网络能力、资源获取与新企业绩效关系实证研究

网络能力是在网络导向驱动下,利用关系技巧和合作技巧进行一系列网络构建和网络管理活动,以实现资源获取目标的能力.在中国转型经济时期,网络能力对于新企业克服资源约束,实现生存和成长具有重要作用.拓展了网络能力的理论内涵,将网络能力划分为网络导向、网络构建和网络管理三个维度,建立了网络能力、资源获取与新创企业绩效关系模型,以322家新企业为样本进行实证分析.研究结果表明,网络导向对网络构建和网络管理具有显著正影响,网络构建和网络管理对知识资源获取和运营资源获取具有正影响,知识资源与新企业绩效显著正相关,知识资源获取对运营资源获取具有正影响.研究结论还表明运营资源对新企业绩效无显著影响,但知识资源可以加强两者之间关系,说明新企业只有具备很强的资源管理能力才能将运营资源转化为企业绩效.     

企业网络能力结构的测评及其对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究

针对企业网络能力有效测度和实证研究的不足,本文从网络愿景、网络构建、关系管理和关系组合四个维度开发和设计了企业网络能力的测度量表,运用来自中国企业的346个调查数据和结构方程方法实证检验了这些因素通过外部网络结构的中介作用对企业创新绩效的影响机理。研究表明:网络愿景、网络构建、关系管理和关系组合对企业创新绩效具有明显促进作用,而联系强度和网络位置在两者之间起到了部分中介作用。     

创业企业如何构建联结组合提升绩效?——基于“结构—资源”互动过程的案例研究

在资源约束条件下,构建适宜的联结组合能使创业者从关系组合带来的资源组合效应中获益并收获成长。但已有研究大多拘泥于探讨联结组合结构特征对绩效的直接影响,未能从资源组合角度挖掘联结组合结构与绩效间的内在机理。本文基于资源依赖理论的联合依赖与非对称依赖的双重视角,建构联结组合"结构—资源—绩效"的影响机制。利用嵌入式单案例研究发现:为了克服初创期较弱的联合依赖和较高的非对称依赖,青春期创业企业建立追加式资源组合增强联合依赖,创业企业绩效较低。从青春期到成长期,创业企业建立互补式与追加式并举的资源组合以降低非对称依赖,创业企业绩效较高。从成长期到发展期,创业企业建立大范围的互补式资源组合替代追加式资源组合以降低两种依赖,创业企业绩效最高。     

同质性还是异质性:创业导向对技术创业团队与新企业绩效关系的调节作用研究

创业团队异质性在较大程度上决定了技术创业的绩效表现,但已有研究并未对"什么样的创业团队结构在何种条件下能取得更好绩效"问题给予合理解释。本文整合高阶理论与社会认同理论的研究框架,在对创业团队异质性分类基础上考察了不同类别创业团队异质性与创业绩效的逻辑关系及创业导向发挥的作用。利用新技术企业调研数据实证研究发现:创业团队社会性异质性与企业绩效呈倒U关系;功能性异质性中的产业经验异质性、职能经验异质性分别与企业绩效呈正向和倒U关系。风险承担性与先动性强化了团队异质性与创业绩效的倒U关系,而创新性作用则相反。研究结论对技术创业绩效来源研究有突出的理论启示,对技术创业团队组建与管理亦有重要的实践意义。     

动态能力如何影响企业绩效——基于中国企业的实证研究

本研究以中国企业为样本对动态能力如何影响企业绩效的问题进行了分析和探讨。数据分析结果表明,战略过程对动态能力与企业绩效的正向作用关系具有明显的中介作用。但是,不同的动态能力维度对绩效的不同方面影响程度也不同,动态外部协调能力对企业绩效各个方面影响的显著程度在所有维度中最为突出,是企业在超竞争环境中树立竞争优势的关键。此外,动态能力构成维度间的路径关系表明,动态信息利用能力在企业动态适应外部环境变化过程中具有非常重要的节点作用,是企业培育动态能力路径的关键。     

异质性资源、创业机会与创业绩效关系研究

基于资源基础理论探究了新创企业的异质性资源,并采用创业机会视角剖析资源对绩效的作用机制问题,提出了资源-机会-绩效的研究逻辑。来自山东省102家新创企业的问卷调研数据证实:具有高知识储备的人力资源和密切联系的关系资源对创业绩效有正向影响;有价值的创业机会分别在人力资源与创业绩效、关系资源与创业绩效间起中介作用。理论上,不仅甄别出影响新创企业绩效的异质性资源,丰富了资源基础理论,而且有利于完善Timmons模型以推进研究发展;实践上,为新创企业实现资源与机会的良性匹配,最终实现创业成功提供理论指导。     

企业渠道社会资本、营销能力与企业绩效的关系探讨

经济全球化与科学技术的迅猛发展,促使市场竞争的日益加剧。越来越多的企业已经认识到,要在竞争激烈的市场环境下生存并取得发展,仅仅依靠自身的资源和能力已远远不够,还要从企业所处的网络中获取资源,培养与提高自身的竞争能力。渠道分销网络是企业整体网络的重要组成部分,处于联接生产厂商与消费者的中间环节,对于沟通市场需求和产品供应起着举足轻重的地位,对企业绩效的提升有重要作用。本文在总结以往研究的基础上,从渠道社会资本的三个维度入手,构建了渠道社会资本—营销能力—企业绩效的理论模型。探讨渠道社会资本的三个维度、营销能力与企业绩效之间的关系。     

创业团队异质性与新企业绩效:领导者乐观心理的调节作用

异质性是创业团队的重要属性,也是创业研究的热点。本文研究将异质性分为两类:任务相关异质性和身份相关异质性,并分别讨论了两类异质性对新企业绩效的不同影响以及团队领导者乐观心理的调节作用。实证研究发现,在任务相关异质性中,行业经验异质性正向影响新企业绩效,而在身份相关异质性中,年龄相关异质性负向影响新企业绩效;同时,团队领导者的乐观心理正向调节行业和职能经验异质性与新企业绩效之间的关系。     

学习能力与企业绩效:知识资源是中介变量吗

基于知识观和组织学习理论,本文就以下问题展开研究:其一,探讨学习能力与企业绩效之间的关系;其二,将知识资源视为影响学习能力与企业绩效的中介变量,探讨三者之间的关系;其三,考察组织内、外部学习能力对企业绩效的不同作用路径.研究结果发现,知识资源在内部学习能力与企业绩效之间扮演着部分中介的角色;而在外部学习能力与绩效之间扮演着完全中介的角色.本项研究较为深入地揭示了学习能力、知识资源与绩效之间的关系.     

客户导向和竞争者导向的整合与企业绩效

结合市场导向和组织双元理论,讨论如何整合客户导向和竞争者导向的问题。识别出客户导向和竞争者导向的两种整合方式,即组合和平衡,探讨两种整合方式对企业绩效的直接效应及企业资源对两种整合方式与企业绩效关系的调节作用。以209家中国制造企业为对象进行问卷调查,运用多元回归分析等方法对以上直接效应和调节作用进行统计检验。研究结果表明,组合客户导向和竞争者导向会提升企业绩效,平衡客户导向和竞争者导向不能提升企业绩效。企业的营销能力和规模显著调节不同整合方式对企业绩效的作用,企业营销能力负向调节平衡方式对绩效的影响,正向调节组合方式对绩效的影响;企业规模会正向调节平衡方式对绩效的影响,但不能显著改变组合方式对绩效的影响。最后,提出企业根据营销能力和企业规模的特点对客户导向与竞争者导向进行整合的相关建议。     

Competitive Dynamics between Multinational Enterprises and Local Internet Platform Companies in the Virtual Market in China

We adopt the dynamic capability perspective and the institutional view as the guiding theoretical lenses to explain the relative performance of foreign internet platform companies (IPCs) operating in China. Based on data obtained from 51 interviews a multiple‐case‐study approach is adopted, with representative matched cases between foreign IPCs, including Google, eBay, Amazon and Groupon, and local IPCs. The findings highlight the unique characteristics of the IPCs and the Chinese context that challenge assumptions prevailing in the literature of the applicability of firm‐specific advantages in determining a sustainable competitive advantage. We highlight the dynamic capabilities of the firm, such as flexibility and experimentation, in contributing to sustainable competitive advantage. Further, rather than focusing on firm‐specific resources, we find that the active agency of the firm can approach institutions as resources through external links with diversified institutional players, which is crucial for multinational enterprise IPCs to develop sustainable competitive advantage. Drawing on the findings we present a number of propositions and implications for theory and practice.     

Embeddedness of Organizational Capabilities*

Managers must regularly make decisions on how to access and deploy their limited resources in order to build organizational capabilities for a sustainable competitive advantage. However, failure to recognize that organizational capabilities involve complex and intricately woven underlying processes may lead to an incomplete understanding of how capabilities affect competitive advantage. As a means of understanding this underlying complexity, we discuss how managerial decisions on resource acquisition and deployment influence capability embeddedness and argue that capability embeddedness has an incremental effect on firm performance beyond the effects from organizational resources and capabilities. To investigate these issues, we present a hierarchical composed error structure framework that relies on cross‐sectional data (and allows for generalizations to panel data). We demonstrate the framework in the context of retailing, where we show that the embeddedness of organizational capabilities influences retailer performance above and beyond the tangible and intangible resources and capabilities that a retailer possesses. Our results illustrate that understanding how resources and capabilities influence performance at different hierarchical levels within a firm can aid managers to make better decisions on how they can embed certain capabilities within the structural and social relationships within the firm. Moreover, understanding whether the underlying objectives of the capabilities that are being built and cultivated have convergent or divergent goals is critical, as it can influence the extent to which the embedded capabilities enhance firm performance.     

企业超常业绩成因试析--基于资源能力观的经济租金理论解释

本文运用基于资源能力观的经济租金理论,对企业超常业绩问题进行了分析和阐述.与竞争优势概念相比,经济租金能够更清晰地界定企业业绩,揭示企业间存在的业绩差异.不同类型的经济租金,可以说明企业超常业绩产生所凭借内外条件的独特性.依据经济租金理论,还可对如何保持企业超常业绩的可持续性提出改进建议.     

From Temporary Competitive Advantage to Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Both industrial organization theory (IO) and the resource‐based view of the firm (RBV) have advanced our understanding of the antecedents of competitive advantage but few have attempted to verify the outcome variables of competitive advantage and the persistence of such outcome variables. Here by integrating both IO and RBV perspectives in the analysis of competitive advantage at the firm level, our study clarifies a conceptual distinction between two types of competitive advantage ? temporary competitive advantage and sustainable competitive advantage ? and explores how firms transform temporary competitive advantage into sustainable competitive advantage. Testing of the developed hypotheses, based on a survey of 165 firms from Taiwan's information and communication technology industry, suggests that firms with a stronger market position can only attain a better outcome of temporary competitive advantage whereas firms possessing a superior position in technological resources or capabilities can attain a better outcome of sustainable competitive advantage. More importantly, firms can leverage a temporary competitive advantage as an outcome of market position to improving their technological resource and capability position, which in turn can enhance their sustainable competitive advantage.     

Integrating Behavioural and Economic Concepts of Risk into Strategic Management: the Twain Shall Meet

This paper develops an integrated framework of risk management and strategic competitive advantage that incorporates behavioural and economic notions of risk. The resulting model argues for the importance of risk-taking to sustainable competitive advantage and ultimately to firm performance. The model integrates framing effects of attainment discrepancy, transaction costs from implicit contracts theory and capital costs from finance theory. The proposed model suggests that continuous risk-taking by firms may help sustain competitive advantage and thus lower firm risk. This, in turn, effectively increases market returns to shareholders by ensuring earnings growth while simultaneously reducing the risk premium discount attached to a firm’s future income stream.     

作为企业竞争优势源泉的网络治理--基本的概念分析框架和研究假设

本文以新经济形态下的网络组织交易模式--网络治理为研究对象,试图回答网络治理之所以成为企业竞争优势源泉的原因.为此,本文在新制度经济学交易成本思想的分析背景中,在治理结构连续体的基础上,将网络治理对应于这种分析背景中的混合治理模型展开分析.然后,根据经济学和管理学中已有的治理和战略、价值贡献要素以及竞争优势的规范逻辑关系,得到网络治理和竞争优势的关系.最后,本文应用资源基础论中一个关于企业战略选择价值分析的VRIO模型,尝试解析网络治理作为企业竞争优势源泉的原因,并为此提供了一个基本的概念分析框架和相应的研究假设.     

Corporate Management,Industry Competition and the Sustainability of Firm Abnormal Profitability

This paper models the sustainability of firmabnormal profitability and uses theeffectiveness of corporate managementcapabilities as a test to examine its impact onthe sustainability of firm abnormalprofitability. The role of industry competitionas a moderator between the effectiveness ofcorporate management capabilities and thesustainability of firm abnormal profitabilityis also examined. Consistent with theresource-based view of the firm, we found thatthe effectiveness of corporate managementcapabilities positively influence thesustainability of firm abnormal profitability.This implies that corporate managementcapabilities are important contributors to theentire bundle of firm-specific resources andcapabilities which enable some firms togenerate competitive advantages that aresustainable. The effectiveness of corporatemanagement capabilities has a larger influenceon the sustainability of firm abnormalprofitability for firms in lowly competitive ormonopolistic industries than firms in highlycompetitive industries. The findings supportthe notion that not only do firm capabilitiesyield sustainable competitive advantages andabnormal profitability, but also industrycompetition reinforces the impact of firmcapabilities in yielding sustainable abnormalprofitability.     

Does it pay to be eco? The mediating role of competitive benefits and the effect of ISO14001

Eco-innovation has become an important instrument to help companies reduce their environmental impact and gain a competitive advantage in increasingly competitive environments. Despite recent research conducted in this field, findings concerning the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance remain conflicting, inconclusive and incomplete. This study aimed to clarify this relationship by incorporating competitive benefits as a mediator between eco-innovation and firm performance. Three core questions are examined: How does eco-innovation influence competitive benefits and firm performance? Do competitive benefits mediate the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance? How does ISO14001 influence competitive benefits and firm performance? The study finds that competitive benefits mediate and strengthen the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance. In addition, the results reveal that ISO14001 positively affects competitive benefits and thus leads to greater competitive benefits, while the association between ISO14001 and firm performance is not found to be statistically significant. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for policy makers and companies, limitations, and future research directions.     

企业竞争能力的层次结构及其经济学分析

与其说完全竞争均衡状态下企业之间的产品具有同质性,倒不如说企业的资源能力具有同质性。资源能力的不同质量状态构成了竞争优势分析的横向分析线索;三种主流战略管理理论分别解释了竞争优势来源的三个不同层次,构成了竞争优势研究的纵向研究视角。以一般资源能力作为研究分析的理论基点,从可交易资源能力的角度,可以折射出各种资源能力对企业竞争地位和状态的影响,并为企业能力理论的研究纳入主流经济学研究范畴奠定基础。