慈善营销中契合度、熟悉度和产品性质对消费者响应的影响

本文通过实验设计,探讨了慈善营销中产品与慈善组织的契合度、消费者对慈善组织的熟悉度以及产品性质对消费者响应的影响,并得出了结论:契合度、熟悉度和产品性质对消费者响应存在主效应,契合度与熟悉度之间、契合度与产品性质之间存在交互效应。根据研究结论,作者针对企业选择合作伙伴、开展慈善营销提出了相应的启示。     

绿色食品信息、价值属性对绿色购买行为影响实证研究

根据EKB模型、H-S模型和消费价值模型,结合绿色食品自身特征,构建了绿色信息传播、绿色产品属性、消费者购买行为3个构面的模型。通过问卷调查,分析了绿色信息传播和绿色产品属性的直接关系程度,以及绿色信息传播、绿色产品属性对消费者购买行为的影响。主要研究结论：绿色信息传播对绿色产品属性有普遍直接影响,绿色信息传播、绿色产品价值属性对消费者购买行为有直接影响。     

企业社会责任与企业价值:营销竞争力与顾客意识的作用机理

虽然企业社会责任与企业价值相关性的研究已有数十年,但至今仍未取得一致结论,更缺乏对影响两者关系的权变因素和中间变量的探讨。为了深入分析企业社会责任与企业价值的内在联系,研究以2013-2015年501家A股上市公司为样本,从企业竞争力视角出发,选择营销这一与企业价值密切相关的经营活动,首次将营销竞争力作为中介变量展开分析,同时检验了企业提高顾客意识对两者关系的调节作用,通过构建企业社会责任对企业价值作用机理的概念模型,并使用固定效应与随机效应模型来进行实证分析,研究结果证实:企业社会责任与企业价值正向相关,而营销竞争力在两者关系中发挥部分中介作用;顾客意识正向调节了CSR对企业价值的影响,但这种效应仅在广告强度代理顾客意识时体现。研究结论有助于企业积极履行社会责任,以实现顾客忠诚度与营销竞争力的提升,经济与社会共享价值的创造。     

Consumer perceptions of trout as a food item

The impacts of socioeconomic/demographic characteristics, experiences and preferences of consumers on trout purchasing decisions were estimated using Probit and Ordered Probit regression techniques. Data from a survey of consumer purchasing behavior and personal attributes were used to deduce factors that led to either a high or low likelihood of purchasing trout products. Analysis of data pertaining to whole trout and value-added products yielded consistently different characteristics of consumers who show a high affinity toward purchasing one or more of such products. Results from these analyses were used to suggest techniques for marketing whole trout and value-added trout products to specific segments of the consumer population.     

CSR投入下产品质量决策与专利授权合同设计

良好的专利授权有助于激发企业持续创新的动力，实现专利技术的商业化和产业化，而产品质量则是决定企业能否取得市场竞争优势的关键。本文针对由专利持有企业和品牌企业组成的系统，考虑市场需求信息不对称以及品牌企业承担社会责任（Corporate social responsibility， CSR），研究品牌企业产品质量决策和专利授权合同设计问题，进而分析CSR投入对各个企业利润、消费者剩余以及社会福利的影响。研究结果表明：不同市场条件下，专利持有企业会策略性地设计专利授权合同形式，即选择仅包含"一次性固定授权费"或者"一次性固定授权费+版税提成"的专利授权合同；品牌企业CSR投入并不会影响专利授权合同的形式，但会提高一次性固定授权费；CSR投入会促使品牌企业提高产品质量，但并不一定会导致产品销售价格的提高；CSR投入虽然会降低品牌企业利润，但能有效提升专利持有企业利润、消费者剩余和社会福利。     

供应链中断下顾客缺货反应对牛鞭效应的影响研究

传统的关于供应链牛鞭效应的研究,仅关注供应链上游成员间（供应商、制造商或零售商）的协调运作,而忽略缺货发生后顾客缺货反应对供应链动态性的影响。本文利用高层级Petri-net对包含两个制造商、两个零售商的供应链系统进行建模与仿真,定量地研究不同的缺货强度下顾客缺货反应对两条相互竞争的供应链牛鞭效应的影响。研究结果表明,顾客缺货反应对缺货品牌及其竞争品牌的牛鞭效应均存在显著影响,但各种缺货反应对牛鞭效应的影响程度有所差异,且供应链中断强度（主要体现为发生缺货的品牌市场份额以及缺货持续时间）亦对牛鞭效应产生显著影响。我们建议不同产品类型（对应不同的顾客反应组合）的管理者根据品牌的市场占有率、缺货持续时间等因素对不同类型的顾客进行购买行为的引导,以缓解牛鞭效应并保持市场份额。     

心理意识因素对消费者生态文明行为的影响机理

研究了心理意识因素影响消费者生态文明行为的路径,并考察了人口统计变量对这些路径关系是否存在调节效应。结果表明,资源环境情感、社会责任意识对生态文明行为存在直接效应,资源环境感知对生态文明行为存在间接效应,资源环境知识、个人消费观念对生态文明行为既存在直接效应也存在间接效应。另外,性别、年龄、学历、收入这4个人口统计变量对于心理意识变量和生态文明行为之间的特定路径关系存在调节效应,它们影响着以上特定路径关系的有无或强弱。     

奖励推荐计划口碑对接收者的影响

奖励推荐计划(Referral Reward Program)是企业给予现有顾客物质奖励,激发其向新顾客发送口碑推荐产品的新营销策略。与自然口碑相比,奖励推荐口碑复杂的发送动机影响了接收者对其评判。基于信任和关系范式理论,本文通过三个实验探究奖励推荐口碑对接收者态度和行为意向的影响。发现:(1)奖励推荐口碑对接收者购买意向的积极影响总体小于自然口碑,原因是接收者怀疑口碑信息的可信性及不能接受推荐者因获得奖励而推荐的行为;(2)口碑沟通双方的关系强度影响奖励推荐口碑的作用,相同奖励额度下强联系奖励口碑对接收者的购买意向有积极作用,而弱联系奖励口碑作用不大;(3)增强推荐者专业能力和改变奖励分配方式对改善奖励推荐计划效果具有积极作用。     

Toward Improving Food Safety in the Domestic Environment: A Multi-Item Rasch Scale for the Measurement of the Safety Efficacy of Domestic Food-Handling Practices

To reduce consumer health risks from foodborne diseases that result from improper domestic food handling, consumers need to know how to safely handle food. To realize improvements in public health, it is necessary to develop interventions that match the needs of individual consumers. Successful intervention strategies are therefore contingent on identifying not only the practices that are important for consumer protection, but also barriers that prevent consumers from responding to these interventions. A measure of food safety behavior is needed to assess the effectiveness of different intervention strategies across different groups of consumers. A nationally representative survey was conducted in the Netherlands to determine which practices are likely conducted by which consumers. Participants reported their behaviors with respect to 55 different food-handling practices. The Rasch modeling technique was used to determine a general measure for the likelihood of an average consumer performing each food-handling behavior. Simultaneously, an average performance measure was estimated for each consumer. These two measures can be combined to predict the likelihood that an individual consumer engages in a specific food-handling behavior. A single "food safety" dimension was shown to underlie all items. Some potentially safe practices (e.g., use of meat thermometers) were reported as very difficult, while other safe practices were conducted by respondents more frequently (e.g., washing of fresh fruit and vegetables). A cluster analysis was applied to the resulting data set, and five segments of consumers were identified. Different behaviors may have different effects on microbial growth in food, and thus have different consequences for human health. Once the microbial relevance of the different consumer behaviors has been confirmed by experiments and modeling, the scale developed in the research reported here can be used to develop risk communication targeted to the needs of different consumer groups, as well as to measure the efficacy of different interventions.     

考虑顾客策略行为的易逝品定价与再制造柔性补货机制研究

本文将再制造作为一种柔性补货机制,研究了考虑顾客策略行为的易逝品定价和再制造柔性补货问题。研究表明顾客策略行为减少了零售商的期望利润,再制造柔性补货机制可以缓解顾客策略行为的影响,提高零售商的期望利润,最后分析了该机制对消费者剩余和社会福利的影响。     

企业社会责任行为中的战略管理视角理论综述

基于组织对企业社会责任(CSR)表现出的不同态度和内在动机,将企业的CSR行为划分为强制性、回应性、战略性和利他性4种类别,并在此基础上对相关理论进行回顾。通过对以往研究的比较总结,认为CSR行为在本质上作为企业的一种战略决策,受到内外部环境的共同影响并与之协同演进。由此,首次将战略管理中的协同演进观引入CSR研究,建立起CSR行为战略与组织绩效相互作用的协同演进模型,并在此模型基础上提出了下一步理论和实证研究的方向。     

‘Employees response to corporate social responsibility: Exploring the role of employees’ collectivist orientation’

Since the extant literature largely ignores the conditions that moderate the impact of CSR on employees’ related outcomes, we examine the moderating effect of employees’ collectivist orientation on the relationship of CSR. Most specifically, this study explores how individual employee differences moderate the influence of CSR on employee behavior. Using self-reports of 378 employees we examined how employees’ collectivist orientation moderates the relationship of CSR on knowledge sharing behavior through organizational identification. Three of the four components (i.e., community, employees, and consumers) of CSR positively affect employees’ organizational identification and knowledge-sharing behavior. However, while the effects of community-related CSR actions on the employees’ outcomes are stronger for individualistic employees, the effect of employee-related CSR actions on organizational identification is stronger for collectivist employees. The findings are unique in the sense that we show empirically that different employees are influenced by different types of CSR actions. The study therefore suggests that the internal affects of CSR activities depend on the nature of the employees witnessing them.     

Internet Assisted Environmental Purchasing

The use of environmental purchasing as corporate and political instruments to further improve the environmental performance of products is becoming increasingly widespread.Information technology and more specifically the Internet, offers a range of new opportunities to make environmental purchasing operational for both small and large, public and private operations. The benefits of internet-assisted environmental purchasing systems include global system access, no paper handling, ease of operation for procurement staff and a uniform and transparent treatment of suppliers.Tele Danmark Communication (TDC) is Denmark's largest provider of telecommunication services and also operates a chain of stores across Denmark selling telephones and other telecommunication products. Co-funded by the Danish EPA and in collaboration with RAMBØLL Consultants and the Institute for Product Development at the Technical University of Denmark, TDC has developed a prototype internet-assisted environmental purchasing system that covers a wide product assortment of telephones and fax machines. This case exemplifies the particular benefits of Internet systems for environmental purchasing.One role of environmental purchasing is to increase the availability of environmentally friendly products to the end consumer, be it companies, public institutions or private consumers. If published, the information that facilitates environmental purchasing may further assist the end consumer in his or her choice of products. Linking environmental purchasing systems with environmental product declarations may form a powerful marketing tool.     

Marketing Strategies and Market Prospects for Environmentally-Friendly Consumer Products1

Recent evidence suggests that the extent of consumer adoption of ‘green’ products is much less than would be indicated by the enthusiastic opinion poll evidence concerning public attitudes towards environmentally-friendly consumption. This paper reports on an empirical analysis of firms' marketing strategies and their influence on consumer demand for green products. In twenty 2–3 hour interviews with senior managers, four representative groups of markets were analysed household detergents, paper (recycled), petrol (unleaded) and automobile technology (focusing on catalytic converters). According to managers, firms' marketing strategies influenced consumer demand by making green technologies available in the fwst instance. However, barriers to supplying green products that show panty with, or better performance than, conventional technologies constrain pricing and communication efforts Managers stressed that, in the absence of clarity of green products' environmental benefits, product performance and other attributes, not green benefits, remain the main determinants of product preference and choice. Promotions focused much more on consumers than distribution channels, yet channel acceptance and support of green innovations are paramount in facilitating sales. Firms see the costs of generating and promoting desirable green technologies as barriers to diffusion in the immediate future. Legislation and/or economic incentives may help, but manufacturers are not optimistic that future green consumption rates will accelerate. The results also highlight several propositions concerning the discrepancy between consumer environmental concerns and purchasing actions which warrant further testing: there is mis-specification of green products in relation to consumers'needs; there are barriers to perceptions of green products' environmental impact and consumers' free ride due to individual self-interest.     

Interorganizational Determinants of Environmental Purchasing: Initial Evidence from the Consumer Products Industries*

Environmental purchasing consists of the purchasing function's involvement in activities that include reduction, recycling, reuse, and substitution of materials. Despite the potentially important role that the purchasing function can play in a firm's environmental activities, little research has been performed to date that examines the factors that impact environmental purchasing. The authors develop and empirically test a theoretical model that examines how interorganizational factors both drive and constrain purchasing's involvement in environmental activities. The empirical findings suggest that environmental purchasing activities will be facilitated through increased coordination with suppliers as well as downstream members of the supply chain, including retailers. The results also suggest the need for increased coordination within the firm, particularly between the purchasing function on the inbound side and marketing and distribution functions on the outbound side.     

考虑消费者网购体验滞后的产品定价研究

随着电子商务技术的发展，网络购物越来越便利。与此同时，网络购物带来的产品体验滞后也导致了消费者对产品的认知不确定性。而这种不确定性正在成为消费者策略性退货行为的主要原因，如消费者同时购买多件具有横向差异的产品，在收到货物后经亲身体验后保留一件而将其他产品退货。本文通过构建Hotelling模型，探讨了企业在考虑此种影响情况下的最优定价策略，分析得出：当消费者的退货成本增加时，企业最优定价也随之增加；消费者对产品的先验效用差异化越小，企业的最优定价也越低。同时发现，若某种产品无消费者单独购买，企业的最优定价会随消费者偏好的增加而增加；而当两种产品均有消费者单独购买且消费者退货成本较大时，企业的最优定价不但不会随消费者偏好的增加而提高，反而会随消费者偏好增加而减少。此外，本文给出了消费者策略性退货行为存在的临界条件，当消费者的退货成本高于这一临界条件时消费者的策略退货行为将消失。     

基于社会网络视角的企业社会责任行为相似性研究

本文利用国泰安数据库和锐思数据库中2010年-2012年的我国上市公司管理层数据、公司财务数据,以及润灵环球责任评级2010年-2012年我国A股上市公司的企业社会责任评级数据,从社会网络的角度出发,探索我国上市公司社会责任履行行为的相似性。研究结果发现,公司之间存在的社会网络会造成企业社会责任履行行为具有一定的相似性。当企业越是处于核心地位,越是容易传播信息,控制能力越强的时候,该公司同与之相关联的公司在社会责任履行行为方面越是具有相似性。这一结论为改善我国企业社会责任履行现状提供了一个全新的思考方向。     

考虑CSR行为意识的闭环供应链运作与协调

在考虑制造商企业社会责任(CSR)行为意识及零售商CSR投入的情形下,研究第三方回收闭环供应链的运作及协调问题。分析了制造商的CSR行为意识与零售商的CSR投入之间的交互影响关系,以及二者对闭环供应链成员及整体绩效的影响。研究表明,制造商的CSR行为意识与零售商的CSR投入均有利于降低新产品批发价格、扩大新产品市场需求、提高废旧产品回收率,且二者具有相互激励的作用。虽然制造商的CSR行为意识会导致自身纯利润减少,但却能实现更大的社会福利、改善闭环供应链其他成员及整体的绩效。“收益共享-成本共担”契约不仅可以实现闭环供应链系统协调,还能促使制造商增强CSR行为意识、零售商提高CSR投入水平。     

特色品牌海外渠道与消费群体研究:基于顾客体验和口碑传播的双重视角

特色品牌的海外市场拓展依赖优质的顾客体验和高效的口碑传播,有限的海外市场资源条件下,如何选择品牌介入的渠道和目标顾客尤为关键。基于消费者购买行为和口碑传播理论,本文通过构建具有小世界特征的海外特定区域消费者网络,探讨了考虑渠道顾客体验的特色品牌购买意愿,分析了消费者个体间品牌口碑传播的影响因素与过程机制。使用Matlab建模与仿真方法,多情景设计的模拟实验结果显示,消费群体间口碑影响的差异程度越明显,特色品牌的口碑传播速度显著变缓、潜在消费者数量大幅减少,不同类别销售渠道在推动品牌口碑传播和吸引目标消费群体两个方面的作用呈分化趋势,此时应围绕具有影响力、联结紧密的消费者群体开展针对性营销。在消费者群体间差异显著的海外市场,设立实体直营渠道能迅速提升购买意愿,但在消费者规模较大且居住分散区域,尤其是规模少数群体占主导影响力时,适时借助网络渠道在消费者覆盖方面的优势,有助于发展更多具有较高购买意愿的潜在消费者。该研究对指导特色品牌的海外市场拓展,特别是面对海外多元消费群体的复杂社会背景,在初始消费群体选择和销售渠道设计方面具有理论支持与实践指导价值。     

不同CSR分担模式下的闭环供应链销售努力与定价决策

本文研究考虑企业社会责任(CSR)闭环供应链的定价及销售努力问题,在制造商、零售商以及二者联合承担CSR三种模式下,分析了CSR行为对闭环供应链销售努力及定价策略的影响。研究表明,无论在何种CSR分担模式下,成员企业的CSR行为不仅有利于降低产品价格,提高零售商的销售努力水平、产品销量及废旧产品回收效果,还有效的增加了制造商的社会福利、第三方及系统的总利润。当制造商或零售商单独承担CSR时,第三方及闭环供应链整体的利润均相等且大于二者联合承担CSR时。当制造商和零售商联合承担CSR时,二者的社会福利均大于其单独承担CSR时,且主导零售商的社会福利较之制造商更大。