introduction Performance: Does Complexity Matter?

Modularity has the potential to impact various facets of new product introduction performance including product development lead time, frequency of new product introduction, on time introduction and product innovation. The impact of modularity on new product introduction performance, however, may vary for different levels of product and process complexity. This study empirically investigates relationships between perceptual measures of product modularity, process modularity, and new product introduction performance and explores whether an objective product/process complexity measure moderates these relationships. Using survey‐based methodology we probe both manufacturers of technically simple products and technically complex products. Hierarchical regression models are used to test hypotheses concerning the main effects of product and process modularity and the effects of their interactions with complexity on new product introduction performance. The results show that the main effect of product modularity was positive and its interaction with complexity was disordinal and negative, suggesting that the positive effect of product modularity on new product introduction performance is dampened when complexity is high. For process modularity, only the interaction effect (positive) was statistically significant and it was also disordinal in nature. Thus, the effect of process modularity on new product introduction performance is heightened when complexity is high. The implications of these findings are discussed and more specific theoretical and managerial implications are delineated by examining the impacts of these main and interaction effects on individual measures of new product introduction performance (frequency of new product introduction, product development lead times, product innovation, and on‐time product launch).     

组织模块性与动态能力:基于巨人通力电梯公司的探索性案例研究

利用探索性嵌入式单案例研究,以高速发展的中国电梯行业中具有代表性的中外合资企业为分析样本,探讨了组织的模块性结构和动态能力之间的因果联系。研究发现了"组织模块性增强在先、动态能力提升在后"的因果关系线索,并进一步深入分析,提出了组织模块性正向促进动态能力的初步理论命题。     

市场导向对组织创造力的非线性作用机理——组织二元结构文化与创业导向的影响研究

在我国加快实施创新驱动发展战略中,如何提升企业组织创造力以促使企业创新变得至关重要。企业战略是影响组织创造力和创新的重要情境因素。市场导向和创业导向是新兴经济体国家的企业发展的战略核心。然而,现有研究对市场导向与企业创造性产出之间关系的观点却不一致。创业导向如何影响市场导向对组织创造力的作用也尚未得到关注和研究。本研究以145家企业的979份高层管理人员与核心员工的套问卷数据为样本,研究发现：市场导向对组织创造力产生倒U型影响,且倒U型影响通过二元结构文化（一致性文化与适应性文化）的不同传导机制而产生,即：一致性文化在市场导向与组织创造力之间正向中介效应随市场导向的增强而减弱,并在高度市场导向时转变为负向中介效应,而适应性文化在市场导向和组织创造力之间发挥部分中介效应。研究还发现：市场导向对组织创造力的倒U型影响受创业导向的调节作用,即：当创业导向较高时,市场导向对组织创造力的积极影响随市场导向的增强而逐渐增强,反之,则逐渐减弱。研究结论为提升企业组织创造力提供新的思路和理论参考。     

Inter‐organizational Cooperation and Environmental Change: Moderating Effects between Flexibility and Innovation Performance

The paper investigates the moderator effect of inter‐organizational cooperation in the relationship between workplace flexibility and innovation performance. This research question is important because innovation is dependent on the strategic integration of technological knowledge, requiring organizations to acquire new capabilities rapidly or to ensure the presence of knowledge that may be beyond existing internal capabilities. Inter‐organizational cooperation constitutes a relevant mechanism for a firm to increase its knowledge base concerning new products and processes. High‐cooperation firms may have more opportunities to take advantage of flexibility for innovation performance because it facilitates the access and dispersion of knowledge within the firm. We test the research hypotheses in a sample of manufacturing and service firms. The results contribute to the literature on flexibility and innovation because they demonstrate that inter‐organizational cooperation moderates the relationship between flexibility and innovation performance. We discuss the implications of these results for future research and managerial practice.     

Service Architecture and Modularity*

An understanding of the nature of service architecture and modularity is crucial to service design and innovation. Two sets of approaches are developed that further our understanding and support decision making. First is a systematic decomposition approach to architecture modeling that allows organizations to understand their current architecture, evaluate alternative architectures, and identify key interfaces between different parts of the service. Second, the article develops a service modularity function (SMF), a mathematical model indicating the degree of modularity deriving from unique services and the degree to which the modules can be replicated across a variety of services. Three areas are identified that can contribute to competitiveness: the possession of unique service modules or elements not easily copied in the short term by competitors; the ability to exploit these through replication across multiple services and/or multiple sites; and the presence of a degree of modularity, which in turn supports both customization and rapid new product development. The SMF can support decision making in the design of services and the exploitation of service innovation. In particular, the relationship between architecture and modularity and the roles of service contact personnel in the customization of services is shown to be complementary. It is proposed that service customization can be either combinatorial (the combination of a set of service processes and products to create a unique service) or menu driven (the selection of one or more services from a set of existing services/products to meet customer needs).     

Open innovation and organizational features: An experimental investigation

This paper reports experimental results on open innovation in which free-riding, efficiency and spillover depend on the ability to affect the number of innovation contributors, and the modularity of the innovation task. This paper provides a tractable laboratory setting that relaxes the restrictive assumption of the theoretical literature that costs of development are independent across individuals. We have induced more distributed problem solving and spillover of knowledge when the process is more non-modular. When efficiency is measured as the percentage of profits made over maximum profits, small groups were more efficient than large groups in the non-modular production environment and efficiency was higher in the modular production environment irrespective of group size. Significantly, there was a higher percentage of spillover in the non-modular production environment, especially for large groups.     

组织创新、组织学习与绩效——一个调节效应模型的实证分析

以我国珠江三角洲地区217家企业为调查对象,对组织创新、组织学习与绩效之间的互动影响,以及基于三者关系建立的调节效应模型进行了实证研究.层次回归分析结果表明,组织学习在组织创新与绩效关系之间确实具有显著的调节效应,说明组织学习的高低水平会影响组织创新与绩效之间的关系,企业组织学习的水平越高,组织创新对绩效的促进影响作用越显著.