基于辅助粒子滤波的DSGE模型识别方法及应用

动态随机一般均衡模型中涵盖无法直接观测的变量,同时跨方程约束涉及复杂的非线性关系使方程的解析估计难以实现。在贝叶斯框架下识别动态随机一般均衡模型,基于状态空间方法建立度量方程和状态转移方程,采用辅助粒子滤波预测条件后验分布,建立贝叶斯误差带描述宏观经济变量脉冲响应函数的动态特征。实际数据分析验证了贝叶斯识别方法的有效性。     

CGE模型中CES生产函数的贝叶斯估计

文章讨论了如何把贝叶斯统计方法应用到单个方程非线性计量经济学模型中。首先对贝叶斯统计方法进行了分析；然后以CES生产函数模型为例分析了单个方程非线性模型的贝叶斯估计问题；最后分析了常替代弹性（CES）产函数模型在不同的先验分布下的贝叶斯估计。     

基于贝叶斯PSECM模型的非线性协整能源需求研究

文章通过面板数据平滑转换模型研究影响能源需求的主要因素.针对面板数据平滑转换模型的序列差分容易造成信息缺失的问题,进行误差修正,构建PSECM模型,刻画变量的非线性特征与变量之间的长期稳定的非线性关系.由于非线性最小二乘算法难以收敛,容易造成参数估计不准确,运用贝叶斯方法分析模型结构,估计模型参数;在此基础上,对新兴市场国家进行实证分析,研究结果表明:贝叶斯算法能够准确地估计模型各参数,证明了贝叶斯PSECM模型的有效性,能源需求弹性与经济水平、能源价格、金融发展水平之间存在长期稳定非线性协整关系.     

基于多阶段抽样的贝叶斯序贯过程质量监控分析

文章针对参数随机化情况下的质量控制问题,提出了新的过程质量方法。通过质量控制模型的统计结构分析,研究了Jeffreys先验分布下参数的后验分布和贝叶斯估计,据此构造了具有预警线的过程样本均值-标准差监控图,以及贝叶斯过程能力指数评价模型;然后,将过程状态稳定的模型参数后验分布作为下一阶段的参数先验分布,进行样本数据信息融合、模型迭代更新,建立了基于共轭先验分布的贝叶斯序贯均值–标准差监控和贝叶斯动态过程能力指数估计模型。研究结果表明:与现有的统计过程质量控制方法比较,贝叶斯序贯过程质量监控方法能够融合产品质量指标的历史信息,及时更新过程控制限,动态监控过程质量波动。     

贝叶斯方法在污水处理收费研究中的应用

污水处理收费已经成为重要议题，动态收费制度相比静态收费优势明显，但收费比例的准确估计仍有待研究。以贝叶斯方法为框架，构建的污水处理动态收费模型假设合理，灵活有效。对参与者不同策略给出的模型例证，表明了应用贝叶斯方法的优点。     

基于贝叶斯自激励门限自回归模型的中国GNP经济分析

文章通过建立贝叶斯自激励门限自回归(SETAR)模型,对改革开放30年来我国国民生产总值(GNP)年度增长率的变化趋势进行了分析研究。采用贝叶斯统计推断方法估计出所建立模型的参数,并对近几年GNP做了相应的预报研究。研究表明在此后几年内我国GNP与GDP仍不能同步增长,且增长率有逐步拉大趋势,GNP的增长率呈非线性缓慢上升。     

中国FCI构建及其对通胀的非对称性效应--基于BDFA-VAR模型和MS-VAR模型的实证分析

基于构建的贝叶斯动态因子增广VAR(BDFA-VAR)模型,从20个金融指标中提取6个贝叶斯动态公因子,来构建中国贝叶斯动态因子金融状况指数(BDFFCI),并分析其与通胀的关联性,进而使用MSVAR模型分析其对通胀的非对称性效应。结果表明中国BDFFCI的突出特点是与通胀有很长期限的高相关性,领先通胀1¹4个月,是通胀更长期限的先行指标,且其汇率、货币供应量等公因子权重较大,说明中国货币政策是价格和数量综合型的。建议政府机构定期构建中国BDFFCI。     

粒子滤波算法在贝叶斯模型中的应用

文章首先介绍了粒子滤波算法,然后将粒子滤波算法应用到一类特殊的贝叶斯动态模型中,并得到有关结论.     

基于非线性ECM模型的贝叶斯门限协整研究

 现有门限协整检验方法由于模型似然函数具有多峰、不连续特征,导致冗余参数识别存在困难,最优化计算相对复杂。本文提出基于非线性误差修正模型的贝叶斯门限协整分析,结合参数的后验条件分布设计MCMC抽样方案,进行贝叶斯门限协整检验;并利用Monte Carlo仿真研究了贝叶斯门限协整检验的有限样本性质,发现贝叶斯门限协整检验方法具有良好的有限样本性质。同时,利用不同期限的美国利率序列进行了实证研究,结果发现1个月与3个月利率之间、3个月与6个月利率之间以及3个月与1年利率之间均存在门限协整关系。研究结果表明：贝叶斯门限协整检验方法解决了冗余参数识别的难题,使计算变得相对简单,并提高了估计的精确度和检验的准确性。     

两组动态古诺模型的稳定性分析

文章以有限理性的多组动态古诺模型为基础,对现有的模型进行了改进,在逆需求函数为非线性的情况下,分析了两组动态古诺模型均衡产量的稳定性,指出了Nash均衡的稳定区域及其影响因子,并作出了一些经济学解释;通过理论分析和数值模拟得出系统参数的变化以及产量调整速度的提高,将会导致系统的不稳定,从而使系统陷入混沌状态的结论;并对混沌现象的出现及其对市场、企业的影响作了有益的探索。     

Dynamic Bayesian analysis for irregularly and incompletely observed contingency tables

Pre-election surveys are usually conducted several times to forecast election results before the actual voting. It is common that each survey includes a substantial number of non-responses and that the successive survey results are seen as a stochastic multinomial time series evolving over time. We propose a dynamic Bayesian model to examine how multinomial time series evolve over time for the irregularly observed contingency tables and to determine how sensitively the dynamic structure reacts to an unexpected event, such as a candidate scandal. Further, we test whether non-responses are non-ignorable to determine if non-responses need to be imputed for better forecast. We also suggest a Bayesian method that overcomes the boundary solution problem and show that the proposed method outperforms the previous Bayesian methods. Our dynamic Bayesian model is applied to the two pre-election surveys for the 2007 Korea presidential candidate election and for the 1998 Ohio general election.     

贝叶斯隐马尔科夫异质面板模型及应用研究

针对不可观测异质性非时变假设导致的删失变量偏差及推断无效问题,构建贝叶斯隐马尔科夫异质面板模型,刻画截面个体间的动态时变不可观测异质性,诊断经济系统环境中可能存在的隐性变点,设计相应的马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛抽样算法估计模型参数,并对中国各地区的金融发展与城乡收入差距关系进行实证分析,捕捉到金融发展与城乡收入差距间长期稳定关系的隐性变化,发现了区域个体不可观测异质性存在的动态时变特征。研究结果表明各参数的迭代轨迹收敛且估计误差非常小,验证了贝叶斯隐马尔科夫异质面板模型的有效性。     

A Bayesian Approach to Model Interdependent Event Histories by Graphical Models

In event history analysis, the problem of modeling two interdependent processes is still not completely solved. In a frequentist framework, there are two most general approaches: the causal approach and the system approach. The recent growing interest in Bayesian statistics suggests some interesting works on survival models and event history analysis in a Bayesian perspective. In this work we present a possible solution for the analysis of dynamic interdependence by a Bayesian perspective in a graphical duration model framework, using marked point processes. Main results from the Bayesian approach and the comparison with the frequentist one are illustrated on a real example: the analysis of the dynamic relationship between fertility and female employment.     

Estimation in the multiprocess dynamic generlized linear model

The dynamic generalized linear model and the dynamic discount Bayesian model have been used to describe processes involving time-varying parameters. This paper develops an estimation algorithm for the multiprocess extension of these model. These algorithms have the same characteristics as Harrison-Steven forecasting, namely insensitivity to outliers and quick reaction to real change in the parameters.     

Hybrid Bayesian inference on HIV viral dynamic models

Modelling of HIV dynamics in AIDS research has greatly improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and guided for the treatment of AIDS patients and evaluation of antiretroviral therapies. Some of the model parameters may have practical meanings with prior knowledge available, but others might not have prior knowledge. Incorporating priors can improve the statistical inference. Although there have been extensive Bayesian and frequentist estimation methods for the viral dynamic models, little work has been done on making simultaneous inference about the Bayesian and frequentist parameters. In this article, we propose a hybrid Bayesian inference approach for viral dynamic nonlinear mixed-effects models using the Bayesian frequentist hybrid theory developed in Yuan [Bayesian frequentist hybrid inference, Ann. Statist. 37 (2009), pp. 2458–2501]. Compared with frequentist inference in a real example and two simulation examples, the hybrid Bayesian approach is able to improve the inference accuracy without compromising the computational load.     

A dynamic multiple-variety choice adaption model

The choice of a product on one purchase occasion by one consumer could be multiple varieties and influenced by past usage experience of this product. To mimic the real situation, this article proposes a new dynamic multiple-variety choice (DMC) model which incorporates quantitative and qualitative dynamics into an additive utility function. This model exhibits three major features of consumer purchase behavior: more than one variety purchased, learning behavior from use experience, and forgetting with the passage of time. All these are achieved by combining a simultaneous demand model with Bayesian learning theory embedded in an exponential function. The model is tested and validated using Hong Kong television viewing data. Empirical results show that including Bayesian learning in a multiple-choice model significantly improves model performance and prediction accuracy, and consideration of the effect of forgetting when studying learning behavior renders the Bayesian learning model much more accurate in practical application.     

Bayesian Analysis of DSGE Models

This paper reviews Bayesian methods that have been developed in recent years to estimate and evaluate dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. We consider the estimation of linearized DSGE models, the evaluation of models based on Bayesian model checking, posterior odds comparisons, and comparisons to vector autoregressions, as well as the non-linear estimation based on a second-order accurate model solution. These methods are applied to data generated from correctly specified and misspecified linearized DSGE models and a DSGE model that was solved with a second-order perturbation method.     

A Bayesian approach for estimating antiviral efficacy in HIV dynamic models

The study of HIV dynamics is one of the most important developments in recent AIDS research. It has led to a new understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Although important findings in HIV dynamics have been published in prestigious scientific journals, the statistical methods for parameter estimation and model-fitting used in those papers appear surprisingly crude and have not been studied in more detail. For example, the unidentifiable parameters were simply imputed by mean estimates from previous studies, and important pharmacological/clinical factors were not considered in the modelling. In this paper, a viral dynamic model is developed to evaluate the effect of pharmacokinetic variation, drug resistance and adherence on antiviral responses. In the context of this model, we investigate a Bayesian modelling approach under a non-linear mixed-effects (NLME) model framework. In particular, our modelling strategy allows us to estimate time-varying antiviral efficacy of a regimen during the whole course of a treatment period by incorporating the information of drug exposure and drug susceptibility. Both simulated and real clinical data examples are given to illustrate the proposed approach. The Bayesian approach has great potential to be used in many aspects of viral dynamics modelling since it allow us to fit complex dynamic models and identify all the model parameters. Our results suggest that Bayesian approach for estimating parameters in HIV dynamic models is flexible and powerful.     

Optimal investment and consumption with unknown parameters

An investment and consumption problem is formulated and its optimal strategy is investigated. We assume the basic binary model, but with unknown parameters. We apply the parametric Bayesian approach to formulate the problem as a sequential stochastic optimization model and use the technique of dynamic programming to characterize the optimal strategy. It is discovered that despite unknown parameters, when the power and logarithmic utility functions are treated, the optimal value function is of the same form of the utility function. The random finite horizon model is formulated as an infinite horizon model. Our results are similar to the ones in the literature having different return functions with constant relative risk aversion.     

Bayesian model averaging for dynamic panels with an application to a trade gravity model

We extend the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) framework to dynamic panel data models with endogenous regressors using a Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging (LIBMA) methodology. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the asymptotic performance of our methodology both in BMA and selection, with high posterior inclusion probabilities for all relevant regressors, and parameter estimates very close to their true values. In addition, we illustrate the use of LIBMA by estimating a dynamic gravity model for bilateral trade. Once model uncertainty, dynamics, and endogeneity are accounted for, we find several factors that are robustly correlated with bilateral trade. We also find that applying methodologies that do not account for either dynamics or endogeneity (or both) results in different sets of robust determinants.