Internal versus External Control: An Analysis of Board Composition and Ownership in UK Takeovers

This paper examines the relationship between board composition, ownership structure and takeovers in the UK in the period 1989–1993. We compare board composition and ownership characteristics for a sample of 166 takeover targets with a matched sample of nontarget firms. We further disaggregate our sample depending on target management's attitude to the bid as well as the eventual outcome of the bid. We find little difference between board composition and ownership structure between all targets and the control group of nontargets. However, when we disaggregate the samples, we find that hostile targets are more likely to have different individuals in the role of chairman and CEO, and exhibit significantly lower levels of managerial ownership compared to both the control group of nontargets and targets of friendly takeovers. We also find that managerial ownership is positively related to takeover success. Overall, our results support the findings of a number of recent studies in the US by highlighting the important role managerial share ownership plays in the takeover process.     

Modeling Network Management: An Examination of Internal and External Strategies

Within the last decade scholars have begun to emphasize the importance of exploring management within an inter-organizational context (O’Toole and Laurence Public Administration Review 57(1):45-52, 1997; Agranoff and McGuire 1999; O’Toole and Meier Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 9(4): 505-526, 1999). These studies have demonstrated the importance of network management on organizational performance. However, McGuire (2002) argues that the literature on networking does not demonstrate the intricate activities of network management that lead to increased performance, asserting case studies are necessary to achieve this goal. This work uses large-n data and presents the concepts of internal and external networking as a framework for understanding how network management contributes to improved organizational performance.     

公司内部治理机制与会计信息质量研究

公司治理包括内部治理与外部治理,两者互为联系、相互依存,都与会计信息质量问题密切相关.本文着重对公司内部治理结构进行解剖,分析股权结构的不合理和权力制衡,及其与通用会计准则执行的行为选择的互动关系,同时结合中国上市公司实际阐释公司内部治理结构与会计信息质量之间交互关系.     

现代公司治理结构与会计舞弊关系的实证研究

本文以我国证券交易所成立至2003年12月31日期间被证监会公开查处的财务报告舞弊的上市公司为样本,比较全面地选取了分别代表公司治理结构中董事会特征、监事会特征、经理层特征、股权结构等方面的14个指标对公司治理结构与会计舞弊之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果发现内部人控制度、国家股比例、股权制衡度与财务报告舞弊显著正相关,法人股比例、股权集中度、高级管理层持股比例与财务报告舞弊显著负相关。     

高管集权、内部控制与会计信息质量

公司内部治理的核心之一是选择一个恰当的权力配置结构,以有利于增进公司各种制度和政策的执行效率.本文研究公司高管的权力配置结构对公司内部控制与会计信息质量之间关系的影响.采用盈余管理和财务重述衡量会计信息质量,本研究发现:(1)公司的内部控制质量与会计信息质量正相关;(2)公司内部控制对会计信息质量的提升作用受制于公司内部高管的权力配置结构.在高管权力集中的情况下,内部控制的改善对会计信息质量并没有明显的提升作用.本研究对公司内部控制制度的后续建设和实施乃至公司治理结构的改进均具有一定的启示意义.     

The Role of Internal and External Complexity in Global Factory Performance: An NKC Application

The global factory literature suggests that MNCs can take advantage of global operations by extensively offshoring and outsourcing activities. However, the added difficulty for the lead firm to coordinate the resulting complex structure is often underestimated. Evidence could be found in Boeing's 787 Dreamliner project, in which the external complexity disrupted MNC performance. Motivated by the gap between theory and practice, this study focuses on systems of MNCs connected with each other with supplier-client relationships and/or outsourcing. In particular it investigates the interplay of the internal and external complexity in such systems and how their balance affects the system performance. The study models the internal and external complexity by using the NKC-simulation methodology and adjusting it to the specific MNC context. The NKC methodology is widely used in organization theory to study complex systems. Simulations comparing the performance of MNCs that use outsourcing to different degrees indicate that a balanced level of internal and external complexity is beneficial in the context of global factory.     

浅谈会计电算化信息系统环境下的内部控制

随着计算机的迅速发展和广泛应用,实行会计电算化的企业也越来越多,会计电算化的实行给企业的内部控制带来了很多的问题.本文主要分析会计电算化信息系统环境下的内部控制存在的缺陷,并针对这些缺陷提出建立内部控制的具体方法,以确保系统能够正常、安全、有效地运行.     

会计信息质量制约因素的经济学分析

会计信息质量已成为社会关注的焦点,会计信息质量的评定标准最终取决于会计目标的定位,只有满足会计目标要求的会计信息才是高质量的信息.然而,在追求高质量的会计信息的同时,更不能忽略时会计信息质量产生制约的各种因素.也只有充分关注各种制约因素,才能更加客观地评价会计信息质量,并采取相应对策使会计信息质量不断提高.会计活动具有浓郁的社会属性,那么,会计信息也必然受到社会经济环境、政治环境等因素的影响和制约.因此,本文从经济学视角对此问题进行分析.     

传统会计信息系统的改造:价值链环境下的会计信息系统

本文从分析传统会计信息化的理论依据及其弊端出发,阐述了价值链管理与会计信息化的内在联系,提出利用价值链管理的理论对传统的会计信息系统进行改造,并从目标定位、价值链环境下会计信息系统的框架结构等5个方面对价值链环境下的会计信息系统进行了比较全面的探讨。     

An Improved Framework for Uncertainty Analysis: Accounting for Unsuspected Errors

I use an analogy with the history of physical measurements, population and energy projections, and analyze the trends in several data sets to quantify the overconfidence of the experts in the reliability of their uncertainty estimates. Data sets include (i) time trends in the sequential measurements of the same physical quantity; (ii) national population projections; and (iii) projections for the U.S., energy sector. Probabilities of large deviations for the true values are parametrized by an exponential distribution with the slope determined by the data. Statistics of past errors can be used in probabilistic risk assessment to hedge against unsuspected uncertainties and to include the possibility of human error into the framework of uncertainty analysis. By means of a sample Monte Carlo simulation of cancer risk caused by ingestion of benzene in soil, I demonstrate how the upper 95th percentiles of risk are changed when unsuspected uncertainties are included. I recommend to inflate the estimated uncertainties by default safety factors determined from the relevant historical data sets.     

不对称信息下第三方物流中的委托代理分析

第三方物流中物流服务外包方与物流服务提供商之间的关系是一种委托代理关系.本文运用委托代理理论,通过第三方物流中物流服务外包方与物流服务提供商之间委托代理关系的讨论,分析了非对称信息下第三方物流的委托代理问题及最优激励选择问题.并通过第三方物流最优激励拓展分析,进一步探讨了第三方物流最优激励合同的影响因素,提出了建立物流服务提供商最优激励的政策建议.     

An Econometric Analysis of Strike Activity in the Brazilian Industrial Sector

A data set on strike activity for Brazil during the period between 1983 and 1993 is used to produce results based on statistical methods of frequency and duration analysis. The obtained results of frequency and duration of strikes, including their relationships with some macroeconomic variables, are compared with ones from similar studies using data from the USA and Canada. The comparison shows that there seems to be a common pattern of results in these countries. An explanation for the observed features of these patterns is then sought in the context of game‐theoretic models of bargaining, and suggestions for future research in the area are given.     

Italian Urban Plans: Diversified Approaches and Methods for Assessing Their Quality

This article poses the difficult task of providing a brief overview of Italian urban planning, difficult to understand for foreign observers because each Region has different legislation and urban planning tools. The paper describes an original methodology that evaluates the quality of the approach differentiated as (1) ‘of the plan’ (reformist, participative, from the territory); (2) ‘in the plan’ (integrated strategic, sustainable); (3) ‘with the plan’ (conformative, methodological, recompositional, systemic-infrastructural); and (4) ‘beyond the plan’ (beyond governance methodologies). The paper also compares aspects of quality present in plans for large, medium and small Italian cities. The conclusions review factors of excellence that may be used in other international scenarios.     

An Exploratory Analysis of the Value of the Skills of IT Personnel: Their Relationship to IS Infrastructure and Competitive Advantage

Determining and assessing the requisite skills of information technology (IT) personnel have become critical as the value of IT has risen in modern organizations. In addition to technical skills traditionally expected of IT personnel, softer skills like managerial, business, and interpersonal skills have been increasingly cited in previous studies as mandatory for these employees. This paper uses a typology of IT personnel skills—technology management skills, business functional skills, interpersonal skills, and technical skills—and investigates their relationships to two information systems (IS) success variables, IS infrastructure flexibility and the competitive advantage provided by IS. The study investigates these relationships using the perceptions of chief information officers (CIOs) from mostly Fortune 2000 companies. The contributions of this study are: IT personnel skills do affect IS success, technical skills are viewed as the most important skill set in affecting IS infrastructure flexibility and competitive advantage, and modularity is viewed as more valuable to competitive advantage than integration. Several explanations are offered for the lack of positive relationships between the softer IT personnel skills and the dimensions of IS success used in this study.     

浅析契约关系下经理人会计行为

进入新世纪以来,我国企业在快速发展的同时,也不得不去面对虚假会计信息带来的各种财务丑闻,虚假的会计信息影响着企业自身的发展和我国经济环境的完善.企业是一系列契约的耦合体,各种契约关系既会影响经理人的会计行为,同时企业经理人的会计行为也会对各种契约的签订和履行产生重大的影响.本文从契约关系角度出发,分析了契约理论与各方面的关系,提出了规范我国经理人会计行为的建议.     

企业内部服务质量、关系质量对内部顾客忠诚的影响机制:基于内部营销视角的实证研究

本文基于内部营销视角,揭示内部服务质量的各个组成因素之间的关系以及内部服务质量对关系质量的影响,进而探索内部服务质量、关系质量对内部顾客忠诚的影响机制。通过对某电信企业内部238份员工样本的采集分析,提出并验证内部服务质量(含实体环境质量、交互质量和结果质量)、关系质量(含内部顾客信任、满意)对内部顾客忠诚的影响机制整合模型。研究发现,内部服务质量的三个维度之间确实存在层级叠加作用,而服务质量则会通过信任这一中介变量影响内部顾客的满意、承诺。内部关系质量的三因素中,内部顾客的承诺水平对内部顾客的忠诚度有直接正向影响,提高对内部顾客的承诺水平是提高内部顾客忠诚度的关键。     

Food Risks on the Web: Analysis of the 2017 Fipronil Alert in the Italian Online Information Sources

In the summer of 2017, several European Union Member States were involved in a food alert caused by the presence of fipronil pesticide residues in chicken eggs. The food alert became a major news and received wide coverage both in the mass media and on the Internet. This article describes a study that analyzed how the Italian online information sources represented the fipronil alert, using web monitoring techniques and both manual and automatic content analysis methods. The results indicate that the alert was amplified because general news media could represent the alert within the frame of a political scandal, and because different social actors exploited the case. However, online information sources correctly communicated that the risks for consumers were low, reporting mainly what was officially communicated by the Italian health authorities. The study provides empirical evidence on how the online information sources represent food risks and food alerts and offers useful indications for health authorities in charge of the public communication of food risks.     

会计信息系统财务与业务集成分析

本文主要从软件应用、理论研究、信息系统集成角度分析会计信息系统发展各阶段会计信息系统的特征、财务与业务集成的程度,以及国内外学者的研究重点和亟待解决的问题,并介绍了协同商务环境下的会计信息系统的特征,发展现状和亟待解决的问题。     

消费者信心对顾客资产驱动因素与顾客忠诚意向关系的调节作用研究——以银行业为例

根据我国六大银行688条顾客数据,运用MLwiN 2.10Beta软件进行了分层回归建模,探索消费者信心对我国银行业顾客资产驱动因素与顾客忠诚意向间关系的调节作用。研究发现,价值资产与顾客忠诚意向、品牌资产与顾客忠诚意向之间的正向关系随消费者信心的减弱而减弱。消费者信心对关系资产与顾客忠诚意向之间的调节作用不显著。由此,解决了银行业战略营销投资的优先次序问题,分析了消费者信心变化对消费者行为产生的影响,并为在消费者信心低迷或高涨的不同情境下,银行应采取的营销策略提供了实证支持。