Questions on the Theory of Democracy

ＴｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｔａｓｋｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｍｗｉｔｈＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ａｎｄｉｓａｌｓｏｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｎｄｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｇｕａｒａｎｔｅｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｈ…     

A Look at the Future of Studies on the History of Literature—Commentaries on the '95 Hong Kong International Symposium on "Reflections on the History of Chinese Literature

Aninternationalsymposiumon"ReflectionsontheHistoryofChineseLiterature"washeldfrom13to15October1995inHongKongandhostedbytheDepartmentofHumanities,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.AmongthosewhoattendedthesymposiumwerescholarsfromthemainlandofChina,t…     

Thoughts on the Innovations of the Chinese Securities Market

ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｉｅｓｍａｒｋｅｔｈａｓｇｒｏｗｎｔｏａｎｅｗｌｅｖｅｌａｆｔｅｒａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｆｒａｐｉｄｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎａｎｄｈａｓｒｅａｃｈｅｄａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔ.Ａｓｗｅｌｌ,ｔｈｅｉｎｈｅｒ ｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｒａｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｓａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｇｒｏｗｔｈｈａｖｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｔｈｅｆｏｒｅ .ＡｓＣｈｉｎａｗｉｌｌｓｏｏｎａｃｃｅｄｅｔｏｔｈｅＷＴＯ ,ｗｈｉｌｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａ…     

The Theory on the Value of Labor

Thevalueoflaborisatheoryofcommodityeconomy.Toestablishthesocialistmarketeconomysystem,Chinaneedstodrawtheoreticalstrengthfromthetheory.Thisessaysetsouttoinvestigatetheformationanddevelopmentofthistheory,andtopresentsomePOintsfordiscussion.KarlMarxcriticallyinheritedthescientificresultsofclassicaleconomicsand,basedonitsgreatdiscoveries,hecomprehensivelydiscussedanddevelopedthetheoryconcerningthevalueoflabor.Marxcanbesaidtohavefinalizedthescientifictheoryonthevalueoflabor.Whatwerethecontributi…     

A Reassessment of the Class Basis of the 1911 Revolution-With Comments on the Different Views on the Nature of that Revolution among Scholars from Taiwan and the Mainland

ⅠTheconsensusamongChinesehistoriansisthatthelower-middlestratumofChina's"nationalbourgeoisie"constitutedtheclassbasisofthe1911Revolution.Theoriginsofthispropositionmaybetracedbacktothel95os.Chinesehistorianshavealsoproposedthreestratificationsforthisclas…     

Philosophical Reflections on the Course of Modernization of Chinese Culture

本文对中国文化现代化的发展历程做了总体回顾与评析。作者认为,对现代性的追求构成了中国文化现代转型的基本思想主题:就发展演进的内在逻辑而言,现代中国文化走过了一个现代化的价值理想从“外在冲击”到“内在转化”的过程;中国文化现代转型的主要成就包括在特殊的历史条件下延续中国文化之民族慧命、在一定程度上使中国文化具备了现代文化的价值取向与思想框架、中国文化的世界化迈出了坚实步伐等三个方面;人类文化发展中后现代转向的出现使中国文化面临新的两难困境;面向21世纪,中国文化必须通过新的综合与新的创造,切实完成既实现价值系统从前现代向现代的转换又超越西方式现代性的双重任务。     

Developments in the Study of Confucianism on the Mainland of China in Recent Years

I.AttitudesTowardsthe"ConfucianismCraze"AnincreasingnumberofstudiesonConfucianismhavebeenconductedonthemainlandinrecentyears,andthereisevensomethingofa"craze"forConfucianism.Papershavebeenreadatlargesymposia,journalshavebeenpublished,lectureshavebeengiven…     

A Sociological Report on the Present Conditions of the “New Group of the Unemployed”

The fixed pattern of thought in stud- ies on laid-off workers and unemployment over recent years is that in talking about this problem people tend to refer only to laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises, or at most include those from enterprises that were originally collectively owned. However, there exists in our society another huge group of the unemployed, known as the “new group of the unemployed,” which has received little attention. For the members of this group we lack not only…     

On the Character of Universality:A Comparative Study on the Mor-phology of the Traditional Phi-losophies of China and the West

Since the era of Plato and Aristotle,Western philosophy has defined the pursuitof universal knowledge as its final goal, lead-ing to the rise of the absolute concept ofuniversality and the world of absolute prin-ciples composed of universal concepts. Tra-ditional philosophy in the West is a learningin search of universal knowledge while thehighest aim for traditional Chinese philoso-phy is to acquire the realm of Tao. This isthe demarcation line dividing the morphol-ogy of the traditional ph…     

Research on Popular Poems of the Tang Dynasty

I.TheSocialStratumofPopularPoemsoftheTangDvnastyInvestigationsofthesocialstratumtowhichthepopularpoemsoftheTangdynastybelongedhavesofarfocussedontheauthorsoftwogroupsofworks,WangFanzhiandHanshan.Anairofmythologysurroundsthesetwowritersandtherehasbeenconsiderabledebateabouttheirhistoricalcredibility.TheunusualwayofindicatingauthorshipofsuchTangpopularpoemsisalsosufficientinitselftodistinguishthemfromotherformsofpostQinandHandynastyliteraryworks:theyareneitheranonymousfolkworksnortheworkso…     

Symposium on the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization

Thesymposium,jointlysponsoredbytheResearchCenterfortheTheoryofBuildingSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics,CASS,andtheShanxiAcademyofSocialSciences,washeldfrom5-7November1996inthecityofDatong,ShanxiProvince.Morethan6Oexpertsandscholarsfromdifferentpartsofthecountryattended.TheparticipantscarefullystudiedtheideasoftheSixthPlenumofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),anddiscussedimportanttheoreticalandpracticalproblemsrelatedtostrengtheningtheconstructionofsocialists…     

A Preview on the Study of Literary History

Ｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎａｆａｃｔｏｒｔｈａｔｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｉｔｓｏｖｅｒａｌｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ.Ｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｔｈａｔｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｏｒｔｏｗｈｉｃｈｌｉｔｔｌｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｗａｓｐａｉｄｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ .Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ ,ｒｅｓｅａｒｃ…     

A Summary of a Symposium on Chinese Culture at the Turn of the Century

ASymposiumonChtheseCultureattheTurnoftheCentury,"sponsoredbythePhilosophyandCultureResearchInstituteundertheSichuanAcademyofforialSciences,washeldattheacademyon26oCtober1995.Scholarsatthesymposiumexaminedthetopicfromamacroscopicperspective,andinaccofdance…     

Assessing the impact of liberalising the one-child policy on the sustainability of China’s pension system

This article examines the effects of the so-called two-child policy on the future demographic structure and on alleviating the pension payment pressures. To this end, we provide population projections based on the cohort-component method and simulate the total fertility rate in different social-demographic scenarios. Actuarial models for pension fund budgets are calibrated. We found that the economic effects of the new fertility policy involve a time lag, with the predicted system dependency ratio significantly declining after 2035. The overall sustainability of pension balance will be improved, however, with the occurrence of both current and accumulated deficits delayed.     

The Influence of Globalization on the Occupational Health of Chinese Women

Under the influence of globalization, economic liberalization and integration have rendered the labor market more flexible and short-term, with more people holding more than one job. Women hold a major part of these informal jobs, which are generally not protected by standard labor legislation. Changes in the nature of employment reduce the application of this legislation. Since the government does not put into effect relevant rules and regulations or enterprises manage to overstep or bypass them, the trade union movement that serves women workers in their call for equality is also weakened. Globalization has led to the mobility of labor. A     

Reflections on the history of the Royal Society Te Apārangi

This paper uses the author’s own recently published history of the Royal Society Te Apārangi (the Royal Society) to reflect on the history of the organisation from a social sciences perspective. The Royal Society’s organisational ‘reinvention’ of itself has reflected the changing place of science and other forms of knowledge in New Zealand. The shift from the nineteenth-century amateur pursuit of knowledge to science as a specialised professional occupation resulted in the reshaping of the organisation at the turn of the twentieth century. There was a further reconstitution of the Royal Society in the 1960s; its structure no longer corresponded to the changes that had taken place in science during the twentieth century. Following the restructuring of science in the 1990s and the increased recognition that different forms of knowledge were integrated and embedded in society, the Royal Society reinvented itself once more with the inclusion of the social sciences and the humanities within its remit.     

A Survey of the Seminar on the Trend Towards Inflation and Countermeasures

Aseminaronthetrendtowardsinflationandcountermeasures,jointlysponsoredbytheBeijingKaidaEconomicAdvisoryCenter,theMacroeconomyResearchDivisionoftheInstituteofEconomicsundertheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesandtheBeiyang(Tianjin)SteelWholesaleMarket,washeldinBeijingon4March,1995.Participantsattheseminarhelddiscussionsonthecharacteristics,trend,andcausesofChina'scurrentinflationandcountermeasures.Ⅰ.CharacteristicsandTrendsoftheCurrentInflationLiuYingqiusaidhebelievedthatthecurrentinflati…     

Production Function Based on the Labor Theory of Value

ProductionfunctionisamathematicalmodelusedinWesterneconomicstomakequantitativeanalysesontheproductionprocess,andiswidelyappliedtobothinmacroandmicroeconomies.TheresultsoftheanalysisofproductionfunctioninWesterneconomicsareofgreatimportancefortheoreticalresearchandanalysisofChina'seconomy,andintheestablishmentofapolicyforoveralleconomiccontrolofthenation.However,WesterneconomicsandMarxisteconomicsarefundamentallydifferent,withdifferentsystemsoflogicandvaluejudgements.Theproductionfunctionisah…     

Cultural Considerations on the Rise of Great Powers in the Mod-ern Era

An independent and prosperous na-tional culture is a powerful spiritual force and,like material force, also serves as one of theindispensable bases and preconditions for therise of a nation-state. Under specific histori-cal conditions, the cultural-spiritual forcesometimes is more important than materialforce. Culture gives a concrete expressionto the overall national strength of a country.No nation with a backward economy andpolitical disintegration can rise into a power-ful state. Likewise, …     

A Summary of the Modernization Process of Research on Chinese Classical Literature in the Twentieth Century

ResearchonChineseclassicalliteraturethiscenturyhas,ingeneral,followedacoursecharacterizedbycontinualevolutionfromtheclassicaltothemodern.Themainfocushasbeenonthemodernizationofacademicstudies,aprocessthathasencompassedallaspectsofthediscipline,includingacademicideasandmethodologiesandtheirresultsordisciplinaryachievements,andthenurturingofacademicideasandmethodsandtalentedindividualswithinthediscipline.Classicalliteratureresearchthiscenturycanbedividedroughlyintofourperiodsonthebasisoftheresea…