未成年犯社区矫正的几点思考

对未成年犯进行社区矫正,是近年来世界各国刑罚执行制度的一个发展趋势。目前。在我国社区矫正试点工作中,罪行轻微、主观恶性不大的未成年犯罪人被确定为社区矫正的重点对象之一。对未成年犯进行社区矫正,有利于对未成年犯的再社会化,能够有效地克服对未成年犯监禁刑罚的弊端,有利于合理配置未成年犯行刑资源.我国未成年犯社区矫正的。实践刚刚开始,推进试点工作首先应当着力于相关法律的完善,其次,各地在试点工作中还应当选择适合未成年犯特点的社区矫正项目。     

Community Reentry and Older Adult Offenders: Redefining Social Work Roles

The number of older adults in US prisons continues to rise. In 2002, adults ages 50 and older made up 8% of the US prison population, up from 4% a decade prior. Many older offenders are released to communities that are poorly equipped to meet their special needs. and largely unprepared for the social and fiscal costs of their reentry. The focus of gerontological social work education on the returning older adult offender has been limited. This article examines social work roles in the community reentry/reintegration of older adult offenders. Best practices from the gerontological social work literature are presented and implications for social work practice are discussed.     

Public Perceptions About Sex Offenders and Community Protection Policies

Sex offenders and sex crimes provoke a great deal of anxiety in our society, and over the past decade, lawmakers have passed a variety of social policies designed to protect the public from sexual victimization. The purpose of this study was to examine public perceptions about sex offenders and community protection policies. Data were obtained from a sample of 193 residents in Melbourne, Florida. It was hypothesized that the public holds some inaccurate beliefs about sex offenders, and that there is strong public support for community protection policies. It was found that community members believe that sex offenders have very high recidivism rates, view sex offenders as a homogeneous group with regard to risk, and are skeptical about the benefits of sex offender treatment. The hypothesis that public perceptions contradict empirical research was supported. Community members were overwhelmingly in favor of public disclosure of information about registered sex offenders, although they did not express as much support for residence restrictions. Implications for public policy, and for the media's role in shaping public perceptions, are discussed.     

Community Involvement: Theoretical Approaches and Educational Initiatives

Efforts to increase involvement of citizens in their communities are now widespread. We discuss key forms of community involvement, such as community service and volunteerism, broadly, and educational initiatives that promote involvement (e.g., service–learning courses) more specifically. There are benefits to be achieved by the promotion of involvement, but also potential drawbacks. As an example of one approach to investigating community involvement, we review research on the interactive influence of person–centered functional variables (e.g., motives) and situation–centered structural variables (e.g., program features) on prosocial action. Ultimately, we call for greater attention to be paid to all of the constituent groups in the community involvement spectrum and the necessarily respectful and equitable relationships that must be forged among them.     

社区服刑人员生活适应状况研究

本文以对河北省某市166名社区服刑人员调查数据为依据,从居住情况、经济收入和人际交往三个方面描述了社区服刑人员的生活适应状况.同时,用六个变量分别与该三个方面做交叉表并进行卡方检验,发现文化程度、婚姻状况、有无服刑经历和户籍对社区服刑人的生活适应有影响,性别与年龄没有影响社区服刑人员的生活适应.     

北京市社区建设中的制度创新

城市社区建设的基本目标是民主自治 ,北京市在社区实践中进行了一系列的制度创新 ,具体包括资源获得机制、社区参与机制、社区工作机制、社区意识的整合机制、社区控制与监督机制和社区激励机制等。此外 ,为更好实现民主自治 ,还需要考虑到每个社区的实际情况 ,避免社区建设落入“模式化”的陷阱 ,理顺政府与居委会的关系 ,重视社区领导的素质与社区工作成效的关系等等     

社区亲子互动健身器材创新设计与运用

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,社区户外健身场所建设也如火如荼.而健身器材是支撑其发展的重要载体.基于亲子的互动性需求,针对现有的健身器材、健身环境的体验展开分析,对社区户外健身器材交互设计方法进行创新设计.通过趣味的、体验感舒适的互动型健身器材,使原本枯燥乏味的健身锻炼变得更丰富、更具趣味性.     

Part Aboriginal Juvenile Offenders: Some Considerations of Care and Treatment

Among child care workers there has in recent times been an increased interest in the care and treatment of part aboriginal juvenile offenders in corrective care. This paper briefly discusses some current treatment approaches and makes a number of recommendations on alternatives. In particular it is suggested that there is a need for special training colleges or centres to meet the needs of these young people.     

Classification of Juvenile Offenders and Ecological Factors

The study was concerned with the relationship of social ecology to types of juvenile delinquency. In comparison with ecology designated (in an earlier study) as ‘Low socio-educational status’, the delinquent from an area with an ecology designated as ‘Individual-social-economic alienation’ was found to be more likely: to offend alone and not be motivated by gain, to abscond from legal custody, to have a history of neuropsychiatric conditions, to come from a broken home and a small family, not to reside with his parents, to leave school before reaching form three, and to be given two or more probations before committal to an institution. The delinquent from 'Low socio-educational status' area was more likely: to offend in company and be motivated by gain, not to abscond, not to have a history of neuropsychiatric conditions, to come from an intact home and a large family, to reside with his parents, to reach at least form three before leaving school, and to have no more than one period on probation before being committed to an institution. The differences appeared to be consistent with the often used criminological distinction between individual and social delinquency.     

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Various Approaches to Visiting Isolated Community Elderly

Two studies were conducted evaluating the effectiveness of friendly visitor programs in increasing clients' life satisfaction. Study 1 found no difference between face-to-face visiting, phone visiting, and a no treatment control on client life satisfaction. Study 2 found a marginally significant difference in favor of a personal history approach over a companionship approach to visiting in increasing client life satisfaction. Clients' living situation (alone or with others) had no effect on changes in life satisfaction in Study 1. However, in Study 2 clients who lived with someone increased their life satisfaction more than clients who lived alone.     

Into the Community: A Comparison of Care Management and Traditional Approaches to Resettlement1

The resettlement of people with learning disabilities (mental handicap) from long-stay hospitals has been under way for a number of years in England. This process has generally been dominated by the exigencies of the available services. A needs-led approach, emphasized in recent community care legislation, in which new services are sought on the basis of the specific requirements of service users, has been used infrequently for this purpose. This paper compares the process of implementing a needs-led care management approach to resettlement with the implementation of a more traditional service-led approach. It also suggests some important lessons for the application of a needs-led approach to hospital resettlement.     

制度保障：为高职院校参与社区教育护航--基于广州城市职业学院开展社区教育实践的思考

参与社区教育是高职院校的功能之一。结合广州城市职业学院开展社区教育的实践探索,我们以为,高职院校参与社区教育发展,应具备三个方面的制度保障：一是要进一步完善财政经费制度;二是要进一步完善外部行政管理制度;三是要进一步调整学院内部管理制度。     

Co-Production and Self-Care: New Approaches to Managing Community Care Services for Older People1

A lack of management theory which is relevant to human service agencies, combined with a failure to recognize the very large contribution which older people make to their own care, makes it difficult to deliver supportive services effectively. Self care by elders is divided, in this preliminary classification, into new strategies for everyday living, the reallocation of time and the avoidance of risk. Managers who understand that service users are co-producers of care and recognize the need to manage the users, as well as their own staff and relations with other agencies, are more likely to be able to deliver good services. However the management of co-production is at present only theorized for the private sector where ethical issues are less pressing and users are customers. In future a greater understanding of co-production and the development of theory and practice which will combine the management of co-production with the empowerment of users within the public sector will be essential.     

Cyber Aggression: The Relation between Online Offenders and Offline Social Competence

Children are increasingly using computer technologies to engage in acts of aggression against peers, often termed ‘cyber aggression’. Media reports have sensationalized instances of cyber aggression, and social scientists have begun to examine its characteristics and consequences. Using a younger sample of children than most previous research (192 third‐ through sixth‐grade children), the present research evaluated grade and gender effects on cyber aggression and, most importantly, evaluated the classroom peer social consequences of engaging in cyber aggression, after controlling for traditional, face‐to‐face aggression. Children reported engaging in cyber aggression at comparable rates across grades and between males and females. Engaging in cyber aggression was related to higher rates of loneliness and lower rates of global self‐worth, peer optimism, number of mutual friendships, social acceptability, and popularity. In short, after controlling for effects attributable to traditional aggression, cyber aggression was related to significant negative peer relations outcomes.     

虚拟社群:一种新的、真实的社群形式

与社会变迁相联系 ,社群也是不断发展的。伴随着人类社会城市化的进程 ,初级群体开始衰弱 ,次级群体得以发展。信息化来临 ,网络作为第四媒体 ,催生了一种新型的社群形式 ,即“虚拟社群” ,它是围绕着共享利益或目的而组织起来 ,在网络虚拟世界进行共同活动的集体 ,不过有时候沟通和互动本身会成为目的（曼纽尔·卡斯特 ,２００１：４４２）。虚拟社群 :新的社群形式“虚拟社群终算是真实的社群吗？答案既是肯定 ,又是否定。虚拟社群确实是社群 ,但不是实质的社群 ,它不会遵循实质社群的那种沟通和互动模式。但虚拟社群并非‘不真实’ ,而是…