高校研究生科研团队组织承诺模型研究

本文通过调研，构建了基于探索性因子和验证性因子的高校研究生科研团队组织承诺二阶四因子模型。研究表明，在高校研究生科研团队组织承诺中，支持性承诺是最重要的因子。运用该模型能够可靠地测量研究生科研团队的组织承诺水平，以期从理论上为高校研究生科研团队的管理提供积极的指导。     

基于资源共享与子系统交互的两阶段DEA评价方法——兼对我国“一流大学”科研绩效的评价

由于复杂的竞争环境,共享资源下的交互系统组织形式变得越来越普遍,因此有必要开发一种新的方法来衡量这些系统与子系统的效率。针对复杂系统的绩效评价问题,本文提出资源共享与子系统交互的两阶段DEA评价方法予以应对。该方法在测定系统总效率的基础上,运用Stackelberg博弈方法构建模型求解出唯一的子系统(阶段)效率。最后,将该方法应用于我国40所“一流大学”科研系统绩效评价中,评价结果反映出一定的科研系统特征,并验证了该方法的有效性。     

神舟项目管理成熟度模型

本文简要介绍一种我国自行开发的项目管理成熟度模型——神舟项目管理成熟度模型(SZ-PMMM)。该模型是由面向企业级组织和项目级组织的两个相对独立的项目管理成熟度模型组成的集成模型,突破了“项目管理成熟度即项目管理过程成熟度”的传统框架,从更广泛的领域评价项目管理成熟度;同时,关注了企业级组织中多项目间管理能力的差异性,强化了企业级组织项目管理能力提升的动力机制,对各级组织项目管理能力的评价与改进有指导意义。     

组织学习能力综合评价模型研究

构建了组织学习能力的评价指标体系,并建立了组织学习能力的综合评价模型,使定性问题能够定量化处理。此外,应用实际例子讨论了模型在企业中的应用情况,并对受试企业的组织学习能力状况作了分析,使企业能够客观、正确地认识和评价自身的组织学习能力状况,为其进一步提高组织学习能力提供科学有效的理论依据。     

AHP-模糊综合理论在科研管理中的应用

本文从科研机构特点出发,提出一种针对国有科研机构组织绩效的评价模型。采用层次分析法(AHP:Analytic Hierarchy Process)确定评价指标的权重,并通过模糊综合评价法对指标进行评价分析。实例选取一所国有科研机构进行数据模拟,对该科研机构的组织绩效评价模型进行评估,分析了该模型的有效性和局限性。     

高校科研管理的组织学研究

如何提高高校科研管理水平对于高等教育的发展至关重要,而高校科研管理工作中关于组织学的研究对于高校的科研管理也发挥着重要作用。本文从组织学的基本理论出发,首先分析和界定了组织结构,高水平研究型高校等相关概念和理论,并且就当前我国高校科研管理的组织结构中存在的各种问题进行了分析和讨论,并提出了组织结构与管理优化的相关设想。     

组织执行力评价测度研究

组织执行力评价是执行力战略规划的有效切入点和参考依据.从组织资源和整合组织资源能力的角度,深入研究组织执行力的内涵及其构建要素,提出了由组织、团队和人员三个层次,流程、文化和工具三大要素及其若干子要素构成的多维度组织执行力评价模型,确立了完整的组织执行力二级评价指标和相应的评价层级.详细阐述了组织执行力的评价过程和方法.应用表明,该评价测度研究实现了组织执行力横向和纵向的定量评价,为组织执行力提供了科学有效的度量工具和参考.     

知识链间冲突管理策略

知识链运用当中,组织之间的冲突策略选择至关重要。本文对传统二维冲突模型在分析知识链组织之间冲突的不足,通过引入冲突水平变量构建了一个知识链组织之间冲突策略三维模型。利用层次分析法对专家的判断结果进行分析,得到各层次冲突因素的相对权重,用多级模糊综合评价的数学模型对知识链组织之间冲突状态进行评价。使用灰色系统理论对模型中关系自己和关系他人两个变量进行测度。通过实例计算,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,为组织决策者提供了一个科学合理的决策方法。     

基于GCA-DEA-MSVC方法的高校科研平台评价预测研究

高校科研平台评价与预测分析是促进科研工作健康高效发展的重要载体,但数据指标繁冗、逻辑关系复杂、影响因素众多等大大加剧了科研平台运行评价和预测难度。本文从大数据角度出发探索一种基于GCA-DEA-MSVC方法的高校科研平台评价预测方法。首先利用GCA方法从科研平台运行数据库中挖掘、提取出与评价结果密切相关的关键特征指标并进行分类构建特征指标库,然后利用DEA方法对特征指标库数据进行融合,提升数据质量构建相对效率指标库;最后,将特征指标库与相对效率指标库再次融合,基于改进的MSVC方法构建了高效的科研平台运行状态评价分类预测模型,并利用教育部重点实验室评价数据开展了实验研究,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

存在保证域的模糊非径向偏好DEA模型——基于中科院24个研究所的实证分析

数据包络分析（DEA）是一种非参数化的方法,用于评价具有类似输入和输出的决策单元的效率。传统的非径向DEA模型假设输入和输出数据均为准确值,且对权重变量不加以限制,本文构建了存在保证域的模糊非径向偏好DEA模型,并给出了一种基于模糊数截集的模型求解方法,有效地解决了输入和输出全部或部分为模糊数的决策单元评价问题。最后给出了一个中科院研究所效率评价的实例说明了方法的有效性。     

网络环境下服务科学与创新管理研究展望

基于网络环境的服务发展与创新已成为经济发展的新引擎。本文在分析网络环境下服务特征基础上，探讨了其对服务科学与创新管理研究的影响。结合我国社会经济发展对现代服务快速增长的需求，本文提炼了服务科学研究的三类基本科学问题，包括服务价值的内涵与度量，服务资源的要素及其价值生成，和服务关系的界定与形成问题；提出了服务与创新管理的四个重要研究领域，即：服务生态系统的形成与演化，服务资源要素的组织与协调，服务的关联与融合和社会服务运作管理问题。在四个重要研究领域的进一步分析中，论文以一个异质数据服务资源的组织与融合为例，描述了服务资源组织与协调的一个具体问题，说明了已有研究方法解决该问题的困难，和未来该问题研究需要关注的重点；另以平台服务中基于价值和关系的服务定价问题为例，说明服务关联与融合研究的挑战及其未来研究的努力方向。     

Cost containment in health care: a model for management research.

Cost containment is a dominant problem in the health care field, but it has not been addressed from a comprehensive management perspective. To fill this gap, we have developed an inclusive model of the cost containment process. The model has implications for management research in several areas: cost containment baselines, incentive systems, organization structures, cost/quality trade-offs, and cost containment constraints.     

In search of a soul of relevance for European management research

The argument is made that contemporary management research is driven by misplaced scientific ideals that keep research at a distance from managerial practice. Misplaced scientific ideals are institutionally reinforced, and therefore hard to change. To provide a viable alternative a different ‘soul of relevance’ needs to be constructed, which addresses the localized, embedded, fluid and contingent nature of managerial work. Four tenets are suggested that may tentatively form the basis of such work, which are as follows: practice as constitutive of organization, time as ontology, becoming as essence, and heterogeneity of factors. Narrative patterns that combine these tenets may help constitute a soul of relevance that further energizes European management research.     

Developing a Human‐centred and Science‐based Approach to Design: The Knowledge Management Platform Project

The gap between theory and practice is a persistent problem in management and organization research. In this respect, several scholars have suggested that ‘design’ is an ideal‐typical form of mode 2 knowledge production. Design research develops knowledge in the service of action and problem solving in organizational settings. In this paper, we connect two perspectives on design that can be considered to be largely complementary but have hardly been combined and integrated in practice: science‐based design drawing on design propositions grounded in research and human‐centred design emphasizing an active and systematic participation by users and other stakeholders. An integrated approach that builds on both perspectives is developed and subsequently applied to designing and developing a portal for mapping competencies in an information technology cluster. This project involves creating problem awareness and articulating design propositions as well as developing scenarios of use, experimenting with prototypes, and organizational transformation. As such, this methodology addresses the dual challenge of rigour and relevance by producing both scientific and practical knowledge.     

Accounting for the formation of scientific fields in organization studies

There are few qualitative organizational accounts that explore the constitution of scientific fields in management. We developed a methodology for understanding the academic modes of scientific knowledge production in management research from the perspective of the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and actor-network theory (ANT). SSK and ANT offer a way to account for how scientific fields in organization studies are enacted. Key to this process are splitting and inversion of statements; credibility and network formation; and the concepts of credit, trajectory, and position. Specific statements making key knowledge claims (e.g., handbooks, special editions) are situated in academic practices that obscure those rhetorical strategies that enable the production of a network of knowledge that can act, organizationally, as a more or less unified sub-field. We take as a starting point a collection of texts, dated 2011, which sought to systematize the main currents of a disciplinary sub-field during the last decade, focusing on how statements are transformed into scientific certainty and how the question of credibility is established. The sub-field is that of organizational learning (OL). The particular language of OL relies on approaches that make its epistemic assumptions intelligible within a network. It is a language that tends to reify and naturalize specific practices that become accredited as organization learning. The material/textual artifacts that sustain these practices, instead of being reified, can be reframed as enacting a scientific field whose resignification acts upon the network that enabled its existence.     

资源约束下可打断项目组合选择模型研究

首先,本文在已有可打断项目组合选择模型的基础上,引入了消耗性资源和可更新资源约束,构建了一个更符合实际的新模型;其次,为了达到模型简化的目的,本文给出了资金约束的现值表示,并给出了理论证明;最后,利用GAMS对模型进行了算例分析。数值实验结果表明：1）资源约束下的项目打断有时可以给企业带来积极效益,这有别于已有的研究;2）在考虑资源约束的情况下,资源消耗少且同时收益高的项目应优先执行;3）当资源的供给量较少时,资源约束是决定项目选择的关键因素。此外,通过企业实际的案例对数值实验结果进行了验证。     

A process for hierarchical decision making with multiple objectives

This research was motivated by a recurring management problem of a large service organization in Philadelphia. The problem concerns the contraction of service facilities. Typically, management decisions of this type and magnitude affect the entire management hierarchy. Each manager in the hierarchy may have several objectives with respect to the problem. The perspective of each manager can contribute to the decision-making process by providing additional insight into both (a) what should be done and (b) the resistance to implementation which may result. Thus the output of this research is not a solution to a particular problem but rather a process for providing critical information for decisions of this type. This paper generalizes the information gathering process and presents the results of eliciting objectives from managers, formalizing objectives into measurable attributes, and interacting with the decision makers to use their implicit preference relationships over the set of Pareto-optimal alternatives. Intuitively, the procedure is appealing as it is flexible enough to allow formal input from all pertinent decision makers in the organization, it is hierarchically consistent, it is politically acceptable, and it is not cumbersome to apply.     

虚拟科研团队中成员个性与知识贡献关系的实证研究

虚拟科研团队已经成为跨国校际研究合作的一种发展趋势。在远距离虚拟科研团队中,成员是否愿意分享本地知识将关系到整个团队项目的成败。本文借用社会交换理论,提出团队成员的个性差异变量会影响知识共享行为的假设,并通过对21个虚拟科研团队151名成员的问卷调研发现:与经典的组织理论假设相反,在虚拟科研团队中,成员交换意识越强,经济收益和社会收益对知识贡献行为的正面影响越弱。这一研究启示了虚拟科研团队在选择激励机制时应重视激励因素与成员个性因素的交互作用,避免负面影响。     

A pivotal role for physician executives

Physician leaders are needed to fill a pivotal role in the health care industry of the '90s. Medical education based solely on traditional scientific methods will continue to produce physicians with excellent clinical and research skills. However, study of science alone will not produce physician leaders. Effective leaders will also need to understand the tools and concepts of organization and management. These leaders will need to participate in the process of formulating and implementing policies to promote the development of economical financing and delivery arrangements while simultaneously improve the quality of care provided.     

Operations research from the viewpoint of general systems theory

This paper examines the operations research process from the viewpoint of General Systems Theory. The components of the OR process and the relations between them are critically examined. The five components are: (1) the “reality” of the problem situation, (2) the conceptual model of the problem situation, (3) the scientific model of the conceptual model, (4) the solution to the scientific model, and (5) the implementation of the solution. The paper argues that we have sub-optimized both our knowledge (study) and our application of the OR process. That is, there have been extremely few studies and applications of OR which have concerned themselves with OR from a whole systems point of view. The paper argues that without a whole systems perspective OR can neither be understood nor effectively applied.