统筹城乡协调发展 促进农民充分就业——荆门市东宝区农村劳动力转移就业工作纪实

东宝区作为湖北省荆门市统筹城乡发展示范区,在统筹城乡发展中勇当先锋,把＂统筹城乡协调发展,促进农民充分就业＂作为推进新农村、新型城镇化和城乡一体化建设的重要抓手,依托新型工业化带动、新型城镇化吸纳、农业产业化转移和劳务品牌化输出的运作模式,全面统筹城乡就业,全力促进农村劳动力就近就地转移就业、     

在京津冀一体化建设中统筹城乡发展之我见

正在京津冀一体化建设的大格局下,以河北省第一经济增长极定位的唐山市曹妃甸区,在新的战略机遇面前,如何推进京津冀一体化建设的进程,以实现第一经济增长极发展目标,是需要全市、全区上下共同探讨并认真加以实践的。目前唐山市在经济和社会事业发展中,客观上还存在一定的城乡差别。因此,统筹城乡发展,则成为融入京津冀一体化建设大格局的必然选择。如何统筹城乡发展?笔者认为,首要的是要解决好"三农"问题,而解决"三农"问题的当务之急是打破城乡分割体制,建立起城乡统一制度,以利于统筹城乡发展。只有把这个问题彻底解决好,在推进京津冀一体化建设的进程中逐步减少农民,推进农村富余劳动力转移,降低农业比重,工业化和城市化就有了坚实的制度基础。     

新生代农民工职业化的困境与出路

近年来,农民工中的新生代农民工已经成为新产业工人的主体,但他们面临着自身素质低、二元分割劳动力市场制度、城市歧视性用工政策等方面的困境,这成为制约新生代农民工职业化和市民化的瓶颈。要突破这一困境,一方面要增强新生代农民工的职业意识,建立人力资本投入机制;另一方面要大力发展职业教育,构建职业化的就业体系,在此基础上实现新生代农民工的职业化,促进城乡一体化发展。     

城市劳动力市场求职主体的特点

在向市场经济转轨过程中,我国劳动力市场逐步发育完善,城乡统一的劳动力市场初步形成,计划用人机制被基本摒弃,就业市场化格局不可逆转,双向选择成为就业的基本形式。研究劳动力市场求职主体的特点,对于加强职业培训,提高劳动者的职业素质,促进劳动者的充分就业,进而提升企业的竞争力,加快企业经济的发展具有重要的意义。     

以劳动力市场为导向 促进就业训练新发展

以劳动力市场为导向促进就业训练新发展广东省湛江市劳动局职业培训指导中心《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》指出：“改革劳动制度，逐步形成劳动力市场。”劳动力市场的形成和发展，为就业训练提供了千载难逢的发展机遇。但是，如何抓住机遇，以...     

小城镇--集体建设用地入市的切入点

集体建设用地进入土地市场进行流转,是社会主义市场经济发展到一定阶段的必然趋势,也是我国城乡关系进一步突破的客观要求.自二十世纪五十年代实行城乡分割管理体制以来形成的城乡壁垒,特别是城乡分割的户籍制度和土地制度,已成为改革开放以来,阻碍城乡一体化发展的体制性原因.     

吉林省农村劳动力转移与就业问题的原因分析

随着城乡一体化建设在全国各个省份的推进,我省的城乡统筹进程也在逐步加深,随着十八大"三农"问题的推进,"强农、惠农、富农"的政策也在不断地落实与完善。目前,我省将农村劳动力转移作为工作重心,以促进城乡共同发展。尽管农村建设速度加快了,但是还存在诸多问题,所以必须建立城乡要素平等交换关系,全面推进城乡基本公共服务均等化,加大城市支援农村力度。同时,农村劳动力转移历程也对吉林省的城乡统筹进程有所裨益。     

山西省农村剩余劳动力就业促进政策研究——以晋城市为例

随着我国工业化、城镇化的推进,城乡收入差距增大,大量的剩余农村劳动力转移到城镇就业。本文旨在通过对农村剩余劳动力现象的调查和分析,加强对剩余劳动力的制度研究,维护其基本权益,促进剩余劳动力就业。     

城乡一体化过程中上海农村社会事业发展对策研究

城乡一体化是经济社会发展的一般规律,是传统农业社会向现代工业社会演变的必然过程,也是现代化的组成部分。城乡一体化的核心是城乡居民的地位一体化、机会一体化、保障一体化。必须从制度上建立一套保障城乡一体化的系统,其中,推进农村社会事业发展更是至关重要。农村教育、卫生、文化、体育、社会保障、社会服务等社会事业的发展水平,某种程度上可以用来衡量一个国家或地区经济社会的发展水平。因此,加强上海农村社会事业发展不仅与广大农民群众的切身利益和农村、农业的发展需要密切相关,而且对于破除城乡二元结构、加快城乡一体化进程、建设现代化国际大都市,实现＂四个率先＂,以及对于探索转型期农村公共产品供给制度的创新、建立与完善农村公共产品和服务供给模式等,具有重要的战略意义、理论意义和应用价值。     

人力资本、社会资本与大学生就业质量——基于劳动力市场分割理论的探讨

关于大学生就业质量的理论解释,有人力资本与社会资本两种不同的理论取向。对此,综合两种理论解释并纳入劳动力市场分割理论视角,建构影响大学生就业质量的分析模型。利用中国大学生就业、生活和价值观追踪调查(PSCUS)对该分析模型的检验表明,在劳动力市场分割下,人力资本和社会资本有助于大学生进入就业质量更高的首要部门,同时人力资本与社会资本对大学生就业质量的影响存在就业部门差异。研究表明,加强劳动力市场建设,弱化劳动力市场分割下的体制性不平等和机会不公平是提高大学生就业质量的重要面向。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.