多维环境规制下的组织目标及组织形态演变——基于中国长江三峡集团公司的案例研究

环境力量如何渗透到组织内部影响组织形态是组织理论研究的一个基本话题。本文通过案例方法,以处于战略转型中的中国长江三峡集团公司为研究对象,分析、总结其从工程建设阶段到运营管理阶段所处环境的变化、组织目标以及组织形态的演变。研究发现,组织目标作为组织边界上链接环境与组织的机制,是整合组织内外部力量和要求并赋予组织主体性的关键要素;在追求目标实现的过程中,结构安排与文化控制塑造了组织形态。环境影响组织的力量并非是单一纯粹的,而是社会性、经济性和技术性力量的混合甚至是变异;同时,环境力量是在与组织内部动机、需求的共同作用下影响组织目标的。对此过程的深层剖析发现,环境变化引致组织任务继而组织权力格局的变化,而把握权力的群体因为对组织产出和结果的控制而控制了组织目标。     

双元环境下战略人力资源管理影响组织创新的中介机制：企业生命周期视角北大核心CSSCI

当前,环境不确定性已成为组织发展常态,而推动组织创新则是应对环境不确定性的关键。本研究基于动态能力理论与资源基础理论,从企业生命周期视角出发,通过对中国400余家科技研发企业的多源问卷调研发现:首先,外部互动在战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间起部分中介作用,其中在研发企业初创期与发展期均不起中介作用,在成熟期起部分中介作用;其次,决策参与在战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间不起中介作用,但在发展期起部分中介作用;再次,外部互动与决策参与交互影响组织创新绩效,高互动—高参与组合下,组织创新绩效较高;最后,双元环境对战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间具有正向调节作用,在企业初创期不起显著调节效应,在发展期与成熟期起显著调节作用。研究结果揭示了组织学习一致性对组织创新绩效影响的匹配效应,以及双元环境在组织不同发展阶段资源转化进程中的协同效应。     

组织支持感、感知环境不确定性对接包方持续参与意愿的影响研究

以社会信息加工理论为指导,探究任务类众包平台中接包方的组织支持感对其持续参与意愿的影响以及感知环境不确定性在其中发挥的调节作用,通过对336份有效问卷进行层次回归分析以验证理论模型。研究结果发现：接包方组织支持感对持续参与意愿有显著正向作用;心理授权中介了组织支持感对持续参与意愿的影响;感知环境动态性和感知环境敌对性调节组织支持感与心理授权之间的关系;同时,调节组织支持感通过心理授权影响持续参与意愿的中介作用。     

组织政治知觉对组织公民行为的影响辨析——基于国有企业员工印象管理动机的考察

鉴于大多数研究得出的组织政治知觉和组织公民行为之间负向关系的结论与中国国有企业的实际表现并不相符,本研究基于389名国企员工样本,以印象管理动机为中介,通过SEM探讨了组织政治知觉对组织公民行为的影响机制,得出了一些与之不同的研究结论 :一般性政治行为知觉对参与公益活动有显著负向影响;保持沉默静待好处知觉对尽职行为、参与组织活动、参与公益活动有显著正向影响;政治性薪酬和晋升政策知觉对助人行为、建言行为、参与组织活动、参与公益活动有显著正向影响,而印象管理动机对尽职行为有完全中介作用,对其他维度OCB有部分中介作用,政治性薪酬和晋升政策知觉可直接正向影响OCB。研究结论表明,受到官僚政治文化和人情社会运作机制的影响,国企员工对组织政治有不同于西方员工的知觉和反应,不同维度的POP对不同维度的OCB有不同影响。     

基于员工视角的企业社会责任对工作投入影响的实证研究

构建了企业社会责任、组织认同和工作投入三者之间的研究模型,并基于员工视角将企业社会责任分为员工、消费者和环境3个维度,将组织认同分为认知、评价和情感3个维度,发现企业对员工和消费者履行社会责任对工作投入均呈显著的直接正向影响;履行环境责任对工作投入的直接影响并不显著,但可通过情感性组织认同对工作投入产生显著正向影响。研究结果表明,企业履行社会责任并非负担,而是提升员工工作投入度和向心力的重要内部行销工具。企业亦有必要加强履行社会责任的内部宣传,这样既可增强员工对企业的认同,从文化情感上吸引员工,又可提升员工的工作投入程度。     

核心能力:组织文化和组织学习作用

本文研究组织文化、组织学习、核心能力和组织绩效之间的相互影响关系,并以华南地区的139家企业为对象进行实证研究。本文的理论贡献在于证实了:(1)组织文化通过影响组织学习进而影响核心能力;(2)组织学习影响核心能力进而影响组织绩效;(3)核心能力对组织绩效有直接的正向影响;(4)组织文化对组织绩效没有显著的直接影响,但通过组织学习和核心能力的构建间接影响组织绩效;(5)组织学习对组织绩效没有显著的直接影响,但通过核心能力的构建间接影响组织绩效。本文的研究结果对于深刻理解核心能力的形成及正确认识组织文化和学习在组织管理中的作用有重要的借鉴价值。     

基于网络联盟环境的工作满意度、组织承诺与网络组织效率的关系研究

本文基于非契约机制视角,采用结构方程研究方法,对网络联盟环境的工作满意度、组织承诺与网络组织效率的关系进行实证研究.文章首先利用信度、效度分析,确定了网络联盟环境下工作满意度、组织承诺、网络组织效率的度量因素;据此,利用结构方程模型,验证了网络联盟环境下,工作满意度、组织承诺与网络组织效率的关系路径.最终得到以下结论:网络组织环境下,工作满意度正向促进网络组织效率;工作满意度正向促进组织承诺;组织承诺对网络组织效率的正向促进作用较弱;组织承诺在工作满意度正向促进网络组织效率的过程中,起部分中介作用.本文的研究结论对于利用非契约机制改善网络组织效率具有重要理论与实践意义.     

内部营销对创业型企业员工留任意愿的影响研究:组织社会化程度的中介效应

高离职率一直困扰着创业型企业的管理者。以往有关离职问题的研究多聚焦在离职时,个体、组织以及组织外因素的影响方面。创业型企业员工的离职与入职是并存的。以组织社会化程度为中介变量,探讨内部营销与创业型企业员工留任意愿的关系,具有理论的创新性和现实的紧迫性。本研究以比例分层抽样法进行抽样,回收有效问卷744份。研究结果发现:内部营销中的培训发展、奖赏制度、内部沟通对留任意愿均有显著正向关系,其中培训发展有极显著正向影响;内部营销对组织社会化程度有显著正向影响;在内部营销对留任意愿的影响中,组织社会化程度有部分中介效果,另外,通过方差分析得出了部分人口统计学变量、个体特质因素和外部情景因素对主研究变量有一定影响。     

大学生社团学习型组织文化建设探析

在激烈的竞争以及内外部环境不断发展变化的背景下,构建学习型组织文化是大学生社团组织面临的重要课题。本文通过对大学生社团学习型组织文化的概念、内涵、作用的分析,并从组织环境建设、组织成员发展、组织管理模式、组织目标设立等组织内外部因素探究大学生社团学习型组织文化的构建途径,从而实现大学生社团组织文化向精品化、可持续方向的发展。     

浅析高校学生组织的组织文化建设——以浙江大学电气工程学院为例

学生组织的作用发挥直接影响高校学生工作开展质量。结合高校学生组织的特点和现状，应着力于组织文化建设，从制度文化、行为文化、精神文化和物质文化四个维度进行设计和构建。通过建立多维度的吸引触角，加强内部凝聚力、外部吸引力和综合战斗力，以应对新的挑战。     

Organizational identification and workplace behavior: More than meets the eye

Organizational identification is a theoretically profound and practically important construct. It fundamentally transforms the relationship between employees and their work organizations, because highly identified employees integrate their organizational memberships with their sense of who they are. This transformation enhances highly identified employees’ work performance and contributions to the organization. However, despite considerable research on the benefits of organizational identification for employee behavior, theorizing about this effect and its underlying mechanisms remains underdeveloped. In particular, there has not been sufficient theoretical development regarding the specific types of work behaviors that follow from organizational identification, the psychological mechanisms that underlie these behavioral consequences, or observers’ evaluations of these behaviors and those enacting them. To address these issues, we present a framework of the behavioral consequences of organizational identification as well as observers’ reactions to them. Our framework highlights two distinct motivational orientations that underlie organizational identification, one that reliably leads to conformist work behaviors and one that may lead to deviant work behaviors that violate the status quo to advance organizational interests. Moreover, our framework highlights that reactions to these behaviors will differ depending on the organization’s emphasis on means versus ends. Overall, we emphasize that the benefits of organizational identification for work behavior are not as straightforward or as widely recognized as implied in prior research.     

员工社会化、组织认同与组织公民行为——基于中国科技制造企业的实证研究

组织社会化的策略、内容及其对员工态度和行为影响的研究已经比较丰富,但在结果变量上对组织公民行为的分析和实证研究都很不足。本文选取了组织社会化中的历史、语言、价值观和目标社会化三项内容,考察它们对组织公民行为的影响及其机制,尤其是组织认同在其中的中介作用。层级回归、结构方程建模分析的结果表明,历史、语言、价值观和目标社会化正向影响组织公民行为,组织认同在语言、价值观和目标社会化与组织公民行为的关系中起完全中介作用,在历史社会化与组织公民行为的关系中起部分中介作用。     

Organizational change and rigidity during crisis: A review of the paradox

When and how do existential crises, threatening business continuity, stimulate organizational change or cause the opposite—rigid preservation of established business practices? This question remains unresolved, despite three decades of deliberations in the academic literature, which still yields contradicting theoretical arguments and empirical results. One view argues and finds support for the hypothesis that posits an amplified propensity to change within threatened organizations. The other view supports the threat-rigidity thesis, implying reinforcing habitual practices. In this paper, we provide a novel holistic typology of organizational crises and then review the literature on the topic, summarizing existing insights within a theoretical framework comprising three interrelated sequential processes: organizational cognition, decision-making, and implementation. We analyze the gaps in the field's knowledge within each process and propose a research agenda to address these voids.     

More (new) products,more problems? A systems perspective on increased capability deployment and organizational errors

The capabilities-based view postulates that organizational capabilities are a key driver of competitive advantage. However, while increasing the pace of deploying organizational capabilities, such as new product development (NPD), may enable alignment with changing environments, it may also have unintended consequences. In this study, we advance theory on these unintended consequences by investigating how the increased deployment of NPD capability leads to organizational errors. Borrowing from organizational research employing systems theory, we argue that an increase in NPD deployment may increase the likelihood of routine discoordination and, thus, the incidence of intra-firm and interfirm errors. However, we also proffer that firms can mitigate errors from increases in NPD capability deployment by engaging in distinct internal and external activities that enable the accumulation of knowledge on how to coordinate systemic change. We distinguish between internal and external errors, demonstrating that in the context of increased NPD deployments, internal voluntary investigations ameliorate internal manufacturing errors, while supplier alliances mitigate outsourced component errors. We find support for our predictions using data from new product introductions and recalls in the U.S. automotive industry. This study sheds light on the tension inherent to accelerating the deployment of patterned organizational activities and suggests that the outcomes of deploying an organizational capability are best viewed holistically within the milieu of organizational systems the capability spans.     

The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure

There is an extensive private sector literature on organizational change management. However, recent studies have suggested that the specific context of public organizations may have consequences for the management organizational change. This study examines to what extent different change approaches and transformational leadership of direct supervisors contribute to the effective implementation of organizational change in public organizations, and to what extent the bureaucratic structure of public organizations makes the implementation of organizational change s3pecific. The implementation of an organizational change in a Dutch public organization is studied using quantitative methods and techniques. The results indicate that bureaucratic organizations may effectively implement organizational change with both planned and emergent change approaches. The contribution of transformational leadership depends on the type of change approach and organizational structure. Transformational leadership behavior of direct supervisors contributes little to planned processes of change, but is crucial in emergent processes of change in a non-bureaucratic context. Although the literature on change management mostly emphasizes the leadership of senior managers, the leadership role of direct supervisors should not be overlooked during organizational change in public organizations.     

Globalization and cultural change in international business research

The four articles in this special issue invite the reader to reflect on the impact of global business on values, ideas, and ethics around the world. In this comment, I advance four arguments that question assumptions regarding the impact of global business on culture. First, national cultures are not homogeneous and the impact of globalization on heterogeneous cultures is not easily predicted. Second, culture is not the same as cultural practice. The spread of practice does not equate with the spread of culture. Third, globalization does not represent a rupture with the past but is a continuation of prior trends. Fourth, globalization is only one of many processes involved in cultural change. By questioning these assumptions, we can build on the work of the authors of this special issue in order to develop a more accurate understanding of cultural change around the world.     

Individual and organizational strategies for coping with organizational change

During times of significant change to organizations in strategies and structures, employees can experience high levels of stress as their jobs, areas of responsibility and roles also change. Yet research is curiously silent about how people react to organizational change, especially towards promoting healthy responses to change. As a first step to outlining areas for future research this paper considers a range of individual and organizational strategies that may be effective in reducing employee stress and related problems. Prior to the implementation of these strategies, however, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change agent and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stress them. At the individual level, employees can respond to the stress created by organizational change by using problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Also important in coping with change are the personal resources of employees, including a sense of hardiness, beliefs about having control over their work environment, and the availability of social supports within and outside the organization. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees cope with change, there are a number of initiatives that organizations can pursue. Several strategies are discussed in relation to communication, leadership, job-related tasks and stress management programmes.     

Individual and organizational strategies for coping with organizational change

Abstract

During times of significant change to organizations in strategies and structures, employees can experience high levels of stress as their jobs, areas of responsibility and roles also change. Yet research is curiously silent about how people react to organizational change, especially towards promoting healthy responses to change. As a first step to outlining areas for future research this paper considers a range of individual and organizational strategies that may be effective in reducing employee stress and related problems. Prior to the implementation of these strategies, however, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change agent and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stress them. At the individual level, employees can respond to the stress created by organizational change by using problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Also important in coping with change are the personal resources of employees, including a sense of hardiness, beliefs about having control over their work environment, and the availability of social supports within and outside the organization. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees cope with change, there are a number of initiatives that organizations can pursue. Several strategies are discussed in relation to communication, leadership, job-related tasks and stress management programmes.     

市场导向与组织绩效的关系--环境与组织学习的影响

国外学者对市场导向是否影响组织绩效进行了大量的实证研究,至今没有定论,许多学者仍非常关注这个问题.改革开放以来,我国许多企业开始引入市场导向的管理观念,然而这种观念是否影响以及如何影响企业的绩效?国内外学术界尚未发表以中国大陆数据为基础的实证结果.本文以我国华南地区企业为调查对象,对市场导向是否以及如何通过组织学习影响组织的绩效,以及环境在其中的作用进行实证研究.结果表明,环境变动越快,企业的市场导向程度越高,企业的市场导向对组织绩效没有显著直接影响,但是市场导向却可以通过组织学习对组织绩效产生显著影响.