对实施可持续发展战略的深层思考

关于可持续发展的问题,学术界已讨论一段时间了。本文试结合我国的具体情况,探讨实施可持续发展战略的几个关键问题。     

从人类中心主义到可持续发展战略

人类已进入21世纪,却面临着一系列生态环境问题,这与传统上人们确立的人类中心主义观念有关.适应时代发展的需要,国际社会提出了可持续发展的战略,这是人类跨世纪的重大选择.要坚持这一选择,就必须重新审视人类中心主义,在思想观念上对人类重新定位,同时做到与自然相生共容,和谐发展,并且通过在哲学层面上理解可持续发展战略的内涵,树立新的社会发展观、宇宙整体观和人类价值观.     

新世纪我国面临十大人口问题

认识我国人口问题的复杂性和严峻性 ,对实施我国可持续发展战略极为重要。本文提出 :中国人口面临着就业压力问题、人口贫困化问题、人口老龄化问题、社会保障问题、人户分离问题、人口管理问题、人口性别比问题、人口素质问题、人口生态环境问题及人口城市化等十大问题 ,并针对不同问题展开了分析。     

生态减灾：我国贫困地区可持续发展的方向

一1 .消除贫困是实施可持续发展战略的要件之一改革开放以来 ,尤其是实行“八七扶贫攻坚计划”以来 ,我国在消除贫困方面取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。但是 ,在全面建设小康社会的过程中 ,我国反贫困的任务仍然十分艰巨。其中 ,一个重要的问题就是我国的返贫率 (已经脱贫的人口重     

绿色消费与我国旅游业营销战略探析

绿色消费市场正在全球蓬勃兴起,绿色消费问题已经引起社会各界的高度关注。作为天然环保型的旅游业,面对国内市场国际化、国际市场国内化的现状及绿色消费浪潮,迫切需要实施绿色营销战略,需要认真分析旅游业的绿色营销行为及其相关影响因素,通过开展绿色教育、营造绿色企业文化、设置绿色组织、实施绿色促销等途径,制定相应的绿色营销战略,以推动我国旅游业的可持续发展。     

可持续发展理论和走向二十一世纪的中国

可持续发展战略正在成为当前学术研究的热点。本文强调可持续发展是一个系统的发展理论，包括经济、社会、生态三位一体的发展体系，以人为本的发展目标，世代平等的发展伦理和科技推进的发展动力。通过对当前经济、社会、生态等可持续性问题的分析，指出可持续发展战略在中国的确立意味着中国经济社会发展正在实行第二次战略转变，意味着走向世纪之交的中国在现代化过程中将更多地关注发展的质量。本文从观念转变、基本国策、经济模式。科技体系、行为主体等方面提出了有中国特色可持续发展战略的思想框架。     

21世纪可持续发展的城市交通环境

作为20世纪人类认识世界的重大成果之一的"可持续发展"理念的确立,是人类文明史上一个重要的里程碑。"可持续发展"的观念,不仅应体现在物质资源和自然资源的永久利用与可持续发展上,还应体现在城市交通的可持续发展上。城市交通不仅是一个如何达到便捷高效,提高人流、货流通畅效率问题,也是一个从根本上改善人居环境质量,有利于可持续发展的重要战略问题。随着城市化进程的加快,城市"机动化"程度的提高,城市交通已越来越成为世界各国严重的城市问题,特别是大城市。我国的情况也是如此。世界银行专家指出,中国城市21世纪的挑战之一…     

可持续发展战略对中国立法的影响

可持续发展是一个全球性、普遍性问题,中国也把可持续发展作为一项基本国策。随着可持续战略的全面实施和深入开展,可持续发展战略与我国立法上的冲突也愈加严重,我国现有的立法指导思想、立法原则以及法律体系愈来愈不适应可持续发展的要求。它要求我们彻底转变以人类利益为中心的立法指导思想;确立以预防为主,防治结合,综合治理立法原则;修改、完善可持续发展的立法体系,以实现经济、社会、人口的可持续发展。     

矿区可持续发展障碍的生态经济学实质

矿区可持续发展是近年来学术界研究的一个热点和难点问题。由于受多种因素的影响,目前我国矿区在实施可持续发展战略中存在资源、环境和经济等多方面障碍。但无论这些障碍以何种形式出现,并对矿区可持续发展有多大的影响,其生态经济学实质都是矿区生态系统与经济系统之间关系的失调,即“流”或过程的失调、“网”或结构的失调、“序”或功能的失调。     

全面建设小康社会与技术创新战略

小康社会概念是邓小平在技术创新对现代化建设影响不断加速的背景下,吸取中国传统文化营养对中国如何实现现代化问题不断探索的重要理论创新。全面建设小康社会目标的提出是在对邓小平小康社会概念丰富和发展基础上,针对新世纪头2年战略机遇提出的社会主义建设总体目标,它向我国未来技术创新作为全面发展、协调发展和可持续发展的动力支撑提供了一种更高的任务定位。按照国家战略需求、经济发展和结构调整要求,我国应实施技术创新战略,以推进全面建设小康社会。     

人学与当代中国社会发展

人学是我国现代化建设和社会发展的必然产物和内在要求,是解决当代中国社会发展中许多重大问题的理论前提.人的塑造与人格转型,对人的理解,人的素质,人的能力评价,人性,人的能力与个性,人的发展与代价,人的存在方式、需要、利益与价值,日常社会生活中的核心文化理念等问题的解决,都需要人学以提供理论基础和前瞻性的指导.所以,人学在我国当代社会发展中有着重大的意义.     

Missed opportunity: The NTER and sustainable development outcomes for Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory

This article questions why the Labor Government has failed to fundamentally change the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) which it inherited from the Howard government, in the face of evidence which suggests that it is a development intervention unlikely to bring about sustained change. There are two major problems which this article highlights: the coercive and denigrating approach of the NTER, and its failure to address the need for Indigenous governance to drive lasting Indigenous development. Drawing on global research about the reduction of poverty and evidence about the social and economic development of native nations in other settler states, the article suggests that the NTER has been a missed opportunity for Indigenous development. Better policies would have been to address the barriers which Indigenous people identify as blocking their initiatives for development, and to support the essential work of building effective and legitimate community governance to drive development.     

Social health insurance in developing countries: A continuing challenge

This paper addresses the issue of the feasibility of "social" health insurance (SHI) in developing countries. SHI aims at protecting all population groups against financial risks due to illness. There are substantial difficulties in implementation, however, due to lack of debate and consensus about the extent of financial solidarity, problems with health service delivery, and insufficient managerial capacity. The transition to universal coverage is likely to take many years, but it can be speeded up. Adopting a "family" approach to financial protection, sustained financial support from governments and donors, and deconcentrating the development of SHI may slash several years from the time needed to achieve full universal protection against healthcare costs.     

Socioeconomic Problems in the Industrialization of Agricultural Production

The Twenty-fourth Party Congress emphasized that the approach to the solution of problems relating to the development of agricultural production, elaborated by the March (1965) Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, lies in the creation of stable economic conditions for the development of agriculture, with due regard to the entire complex of factors that influence it. This approach was the basis for the elaboration of a broad program of agricultural development and for the implementation of this program.     

India's structural transformation and role in the world economy

This paper employs (1) a three-sector structuralist model of development with informal and formal activities and (2) a global one-sector model with demand determined outputs and bargained distribution to investigate whether India's growth performance can be sustained, where the country might face constraints to growth, and how India's growth matters in the global economy.     

Development and pollution in the Middle East and North Africa: Democracy matters

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries are among the world’s top emitters of CO₂ and SO₂ in per capita terms. The objective of this paper is to analyze whether investing in the democratic development of these countries is an effective tool to make the economic development in this region more environmentally compatible. Using panel data on the income-emission-democracy nexus in 17 MENA countries from 1980 to 2005, we find evidence that improvements in the democratic development of the MENA countries help to mitigate environmental problems. Our results clearly show that the quality of democratic institutions has a greater influence on local environmental problems than on global environmental issues in the MENA region.     

The New Economy and the Forest: Rural Development in the Post‐Industrial Spaces of the Rural Alleghenies*

Objective. Government policy has long linked resource production with economic development in surrounding rural communities. The purpose of this article is to examine how the USDA Forest Service 's (USFS) resource‐based, rural development policies have shifted due to economic restructuring and environmental challenges to the “management” of nature. Methods. Historical data was gathered on USFS timber harvests and policies toward forest‐dependent communities. Data was also gathered through interviews and participant‐observation on a USFS‐supported, locally planned ecotourism project. Results. USFS rural development policies have shifted from predominantly providing federally determined, sustained timber harvests in the industrial era to increasingly emphasizing local, amenity‐based entrepreneurship and economic diversification in the post‐industrial era. Conclusions. USFS rural development policies and resource production have been de‐coupled. However, amenity‐based development may depend both on amenity migrants and sustained commitment from external sources to support local initiative, given limited entrepreneurship in rural areas long dependent on high‐wage extraction and manufacturing.     

北京城市发展与人口安全

人口发展与城市安全息息相关。北京市正在经历前所未有的、新的、全面的社会发展,因此,人口规模与生态承载、经济承载变成一个日益紧迫和严峻的问题,由此引发了大量的社会与安全问题。研究北京人口与安全的问题、对策,对北京市建设和谐社会有着十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文研究结果是,北京市至2020年可供养的最大人口数量是1800万。     

城镇化、农民工就业与经济政策选择

受全球经济危机和国内市场行业不景气的影响,农民工失业问题表现得越来越突出。基于农民工失业的表现与成因,中国发展阶段、城镇化与农民工就业的关系,我国应该实行替代性的发展战略,以解决经济增长与农民工就业的问题。为此,应采取积极措施促进农民工就业。