新功能主义视域下的东亚区域治理

新功能主义是个存在已久的一体化理论,颇受哈斯等学者的反思或质疑。但由于区域治理依赖于区域整合的发展与完善,一体化理论仍对当下区域治理研究和政策实践具有深刻的借鉴意义。为此,本文论述新功能主义在政治、外溢以及政治忠诚感等方面的理论洞见,进而探讨新功能主义对东亚区域治理的借鉴意义和价值。本文认为,研究者和决策者应该进一步关注技术、贸易、能源、渔业等特定领域的功能逻辑,促使这些领域的经济政策和政治后果得到跨国精英的认同,并在区域治理中发挥重要角色的作用。     

Regional integration in the emerging global economy: The case of NAFTA

The rationale for international trade is that nations should specialize in production and trade to take advantage of their different resource bases. The emerging global economy differs from the international economy in that resources are becoming more mobile and intra-industry trade is becoming more important. Evidence is presented that these developments require compatibility and harmonization of technical and policy standards. It is easier to harmonize standards on a regional level than globally; thus the rise of regional integration movements. However, because the standards to protect workers, the environment and intellectual property rights are so different between Mexico on one hand, and Canada and the United States on the other, it is very difficult to develop compatibility in the case of NAFTA. Negotiations over these standards will be difficult in the NAFTA region without institutional development.     

Democratic demand for a social Europe? Preferences of the European citizenry

Within the literature on European integration there is a widespread assumption that Europe is in need of intensified and more effective supranational social policy cooperation. However, on the political level it is doubtful whether such measures are welcomed by the national electorates. This article addresses this issue empirically by asking whether there is public demand for promoting greater European welfare policy cooperation and what are the determinants of such a demand. The data source used is the Eurobarometer survey 2000. A number of hypotheses dealing with socio-structural differences, the effects of welfare regime types, the subjective evaluation of the integration process and the role of identity will be scrutinised. Overall, the results indicate that at the attitudinal 'grass root' level there is no unequivocal support for a European welfare responsibility and that some fundamental cleavages are present. It is the regional and cultural aspects, especially, which turn out to be having an effect and to be influencing future political conflicts. A common European welfare arrangement, therefore, cannot be regarded as a solution to the problems the European Union is facing; rather it will raise new and severe problems of finding social and political support.     

经济一体化对地区安全的影响——以南方共同市场为例

经济一体化与地区安全之间有何关系?安全关系原本比较紧张的国家之间能否进行地区经济一体化合作?经济一体化对地区安全有怎样的影响?很多地区一体化的实践对此都难以做出回答。然而通过分析南方共同市场的已有经验,我们发现,安全关系相对紧张的国家之间不仅能够进行经济一体化合作,而且这种合作对改善地区安全有着重要的促进作用。南方共同市场成功实现了经济关系对安全关系的"外溢",使成员国之间的安全关系得到改善和发展。     

东北老工业基地资源型城市发展接续产业的理论认识

我国在对老工业基地改造中面临着三重制约 ,即资金短缺、工业化和所有制结构不合理等因素的制约 ,因此 ,需要借鉴国外成功经验 ,但又不能照搬国外的做法。东北老工业基地资源型城市转型问题必须纳入区域经济振兴视野 ,并从制度创新、区域资源整合、人力资源开发和产业调整等多角度全方位考虑 ,多管齐下 ,综合治理。     

Global–regional interaction to extend access to social protection for migrant workers: Insights from ASEAN and MERCOSUR

Universal access to social protection for migrant workers is emerging as a problematic issue in the implementation of free movement regimes at a regional level. This article focuses on the concept of regional governance as a possible mechanism to address the unsolved challenges of social security regimes to extend coverage. To this end, the article looks at current legal developments in two regional projects (ASEAN and MERCOSUR) to identify a creative approach to strengthen the development of national floors of social protection. The interest of using these case studies lies in exploring whether the regional integration process can play a major role in the progressive extension of social protection rights to migrant workers by facilitating the adoption of social security agreements.     

WTO框架下稀土纠纷可能引致之争端与解决

2010年中国对稀土元素产品的出口限制引起世界的关注,其与2009年中国原材料出口限制措施案有类似之处,均反映了中国与其他WTO成员方之间的资源＂攻守＂博弈,但其具体形式又有新发展。本文将结合WTO规则及以往争端解决实践,深入探究其实质与发展,试图提出应对措施,以期能更好地对这一潜在争端做好充分准备,维护中国的正当利益。     

印度在南亚经济合作中的作用

印度的地区和自身经济发展政策深刻影响了南亚经济合作进程。近20年来,印度对南亚经济合作的重视逐渐超过对政治、安全问题的顾虑。在其积极推动下,南亚经济联系有所加强,地区经济合作机制不断完善。但经济融合的整体水平仍不尽如人意,表现出内聚力弱、外向性强的特点。总体而言,印度在地区贸易和投资合作中发挥的作用较为有限。究其原因,主要包括印度与南亚其他国家产业基础差距较大,贸易互补性不强;贸易成本较高;南亚其他国家对印度的投资吸引力较弱,以及地区政治、安全因素干扰等。     

中国—东盟经济关系与地区整合的前景

中国与东南亚国家经济合作近年来呈现出较快发展的态势,正成为东亚地区整合的重要模式。这不仅体现在中国与东盟以及日本、韩国为预防东亚金融危机的再次发生,努力推进清迈倡议多边化的进程中,更体现在双方建立自由贸易区的过程中。中国与东盟的经济关系促进了双方关系在更多领域的发展,对构建东亚地区整合具有积极意义。中国对支持东盟在地区合作中发挥领导者作用的立场不仅稳定了双方关系,对构建东亚新秩序也具有积极意义。     

The Eurasian Economic Union: Development Prospects and Possible Obstacles

This article analyzes the development prospects and problems for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It examines issues of integration within the EAEU, as well as interactions with other countries, both CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) and non-CIS. The main problem of integration within the EAEU is the dominance of redistributive motives over productive ones. This article assesses the extent of Russian oil and gas transfers to EAEU partners and the impact of tax maneuvers on their size. It shows that the creation of mechanisms for redistributing profits within the EAEU will allow a positive economic effect to materialize from free trade agreements with non-CIS countries. The article assesses the risks for the EAEU related to Russia’s introduction of a unilateral ban on food imports from countries on the sanctions list and to the possible establishment of tariffs on trade with Ukraine.     

When Does the Public's Issue Agenda Affect the Media's Issue Agenda (and Vice-Versa)? Developing a Framework for Media-Public Influence*

Objective. The agenda-setting literature has demonstrated the media's ability to set the issue agenda for the public. One byproduct of this work is that researchers have produced some evidence suggesting that the audience will, on occasion, set the issue agenda for the media. Given disparate sets of findings, researchers do not have a framework to better understand on which issues the media will set the agenda for the public and on which issues the public will set the agenda for the media. It is the goal of this article to provide empirical support for a framework suggesting that the events comprising issue areas predetermine the direction of influence between the media's and the public's issue agendas. Methods. I construct a historical data set comprised of 35,000 stories from the nightly network news and responses to Gallup's Most Important Problem question. I look for evidence of causal influence between news issue content and public issue concerns using Granger analysis and vector autoregression. Results. Issue areas comprised of spectacular events, such as defense, will be reported by the media and subsequently affect the salience the audience assigns to those issues. In issues not normally comprised of spectacular and singular events, such as energy and environment, public issue concerns appear to drive issue coverage in the news. Issues such as transportation and education, which comprise few spectacular events and little public concern, will receive sparse coverage in the media. Conclusion. The findings provide support for a framework based on events; the types of events that typically comprise issue areas will affect the likelihood of those issues coming on the news agenda. This then affects the direction of influence between the public and the media. The framework supported here allows for the integration of the media effects and media content literatures. This has implications for understanding how the news agenda is constructed and how the commercial media meets democratic ideals.     

促进北部湾区域环境保护的思考

《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》获国务院批准实施,标志其已上升为国家战略。加快推进北部湾经济区的开放开发,既关系到广西自身的发展,也关系到国家整体发展。开发必然会给生态环境带来影响。以渤海湾区域开发带来的环境问题为镜子,加强区域政府协作及立法,建立环境保护与区域经济发展一体化决策机制,开展区域战略环评,加强部门协作,基础设施建设与科学研究并举,建立公众参与机制以及处理好区域经济发展与区域环境保护的关系。     

东北老工业基地产业竞争力提升问题研究

提升东北老工业基地的产业竞争力 ,关键在于企业的技术进步与产业结构升级。因此 ,需要依据就业、增长、带动和可持续发展的标准选择劳动密集型农业、装备制造业、社会服务业作为新兴主导产业 ,以技术进步为先导 ,通过制度创新 ,依靠市场机制实现产业整合、升级与区域经济一体化 ,进而全面提高东北老工业基地产业整体竞争水平。     

冷战后日本区域主义战略与亚洲合作进程——兼论区域共同体构建中的日本位相与趋向

冷战结束后,日本区域主义战略加速构建。该战略的发展,从冷战后到世界开启大变局(1991—2017年前后),在单极体系即美国霸权下,经历了经济中心、政经合流、政略优先等不同导向和路径的三个演进阶段,并在范畴、内容、路径、取向等方面呈现出鲜明的特点。影响日本区域主义战略架构和走向的三个主要宏观因素为日美同盟状态、中国崛起进程和日本身份认同。进一步对这些因素进行操作化,可以发现,在典型单极体系下,直接影响日本区域主义战略制定的主要自变量是日美同盟状态、中日国力差距(能力对比程度),而并非是中美关系。这两个变量的组合与互动产生出四个因变量,其中三个便是以上三阶段的差异化路径,第四个是根据三阶段路径推导出的因果关系的如下拓展分析:进入2018年后,国际变局加剧,日美同盟状态与中日实力差距的两个自变量发生"谐振",加上之前被视为先验条件的单极体系自变量与美国霸权渐行剥离、亚洲融合及一体化进程显现新态势,导致日本区域主义战略发生明显的策略性调整,朝着多向对冲、政经并重、回归亚洲、深耕地区的趋向位移。此调整为某种战略动向的端口和序曲,将在曲折反复中持续较长时期,总体上有望为亚洲区域合作与融合、深化共同...     

From industrial restructuring to the financial crisis: Mainstream nationalism and minimum income in the Basque Country

The uneven development of minimum incomes in Spain is one of the factors that explain the significant differences in the poverty indicators that characterize the Spanish regions, generally in favour of the territories most committed to these policies (Basque Country, Navarra and Asturias). However, there are other aspects that deserve some consideration when interpreting the specific method of developing minimum incomes in southern Europe. One aspect has to do with the differing dynamics of countries, such as Spain and Italy, which have opted for a decentralized regional model. In this regard, the regional autonomous initiative of the Basque Country played a decisive role in promoting minimum income programs in the late 1980s. Without its leadership in the launch of the regional minimum income policy, Spanish trade unions would probably not have opted for this method as a mechanism for combating poverty in the 1990s. No Italian region went on to play this driving role at that time. This article analyses the ideological foundations of the Basque minimum income policy introduced in the late 1980s and which grew significantly before and during the crisis that started in 2007-2008. It examines the dominant political narrative on this issue by analysing the discourse of some of the key nationalist leaders involved in the birth and development of the minimum income scheme. The approach shows that the experience of social decline linked to industrial restructuring processes was instrumental in the construction of the nationalist narrative.     

应对气候变化措施同WTO原则的冲突——理论与实证分析

与贸易有关的环境措施在GATT/WTO法律层面持续引起学者们对贸易与环境问题的激烈争论。而气候变化博弈中,WTO成员方采取应对气候变化的单边措施,可能违反了WTO的非歧视原则和其他若干规则。对从未做出碳减排承诺的国家进口的产品征收反补贴税可能违反SCM协定,TRIPs协定很难成功适用于气候友好型技术的转让与应用之中,这都是气候变化下WTO争端问题凸显的主因。本文通过探讨碳关税等应对气候变化措施与WTO的一致性,对GATT/WTO关于贸易与环境的争端解决案例进行解读,探寻气候变化下WTO争端解决的未来走向,对我国频发的贸易摩擦提出应对策略。     

DISABILITY AND PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT: A PREDICTION OF FAILURE AND A PROPOSAL FOR CHANGE

This article will argue that recent disability services legislation has selectively interpreted the concepts of normalisation and integration to focus on employment for people with an intellectual disability as a major policy goal. It will be contended that the nature of the contemporary labour market is such that this goal cannot be fulfilled and therefore that the aim of enhancing quality of life cannot be achieved. The article recommends an approach to the reorientation of policy which is based upon a critical analysis of the cultural position of people with disabilities. In this regard, the notion of cultural productivity is introduced as a framework within which some solutions may be found.     

Agriculture,trade, and macroeconomics: The U.S. case

The persistent appreciation of the U.S. dollar from 1980 through 1984 raise the issue of macroeconomic impacts on trade sectors as a critical policy concern. In this article a six-variable vector autoregressive model is utilized to evaluate the dynamic effects of macroeconomic shocks on U.S. agriculture, a key trade sector. The results suggest that the impacts are substantial. Expansion of the money supply or a decline in the real interest rate or the real value of the dollar has a positive effect on agricultural exports and relative prices, whereas autonomous inflationary shocks have negative effects.     

论东盟一体化中效忠转移的困境——从认同政治的视角考察

在东盟一体化进程中,主导性认同归属的转换以及基于此的效忠转移,并非像新功能主义所设想的那样可以轻易实现。地区认同与民族认同之间的内在矛盾和冲突,使新功能主义所预期的效忠转移陷入理论上的困境。东盟一体化既建构了地区认同,又建构了东盟各国内部的民族认同,某种程度上强化了两种认同之间的矛盾。随着一体化的深入发展,东南亚地区结构会不断演进,民族国家的政治权威也会逐渐开始转移,使认同之间的冲突逐渐弱化,进而使效忠转移在东盟未来的一体化进程中最终成为可能。     

Advances in input-output modeling: A review article

This paper takes the lead from the volume Advances in Input-Output Analysis, edited by K. Polenske and S. Skolka and then proceeds into a state-of-the-art assessment. The volume contains proceedings of the most recent international conference on input-output techniques. Contributions to the volume are appraised in assessing extensions of the input-output approach into the areas of short-run forecasting, regional analysis, environmental problems, income distribution, and dynamic analysis. The integration of the input-output model into more sophisticated economic models is then considered. The required improvements in the specification of the trade sector, the demand side, supply constraints, and technology are discussed.