横向型企业集团供应链结构及关系分析

企业集团内部的协同效应成为构筑其竞争优势的关键所在。对企业集团供应链结构及关系的探讨是研究集团内部供应链协同的基础,但在这方面还缺乏系统的认识。本文分析了资本控制型、行政控制型这两种母子公司管理与控制模式的特征,在此基础上探讨了两种模式下的集团供应链体系结构,并根据结构模型阐述了两种类型的供应链关系,即集团与上下游企业间的关系及集团内部各成员企业间的关系。     

供应链管理实施对组织绩效的影响分析

本文将竞争优势作为中介变量,构建了一个供应链管理实施与组织绩效间关系的理论模型,并以来自西南和华南等地区的177个企业为实证样本,用结构方程模型对理论模型和研究假设进行实证检验。结果显示,供应链管理实施对竞争优势、组织绩效有显著直接影响,并且通过竞争优势还对组织绩效产生显著的间接影响;竞争优势对于供应链管理实施与组织绩效间关系具有部分中介效应。     

供应链的内部竞争与外部竞争及相互转化

沃尔玛给人们留下印象最深刻的,是它的一整套先进高效的物流和供应链系统。时下,企业大多关注如何有效地进行供应链管理,如何加强供应链中各个节点企业间的合作。但在供应链中各个节点企业之间、各供应链之间是否存在竞争?这些问题往往被企业所忽略。     

供应链的信息共享机制研究

现在企业间的竞争实际上是供应链的竞争,信息共享是实现供应链管理的基础,关系到供应链的整体效益。本文通过对供应链节点企业缺乏信任而导致信息不共享的问题进行分析,提出供应链信息共享的激励策略和信任合作机制。     

基于现代信息技术的供应链及其管理

传统的多层次的供应链上各节点之间的关系相对松散,供应链体系中供应链节点信息不对称,共享信息的能力非常有限,无法高效地完成供应链全过程的协调、控制和管理。供应体系、核心企业、分销体系和客户之间相互隔离起来,整条供应链上各节点相对独立成为一个实体,各自以自身的利益为出发点各行其是。现代信息技术的迅猛发展,强烈的信息流冲破传统的孤岛式的供应链各节点之间的藩篱,传统供应链被开放式的、一体化的多边互动式的新型供应链所取代。传统的相对松散的供应链节点企业间短期交易关系将由长期的供应链节点企业间全面战略合作关系所取代。     

基于SEM和B-Z反应的集成供应链合作创新机制与动态演化研究——集成供应链关系质量视角

随着供应链与互联网、物联网深度融合,集成供应链企业间合作创新成为企业创造新模式、开拓新市场的重要路径。为揭示在集成供应链环境特征影响下,集成供应链企业间合作创新中集成供应链集成度、知识协同能力与合作创新绩效之间的作用机制,基于复杂系统理论,借鉴B-Z反应模型,在运用SEM模型对集成供应链企业间合作创新静态机制实证研究基础上,进一步构建三维Logistic动态分析模型,探索集成供应链企业间合作创新动态演进机制。结果表明:集成供应链集成度和知识协同能力对集成供应链企业间合作创新绩效有显著正向影响;集成供应链形成初期,集成度对合作创新绩效的影响效果更为明显;长期而言,在不同集成供应链关系质量作用下,知识协同能力的作用举足轻重,提高知识协同能力有利于合作创新绩效持续提升。     

社会控制与供应链绩效的相互作用关系探讨——以依赖及供应链整合为中介

供应链各节点企业彼此相互依赖,这种依赖关系如何为管理者所利用,并借助适当的关系治理来促进互惠互利的依赖关系的建立,进而提升供应链整体竞争力具有重要的战略意义。本文拟以社会控制机制和依赖为切入点,探讨其与供应链整合和供应链绩效的深层作用机理,并进而运用结构方程模型(SEM)对社会控制、依赖和供应链整合对绩效的作用路径进行实践模拟。实证结果表明,1)社会控制对依赖、供应链整合和供应链绩效有显著的正向促进作用;2)依赖在社会控制对供应链整合的作用关系中起着不完全的中介作用,且间接作用大于直接作用;3)社会控制可以通过依赖、供应链整合及二者的因果关系间接作用于供应链绩效,但是依赖的中介效应最大(44%),依赖和供应链整合的因果关系中介效应次之(37%),整合的中介效应最小(19%);4)规模对社会控制/依赖与供应链整合/供应链绩效的作用关系具有调节效应。     

微利时代基于供应链的财务创新

随着微利时代的到来,市场竞争趋于白热化,企业间竞争形态已经变成供应链与供应链之间的竞争,从供应链中寻找竞争优势已经成为企业的必然选择。财务创新将更加有利于企业整体供应链竞争力的提升,从而进一步培育和提高企业的核心竞争力。本文就微利环境下,基于供应链的财务创新的作了一定的研究。     

基于供应链绩效的网上逆向拍卖模型

市场经济下对于买方的卖方竞争越来越激烈,随之出现的网上逆向拍卖成为流行的交易方式,将网络逆向拍卖引入供应链交易环境中可以在很大程度上改变供应链上企业的行为和企业间关系,使合作和竞争的企业关系在供应链上共存,并降低信息、交易和参与成本,从而可以改善供应链的绩效.把VCG付费机制和网上逆向拍卖机制引入到供应链成本分析中,构建拍卖过程中考虑与不考虑运输成本影响时的供应链总成本模型,通过对多家企业的实际数据进行分析表明,在供应链交易环境中,如果拍卖人在拍卖过程中同时考虑生产成本和运输成本的影响,网上拍卖可以较大程度的降低供应链总成本,而且只会引起供应链上企业成本的小幅上涨,对整个供应链效益是有益的.     

基于信任的供应链伙伴关系维系管理方法研究

在契约的基础上进行基于信任的伙伴关系维系管理是保证节点企业间融洽合作关系的有效策略之一.本文首先分析了供应链伙伴关系管理实践中需要注意的问题以及信任与供应链伙伴关系的内在联系;在供应商开发程序的基础上融入信任诊断、协商沟通和改进供应链伙伴关系提高绩效的过程,提出了一种基于信任诊断的供应链伙伴关系开发程序进行多层伙伴关系维系的方法,包括基于信任的伙伴关系诊断层、伙伴关系协商沟通层和伙伴关系修正层.最后给出了支持该方法不同组成元素的企业实际运作例证.     

An integrated model of supply chain performance evaluation and decision-making using structural equation modelling and fuzzy AHP

This paper aims to propose a comprehensive evaluation tool and decision model, which can help the practitioners to gauge their supply chain performance and guide them in decision-making for further improvements. The model provides a salient notion of integrated supply chain performance evaluation approach distilled from the literature. The five important performance evaluation criteria (supply chain planning performance, supply chain partnership performance, production performance, delivery and logistic performance and customer service and satisfaction performance) and corresponding 19 sub-criteria have been identified. An integrated methodology of structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) have been applied to the proposed model to a real case study of Indian textile–apparel–retail supply chain network.     

碳信息不对称下的供应链谎报决策与协调研究

低碳环境下,供应链上下游企业之间面临碳排放量及碳价格信息不对称带来的风险。针对该问题,文章在碳交易环境下,基于"基准法"的碳配额分配机制,构建以制造商为主导的两级供应链模型,在碳信息不对称下分析供应链成员的谎报行为及其对供应链绩效的影响,研究表明,若制造商拥有碳信息优势并在满足最优谎报方程的前提下采取谎报行动,制造商的利润没有得到实质的提升,且其谎报决策并不对供应链绩效产生影响;而当零售商拥有碳信息优势时,一定会为了提高自身利润而谎报碳信息,且在最优谎报方程下能提高零售商及供应链总利润,同时降低制造商的利润,但该谎报行为不能使供应链绩效达到最优。针对零售商的谎报行为,文章采用收益共享契约进行协调,使供应链绩效达到最优,并验证了该契约对激励零售商真实反馈碳信息的有效性。     

A systematic approach for supply chain conflict detection with a hierarchical Petri Net extension

Coordinating and managing distributed entities in a supply chain is a challenging task due, in part, to conflicts present in such systems. If not handled effectively, the conflict can degrade the performance of the system as a whole due to the fact that each individual entity may be working towards goals that sub-optimize the integrated system. Therefore, the ability to discover conflicts would be a valuable asset, particularly if the discovery occurred proactively. This paper presents a methodology, extending the concept of basic Petri Nets, to discover supply chain conflict before they occur and cause detrimental effects to system performance. The approach involves linking hierarchical levels of the supply chain system and detecting conflicts occurring when the single entities, each optimized for it own operations, are combined together in a supply chain. These conflicts are not obvious or intuitive in examining the single entities of the supply chain, but when integrated the conflicts are discovered by the methodology. We applied the proposed methodology on a real-world supply chain to illustrate the validity of the tool. Although, further research is needed to fully explore this method of conflict detection, we believe that this research does indeed provide some much needed insight into the daunting task of conflict discovery and therefore proactive handling of these potentially negative occurrences in the supply chain.     

The impact of information sharing in supply chains on organisational performance: an empirical study

Information sharing has been cited as one of the major means to enhance supply chain performance. It allows companies to better coordinate their activities with their supply chain partners that lead to increased performance. This study conceptualises and assesses several factors that influence the degree of information sharing in supply chains, namely integrated information technologies, internal integration, information quality and costs–benefits sharing. The relationship between the degree of information sharing and organisational performance is then tested. Data from 150 manufacturing companies were collected and proposed relationships are examined using structural equation modelling. The results show that integrated information technologies and information quality have positive influence on the intensity of information sharing. However, internal integration and costs–benefits sharing do not relate to the intensity of information sharing. This study finds that information sharing does not directly relate to organisational performance. Its relationship is mediated by collaboration practices with supply chain partners. This suggests that information sharing is essential but insufficient by itself to bring significant performance improvements.     

A network-based approach to integrated supply chain design

The inherent complexity of supply chains, combined with their economic importance, has prompted research in supply chain management. While there has been a significant amount of work reported in modelling supply chains, the effectiveness of these models in addressing the complex area of supply chain management is questionable. What is giving added urgency to the need for research in this area are the recent developments in communications that offer the promise of connecting suppliers, assemblers and customers in a seamless network of information that can form integrated supply chain management. This paper aims to address the deficiency in modelling by proposing a methodology that models the integrated supply chain as an abstracted network, called a Trans-Net. The Trans-Net approach offers three main potential advantages. First, the multiple participants in a supply chain can be modelled without undue complexity. Second, it is an approach that allows users to examine the interactions between different considerations so that important attributes such as cost and lead-time can be readily calculated and bottleneck areas identified. Third, it applies a mathematical formalism to the problem, with the potential of being relatively straightforward to computerize.     

有限需求信息下基于回购契约的供应链鲁棒协调策略

研究了仅知需求均值和区间信息条件下,基于最小最大后悔值准则的供应链回购契约协调问题。针对未知需求具体分布形式的两级供应链系统,在回购契约框架下,建立了以鲁棒决策和最优决策下的供应链及其成员绩效之差为目标函数的供应链协调模型。在仅知需求区间和均值信息条件下,采用鲁棒优化方法求解了最小最大后悔值准则下的集成供应链鲁棒订货策略和分散供应链鲁棒契约协调策略及其绩效偏差。分析了不同服务水平和契约参数条件下,由于信息缺失而未能实现最优运作的供应链及其成员绩效损失情况。最后,进行了数值计算,验证了通过鲁棒优化方法得到的供应链回购契约协调策略的鲁棒性和有效性。结果表明,基于回购契约的供应链鲁棒协调策略能够有效抑制需求不确定性对系统及其成员运作绩效的影响,同仅知需求区间信息相比,额外获得需求均值信息能够有效改进供应链运作绩效。     

库存成本变化的VMI供应链协调

提出了库存成本变化的经济订货批量(EOQ)模型，基于该模型研究了库存成本变化时供应商管理库存(VMI)系统的最优协议问题。在该系统中，订货商和供应商达成缺货成本共担协议：当缺货发生时，供应商需要向订货商支付缺货补偿。订货商和供应商分散决策，订货商通过设计协议来减少其成本，而供应商通过制定补货决策来缩小自身成本。通过与传统系统和整合系统的比较，得出了库存成本变化时VMI系统的最优补货决策和缺货成本共担协议。采用数值算例验证了分析结果。结果表明，当且仅当供应商预期成本等于整合系统的最小总成本与固定缺货罚金之和时，VMI系统与整合系统具有相同的补货决策和系统绩效，即能够实现供应链协调。     

基于新产消合一的供应链价值最大化研究

供应链管理追求的终极目标是供应链价值最大化。本文指出了现有的供应链价值创造研究存在的缺陷,在托夫勒产消合一理念的基础上提出了新产消合一理念,基于该理念构建了供应链价值最大化模型,然后就新理念下供应链创造的整体价值、企业联盟价值、消费者价值、二次利益分配等问题进行了讨论,获得了一些重要的结论。阐明了企业联盟与消费者合作的重大意义,展示了消费者对于供应链价值创造的反馈和促进作用,并给出了增加供应链价值的有效途径。     

Matching Product Architecture and Supply Chain Configuration

In this paper, we examine the suggested link between product architecture (i.e., the extent to which a product is modular vs. integral) and supply chain configuration (i.e., whether the product development is done internally by the manufacturer in an integrated supply chain or in collaboration with a supplier in a decentralized supply chain). Our model suggests that the choice of product architecture depends on firm, market, and product characteristics in addition to supply chain structure. In contrast to other studies, we find that the optimal mapping from architecture to supply chain structure is not always one‐to‐one. A decentralized supply chain may be associated with a more integral product when the technical collaboration penalty is not excessive and suppliers have significantly superior product development capabilities. Furthermore, in a decentralized supply chain, the nature of the relationship between the original equipment manufacturer and its supplier (adversarial or collaborative) plays a role in the choice of product architecture: modular architectures are more likely when the parties have adversarial relationships, while long‐term trust‐based relationships facilitate more integral product architectures.     

Just in time,total quality management,and supply chain management: understanding their linkages and impact on business performance

In recent years, numerous approaches have been proposed to improve operations performance. Three in particular, just in time, supply chain management, and quality management, have received considerable attention. While the three are sometimes viewed and implemented as if they were independent and distinct, they can also be used as three prongs of an integrated operations strategy. This study empirically examines the extent to which just in time, supply chain management, and quality management are correlated, and how they impact business performance. Results demonstrate that at both strategic and operational levels, linkages exist between how just in time, total quality management, and supply chain management are viewed by organizations as part of their operations strategy. Results also indicate that a commitment to quality and an understanding of supply chain dynamics have the greatest effect on performance.