论大城市郊区乡村城市化条件与途径

众所周知,乡村城市化是指农村人口转变为城镇人口的过程,还指社会、经济、科技、生产、生活。环境乃至管理机构和思想观念等种种因素向乡村地区逐步渗透的过程。在城市化发展的不同阶段,乡村城市化的特征及表现形式不同,在相同阶段,也存在着明显的地域差异。大城市郊区作为中心城市的扩展空间,以及中心城市对其腹地产生集聚和扩散作用的过渡地带,其乡村城市化进程受到来自城市和乡村的双向促进,与一般农村的乡村城市化相比,其条件更加优越,并且在进一步推进乡村城市化进程中面临的主要问题和途径选择上也具有明显的地域特点。     

近代美国城市化动因初探

城市化是一个自然历史过程,是人类社会生产不断发展的产物。城市化意味着人口和经济力量日益向城市和城市地带集中,乡村地区逐渐转变为城市地区。其表现形式是:城市数目不断增多,城市人口和空间规模日益扩大,     

我国城市化方略的再讨论

正积极稳妥地推进城市化是我国低成本实现社会主义现代化的必由之路,面临着多重严峻挑战。党的十八大以来,城市化问题再度成为热点,争论也风生水起,反映了人们在城市化认识上的差异和偏好。通过争论达成共识是我国城市化方略选择的必须程序,关系到能否实现低成本的城市化。我国是一个小农经济历史悠久、逆城市化思潮积淀深厚的国度。改革开放后,由于城乡二元体制的持续,乡村工业化、农村城市化、抑制大城市发展及小城镇大战略等一     

城市化经济动态均衡的本质及公共政策

城市化经济从经济本质上理解．表现为经济集聚效应的一种外部效果：从发展形态上理解，是指生产力发展引起的农业人口向非农业转移而使社会的经济空间由乡村逐渐转向城市的过程。城市化的经济均衡是当代经济发展的一个新课题。城市化的静态均衡表现为“城经济”均衡和“市经济”均衡两条曲线的焦点．而动态均衡表现为城市经济增长中人们用于投资和消费不同目的的资源利用所带来的效用或社会福利的最大化。这种动态均衡是怎么实现的？这与我国坚持科学发展观、实现以人为本和高效率城市化进程关系极大．本文对此做初步探讨。     

主动城市化与被动城市化的比较研究

本文在对我国城市化质量进行分析的基础上，回顾总结现有城市化模式，指出我国的城市化模式有主动城市化与被动城市化之分，接着具体阐述了现行不同城市化模式的概念与内涵，并对比研究被动城市化和主动城市化在形成动力机制、表征以及存在问题等方面的差异。最后，以实现可持续发展城市化为目标，根据不同城市化模式其自身所特有的问题提出深层次城市化的建议和对策。     

美国新型城市化对广东城市化的启示和思考

本文通过对美国城市化道路的回顾,提出美国城市化发展经历了传统城市化和新型城市化两个时期,并对各阶段城市化发展特征和问题进行总结,然后以城市社会经济发展与城市空间升级之间的关系为切入点,阐述美国在新型城市化时期所采取的空间措施与政策安排,最后结合广东城市化发展的现阶段特征,提出广东应大力推行城市化发展战略,以城市化统领社会经济发展,率先探索新型城市化发展模式。     

成都市城市化进程对环境的影响

城市化是人类社会发展的过程和结果,是全球化与信息化的产物。城市化进程在促进经济发展的同时给环境带来了巨大的压力和影响。本文以成都市为例,从大气、水、固体和噪声四个方面阐述了城市化对环境的不良影响,并时实现城市的可持续发展提出了建议和措施。     

城市化进程中政府和城市化面临的三大问题

积极稳妥地推进城市化．提高城市化水平是我国“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的重大战略．是促进国民经济良性循环和社会协调发展的重大举措。20世纪90年代以来．随着我国经济的稳步发展．城市化水平得到了很大提高．由1990年的26．2％上升到2007年的约45％．但相对于发达国家普遍80％以上的水平还存在着明显差距。近几十年来．城市化引起的人口膨胀、交通拥堵、环境污染、资源紧张等问题越来越严重。由于我国地区性差异大、发展多层次不平衡导致西方传统的以单个城市或城市群为中心的城市化道路并不能适应我国所有地区并取得成效。如何选择一个比较适宜中国国情的城市化发展道路．仍旧是一个困扰中国发展的关键问题。     

再论城市化与城市化时代--兼议饶会林先生的城市化和城市化时代思想

准确、全面地把握城市化内涵是推进我国新型城市化的理论起点。长期以来,由于对城市化内涵的片面理解,导致我国城市化过程中出现诸多问题。笔者分析了城市化的内涵、城市化时代的特征,对饶会林先生的城市化和城市化时代思想进行阐释,并对促进城市化健康发展提出对策建议。     

上海城市化进程中“镇管社区”的治理路径及趋势

随着上海城市化进程和大型居住区建设的快速推进,大量中心城区人口向郊区迁移,同时外来人口聚集于郊区,这导致郊区常住人口在短时间内快速膨胀,其社会结构发生深刻的变化,这对新型城市社区管理和公共服务提出了巨大的挑战。"镇管社区"正是适应郊区快速城市化发展而形成的一种社会管理创新机制。上海实行"镇管社区"的镇域根据自身的实际情况进行实践创新,其结果表明:"镇管社区"模式基本适应快速城市化进程中社会管理与服务的现实需求,有利于推动社区"管理"向社区"治理"转变。     

Perspectives of Youth in Care in Serbia

In the context of evaluating child protection reform in Serbia, we explored the concept of positive youth development as well as how they experienced and understood the experience of placement. We sought to understand how youth perceive their strengths, the role of the care system, their views on how life experiences affect their strengths and how they see their future. Our position is that the way in which children see their situation is equally valuable as any other point of view, and that their doubts, questions and views should be learned in the research process. We used the methodology of semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 16 young people in care aged 13–18 years. Results indicate their limited involvement in the process of making decisions related to their life and future. There is a strong need for meaningful involvement of children and young people in order to ensure their positive development.     

在有形与无形之间——浦东外企青年群体的特点及其工作思路探讨

随着市场经济的发展,新经济组织已成为经济发展中的一个亮点.外企是新经济组织中的一个组成部分.通过团的工作社会化来带动外企业青年工作是一个新的工作思路.本文就此进行了一些理论的探讨,提出了以社团等有形阵地和网络等无形阵地为基点,建立一个全方位、多层次的外企青年服务体系.     

Experiences of children in armed conflict in Nepal

This paper is based on the real life stories of child soldiers and children directly affected by armed conflict from different parts of the country from 2005 to 2009. These field based interviews were conducted with about 400 children between ages 12 and 18 from various researches throughout the country and with participants of HimRights programs. This article is based on primary information of children affected by armed conflict. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the circumstances that led to their involvement as child soldiers, their expectations and harrowing experiences, and the negative and positive impact on children. The paper focuses on how both sides of conflicting parties used children as child soldiers, forcibly or voluntarily. Some children were attracted to Maoists ideology and rhetoric, singing/dancing, food/clothing/education while others were abducted or forced to join through the “one house one person policy”. Some children joined the insurgency as the last resort due to lack of community support, and after the deaths of their parents. It also looks at how schools were used as recruitment centers and battleground during this time. Gender-based violence has occurred rampantly during armed conflict in Nepal but respondents do not want to discuss openly about it, nor are government or civil society. Furthermore, this paper also deals with challenges of reintegration of child soldiers. They have had to face ostracism in their homes, schools and communities and are using substance abuse as a coping mechanism and the need for support and empathy at both the societal and policy level is indicated.     

Inequality of opportunity in adult health in Colombia

This paper measures inequality of opportunity in adult health in Colombia using the 2010 Living Standards and Social Mobility Survey, a rich dataset that provides unique information about individual childhood circumstances in that country. Dissimilarity and Gini-opportunity indexes are calculated to provide different measures of inequality of opportunity using a self-reported variable for health status. The Shapley-value decomposition is then used to estimate the contribution of early-life circumstances such as parental background, region of origin and ethnicity to inequality of opportunity. The findings suggest that 8 % to 10 % of the circumstance-driven opportunities distinctively enjoyed by those who are healthier should be redistributed or otherwise compensated in order to achieve equality of opportunity. Differences in household socio-economic status during childhood and parental educational attainment appear to be the most salient dimensions of inequality of opportunity in adult health.     

Transition in Use of Human Resources in the Field of Aging

Through a review of national surveys that address the area of human resource development in the field of aging, the idea that professional human resources in the field have not been given adequate attention is discussed. The conclusions are that with appropriate modifications in educational preparation and personnel policies and procedures, most aging-specific organizations will be able to more adequately meet the needs of their clientele despite limited material resources and the restrictions on the purchase of the time of professional staff.     

浅谈经营性用地计划在经营城市中的作用

经营性用地计划是在经营城市中对商业、旅游、娱乐、商品住宅等各类经营性用地实行控制供应总量和优化用地结构的重要措施,是经营城市土地的关键和基础.加强经营性用地计划管理,对加快经营城市和城镇化的进程,实现城市资源的有效配置及其效益的最大化,实现全面建设小康社会的战略目标具有重要的意义.     

北京高校毕业生就业价值取向调查

2001年4月,高校毕业生群体的就业意识现状调查组在北京地区10所高校发放调查问卷1000份,回收问卷837份,有效问卷822份,有效回收率为82.2％。其中:男生占47％,女生占53％,专科生占19％,本科生占63％,硕士生占14％,博士生占4％,北京生源34％,外地生源