我国现代生育文化成长的基础、制约因素及其架构

从整体上看 ,我国生育文化转型和现代生育文化成长已具备了可靠的物质基础和良好的宏观环境与社会心理环境。婚育人口是新型生育文化建设中的生力军。目前我国生育文化转型依然存在着明显的掣肘因素 ,现代生育文化建设具有艰巨性和长期性 ,传统生育文化依然有它残存的土壤和道义上可以理解的生存空间。在新世纪 ,我们要通过努力营造社会大环境 ,全面建设社区小环境和建设文明幸福家庭并结合中国国情不断推进我国现代生育文化建设     

浙江临安市生育文化变迁的调查与研究--关于浙江省临安市5561对双农独女户的调查与分析

本文通过走访、座谈和问卷调查等方式对临安市的生育文化变迁作了深入的研究。首先对临安生育文化变迁的现象进行了描述,然后,从经济、文化、社会等多角度对临安生育文化变迁的原因进行了宏观和微观的分析;最后,我们从社会保障、独生子女优惠措施的落实、计划生育工作等方面对临安生育文化建设提出了一些建议。     

河北省先进生育文化建设的实践和思考

生育文化作为社会意识形态的一个重要方面,在它影响所及的范围内发挥诸多方面的作用,诸如影响和制约个人生育观的作用,酿就社会生育模式的导向作用。河北省的计划生育工作,以“三个代表”重要思想为统领,以人为本,以家庭为切入点,重建设、重创新、重实效,从大人口文化出发,面向全面建设小康社会,不断强化新型生育文化在稳定低生育水平中的独特作用和工作理念,较好地促进了计划生育工作与新型生育文化建设的谐调互动。     

关于生育文化现代化的几点思考

生育文化现代化是我国现代化建设进程中不可或缺的重要内容 ,同时在稳定低生育水平、丰富和发展人口科学等方面亦具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文通过对生育文化历史的考察 ,探讨了生育文化的内涵及类型的演进轨迹 ,结合社会经济基础的现实条件 ,提出了加速我国生育文化现代化构建的路径选择     

建设新型生育文化着力打造和谐计生

新型生育文化是社会先进文化的重要组成部分。建设新型生育文化，促进社会主义生育文明，是建设社会主义先进文化和精神文明的题中应有之义，也是人口计生部门结合自身实际贯彻科学发展观打造和谐计生的具体行动。生育文化和生育文明的建设和形成，必将有力地推动和促进社会主义整体先进文化和精神文明的建设和形成，也必将有力地促进和推动“平安泰州”的打造进程。     

努力建设新型生育文化

生育文化是指人类在婚育繁衍方面形成的观念、道德、习俗和制度。新型生育文化建设是党和政府以我国社区经济、社会和文化现状为基础、面向21世纪人口与计生工作的战略性要求而提出来的。中共中央《决定》明确提出，“初步形成新的婚育观念和生育文化”是今后十年人口与计划生育六大工作目标之一，充分肯定了建设新型生育文化对稳定低生育水平的重要性，也揭示了建设新型生育文化与实行计划生育之间的内在必然联系。一、生育文化的内涵及特征生育文化的核心是生育观念。生育观念在精神或意识层面上的表现归结为以下几个方面：对生育子女性别…     

江苏盐城市龙冈镇增强人口文化软实力

江苏省盐城市盐都区龙冈镇深入开展公益宣传、社会宣传和文化活动,建设新型人口生育文化。依托文化服务设施,建设生育文化园地,打造新的生育文化品牌,积极实施"新农村新家庭"计划,不断增强人口文化软实力。建设新家庭人口文化书屋。把"新家庭人口文化书屋"工程建设纳入"十二五"总体规划,以家庭建设为切入点和着力点,在"农家书屋"     

对中国生育"男孩偏好"社会动因的再思考

本文通过对部分中国育龄夫妇生育性别选择行为的文化诠释和制度分析,说明了生育“男孩偏好”的文化根源和制度基础。指出:在中国社会,男孩具有女孩所不具备的价值、特别是家庭和社会价值;同时“男孩偏好”是一种源于家庭制度和个体社会行为模式、制度化的社会价值取向。因此,人口出生性别比失常从根本上说反映了制度与文化的冲突,要扭转它需要制度创新和文化建设。     

我国人口理论研究的文化视角与生育文化建设

与生育政策相比,生育文化对生育行为的影响更具有根本性,因而,我国建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中建设社会主义新型生育文化,对当前达到“稳定低生育水平”的目标和实现长远的社会的可持续发展都有根本意义。我国人口理论研究属于人类高层次的文化活动,是对人类在生物圈活动过程中人类与自然关系的理论掌握。我们应使其对我国生育文化的建设起指导作用,即让其引导人们认识自己的婚姻生育行为和其他生产及生活行为都与建立与生物圈互利而持久的关系有关,从而促进社会的可持续发展。     

中学生人口生育文化的社会学分析与思考

<正> 中学时期,正值人的身体发育渐趋成熟、世界观基础正在奠定的时期;第一次成人的独立自决——职业选择——婚育选择——也处于准备和实行之中。因此,在这个阶段,对中学生的思想意识、心理品质迸行塑造有着非常重要的意义。本文涉及的生育文化,是指在现实社会的文化环境中所形成的人口生育意愿及生育行为的文化意识,它包括社会成员对自己关于恋爱、结婚、生育、未来子女数量期望以及对子女性别的偏好等相互联系的一种价值体系。它的形成受社会的习俗、政策等因素的影响,是社会利用多种方式对个人进行文化塑造的一个过程,是社会对人口生产进行宏观调控的精神文明建设。就个人而言,生育文化,是自己生活历程中对他人生命生产——生育行为、生育过程所具有的直接的强烈的价值取向,是一种自觉的意志力量。     

The Study on the Relationship of the Weakening Son Preferenceand Social Economic Development in China

With the aging of population,the academic researches tend to focus on the size, structure, quality of the labor forces. This article, based on the data of 2012 CLDS, describes demographically the employment status of China＇s labor force by four types： employee,employer, self- employed and farming and analyzes the variations in the indicators of the 4 types employment status, such as human capital,working hours,work sites,income,social security, job evaluation and work values and identity of social class, etc. Understanding these variations is a great significance to the proper labor policy-making.     

社会经济发展与男孩偏好的淡化

本文利用2010年中国人民大学育龄妇女家庭与生育状况调查数据,对男孩偏好弱化现象及导致男孩偏好弱化的社会经济因素进行了研究。研究发现,农业技术和生产工具的进步、农村家庭收入来源中非农收入比例的提高、男孩较高的养育成本、社会保障的完善和人口流动性的增加所导致的人们对“养儿防老”预期的降低以及住房、交通条件的改善等一系列社会经济变化的共同作用,使人们的男孩偏好逐步淡化。     

人发大会以来中国成就

1994年开罗国际人发大会以来，中国认真履行对国际人发大会《行动纲领》和“千年发展目标”的承诺，统筹解决人口问题，在人口和计划生育及生殖健康领域取得可喜进步，并促进了经济社会的全面、协调和可持续发展，促进了人民健康水平和生活质量的提高。     

On the measurement of certain aspects of social development

An attempt has been made in this paper to measure social development. There has been some limited use of per capita national income as a measure of development. A number of social indicators from various societal areas may, alternatively, better represent social development of a region. A composite index of selected social indicators has been proposed as a measure of social development. Certain existing methods of construction of composite indexes have been examined and new methods proposed using the variance-covariance matrix and intercorrelation matrix of the indicators and the concept of (Euclidean) distance. Two examples of intertemporal and international comparisons have been presented to illustrate the proposed methods.The author is grateful to Prof. M. Mukherjee under whose supervision and guidance this work was carried out. However, the views expressed in this paper are those of the author and not of the institution to which he belongs.     

从水资源状况看北京市的人口控制

"五普"资料显示,北京市目前人口已达1381 9万人,为水资源最大承载人口量的5 9倍。再加上工农业用水的增加,已大大超过其水资源的承载力,使北京市成为我国严重缺水城市之一。从水资源的开源节流并重、有选择的人口迁入政策和减少部分城市功能等方面入手,探索解决北京市人口过快增长的良策。     

The potential of social indicators: Minimum conditions for impact at the national level as suggested by a study of the use of ‘social indicators’ 73

Empirical evidence is presented which suggests that the use of social indicators among upper level government officials in the United States is minimal at present. Further, the level of use is not likely to be increased by improved measurement procedures, aesthetically improved packaging, or more widespread dissemination of such information among persons who influence policy decisions. The power of such information can be expected to be no greater than that of ‘mere’ statistics unless deliberate effort is made to institutionalize the importance of social indicators into government operations in conjunction with policy planning, goal setting, and commitment to the use of indicators as a system of national evaluation of progress toward the achievement of societal objectives. Several recommendations are made to develop the potential of social indicators and to increase their creative and useful application in matters of public policy at the national level.     

The Disadvantaged Among the Dutch: A Survey Approach to the Multidimensional Measurement of Social Exclusion

While combating social exclusion has been a key target of the European Union’s social policy in recent years, the concept remains contested and various ways of measuring its prevalence have been proposed. In the Netherlands a survey-based method has been in use since 2004, which refers to four theoretical elements of social exclusion: material deprivation, limited social participation, inadequate access to basic social rights and a lack of normative integration. In this article we propose an improved and more concise version of the instrument. Using focus groups and cognitive tests, the study first examined whether it adequately covers the different elements of social exclusion. Based on the results, the existing items were reformulated and supplemented. A revised questionnaire was then submitted to a new stratified sample of 650 respondents, randomly drawn from an online panel and a database of people without access to the Internet. The weighted outcomes may be regarded as representative for the entire adult Dutch population, although some caveats apply. Using nonlinear canonical correlation analysis, we identified a single underlying dimension in our new data set. This contains 15 items, with three to four indicators for each of the theoretical elements of social exclusion. According to our general index, just under 5 % of the Dutch population aged 18 years or older are faced with a serious degree of social exclusion. On the four subscales the figure ranges from 7 % (social rights) to 22 % (material deprivation).     

陕西省返贫人口特征分析与对策思考

扶贫开发,经过七年艰苦奋战,取得了初步成效,但返贫现象却十分严重。陕西省的返贫人口大致有五类,返贫的根源是人口增长导致生态失衡、人口分布不合理、人口素质偏低、人口产业结构落后、社会保障制度不健全等。     

Social Stigma and the Situation of Young People in Lesbian and Gay Stepfamilies

This article presents the results of a qualitative study examining how social stigmatization made the lives of young people in gay and lesbian stepfamilies more complex. The study focused primarily on the young people's viewpoint, which has until now rarely been taken into consideration in studies of gay and lesbian families. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents and young adults from 15 to 29 years old. The results showed that these young people experienced social stigmatization because of the family they lived in, which in turn had repercussions on their personal, family, and interpersonal lives.     

俄罗斯远东地区中国移民状况述论

中国移民出现在俄罗斯远东地区的历史始于19世纪60、70年代,在近150年的历史中,远走他乡的中国人活跃在商贸、建筑、采矿、农业等各行各业,为远东地区的社会经济发展做出重大贡献。然而这一历史事实不但没有得到肯定,反而衍生出“中国人口威胁论”。通过具体分析远东地区中国移民状况不仅可以客观反映中国人在该地区经济建设和社会发展中所做的贡献,也是对俄境内“中国人口威胁论”的有力驳斥,有助于促进中俄关系更加良好地发展。