世界民族问题作用机制的范式分析

厘定世界民族问题引发民族冲突的规律性问题,是事关保持我国社会稳定重大问题中最具代表性的研究范例.对当代世界民族问题的作用机制进行理论总结,分析民族性因素引发的民族、宗教冲突的规律性问题,可为预防民族问题引发冲突提供借鉴.     

当代世界民族问题的基本特点和发展趋势(之一)

一、如何观察和研究当代世界的民族问题如何观察和研究当代世界的民族问题 ,这是个方法论问题。关于什么是民族问题 ,江总书记在１９９２年中央民族工作会议上指出 :“民族问题既包括民族自身的发展 ,又包括民族之间 ,民族与阶级、国家之间等方面的关系。”总书记对民族问题“一个发展、三个关系”的论述 ,是全面的、完整的、深刻的。这个科学论断适合国内的民族问题 ,也同样适合我们研究世界民族问题。我认为 ,关于如何观察和研究中国的民族问题 ,有五个方面 ,即 :从国际大环境来观察和研究中国的民族问题 ;从社会主义初级阶段这个基本国情…     

关于世界民族问题发展趋势的几点看法

世界民族问题的发展有其自身特有的客观规律。但是，“9·11”事件以后，在国际政治走向新变化的影响下，世界民族问题的发展趋势出现了一些新的特点：一、 霸权主义和强权政治成为导致世界民族问题尖锐复杂、地区局势动荡不安的首要根源。认真观察当代世界民族矛盾和冲突的热点地区，从中亚到中东，再到欧洲的巴尔干地区和非洲的大湖地区，之所以战火不断，其中固然有内部民族、宗教和政治派别矛盾与冲突的因素，但是国外强权政治势力的干预却是矛盾升级、局势恶化的主要原因。二、 在国际社会联合打击的高压态势下，国际恐怖主义活动将进…     

关于当今世界民族问题与民族主义的思考

20世纪 90年代以来 ,民族矛盾和民族冲突在世界范围内又出现了新的高潮 ,民族主义问题因而也成为国内外学术界广为关注的课题。本文侧重就 90年代以来民族主义的类型和表现形式、世界民族问题泛起的原因、2 1世纪世界民族问题的走向等问题进行阐述与分析     

世界民族宗教问题热点对世界各国协调发展的警示

世界民族宗教问题热点是影响人类和平进程的主要威胁。世界各国只有通过对内、对外协调,共同致力于世界民族宗教问题热点的解决,才能化解民族矛盾,消除民族隔阂,达成民族和解,构建和谐社会,实现各国、各民族和各宗教集团间的协调发展。     

卷首语

世界民族主义问题仍然是当前人们关注的重大问题。花永兰的《当代世界民族主义论纲》比较全面地分析了20世纪末兴起的世界民族主义浪潮的成因、特点、发展趋势及对中国和国际政治、经济、文化的影响,并就中国如何应对世界民族主义问题做了论述。关于斯大林的民族定义目前人们讨论较多。徐则平的《试论民族文化认同的特殊功效-从斯大林民族定义的争论说开去》认为,斯大林民族定义中的“共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活”不应作为构成民族的基本特征,应是构成民族的基本条件。文化是一个民族区别于其他民族的基本特质和身份象征,在共同…     

试论制约民族发展的几个重要因素

题 引 民族发展是当代世界的一个普遍性课题。我国民族众多,在社会主义建设时期,民族问题方面有两大主要任务:一是在政治上建立和不断完善民族区域自治制度;一是在经济文化上谋求民族发展。这两件大事处理得好,其他民族问题也就可以迎刃而解。 什么是民族发展? 一个民族,致力于自身生命的延续;在不断改善和优化其生存环境与条件中达到良好水平;以及增强自立于世界民族之林的活力——这就是民族发展的基本涵义。     

《当代国际政治与跨界民族研究》简介

由我国世界民族研究学界知名学者、中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所研究员和学科带头人葛公尚同志主编的《当代国际政治与跨界民族研究》一书,已于2006年9月由民族出版社出版发行。该书聚合了国内十多位学者数年辛勤耕耘的精髓,反映了我国学者在国际政治视角下研究跨界民族问题的最新成果。该书包括“理论篇”、“世界篇”和“中国篇”三大部分。“理论篇”对有关跨界民族研究的若干理论问题诸如“跨界民族”的界定和分类、跨界民族的形成和发展过程、跨界民族与地缘政治等进行了深入的研究和探讨;“世界篇”对当代世界近20个跨界民族热…     

从交往合理化看民族共识的生成机制

民族共识和民族冲突一直以来都是民族研究的重要问题,民族的差异性并不是民族冲突的根源,而是民族共识的基础.在现代性背景下,传统文化与现代的激烈碰撞成为民族共识达成的主要障碍.本文试图从哈贝马斯的现代性理论出发,以交往理性为手段,考察民族共识的生成机制.哈贝马斯将现代性危机归之于生活世界殖民化,用交往合理化来重建生活世界,从而为民族共识的达成打下坚实的基础.     

当代世界犹太人口的流动与发展趋势

当代世界犹太人口的流动与发展趋势肖宪犹太人是世界上一个很独特的民族。它已有３０００多年的历史，是世界上最古老的民族之一。但千百年来犹太人却没有自己的土地和国家，他们一再受到迫害、驱逐和屠杀，被迫到处飘流，四海为家。然而他们却能始终维系自己民族的存在，...     

论马克思主义民族理论的历史发展

马克思、恩格斯就民族、民族问题提出了一些基本的理论观点。列宁继承了马、恩有关民族问题的辩证观点,创立了殖民地民族解放运动学说。斯大林发展了在一国之内解决民族问题的理论和政策体系。二战以后形成了社会主义阵营,其民族理论和政策分化为以苏联、中国和南斯拉夫为代表的三种模式。由于民族理论和政策上的失误,是20世纪90年代初期导致前苏联和东欧社会主义国家解体的重要原因之一。     

‘New concepts for unknown lands’: Deleuze and Guattari's non-nationalitarianisms

This article responds to the arguments of Hardt and Negri through the work of Deleuze and Guattari, seeking to show that the latter offer a range of concepts that reveal the diminishing role of the nation-state and national identity in the contemporary world.     

对当今世界民族问题和我国民族问题的若干思考

本文论述了当今世界存在的民族问题的类型及其对我国民族问题的影响 ,并为处理好我国的民族问题提出了具体措施。     

阿拉伯-伊斯兰世界群体文化心理蠡测(上)

曾经的辉煌与当下的衰败、曾经的核心与目前的边缘化所造成的失落感,三大圣地、《古兰经》与先知穆罕默德的相继蒙羞和遭辱所带来的受辱感,历史的创伤记忆与现实的生存困窘共同积淀成了一种顽强的集体潜意识,形成阿拉伯—伊斯兰民众仇恨与暴力相交织的心理死结,外现为以暴易暴、铤而走险甚至不断丧失自我。因此,阿拉伯—伊斯兰世界应在不断抵抗西方霸权主义对中东诸多利益的制衡中,努力变革滞后于全球化主潮的落后现状。否则,将面临更为严重的民族和地区的倒退,危及世界和平与稳定。     

National Identity between Tradition and Reflexive Modernisation: The Contradictions of Central Asia

Central Asia, one of the most understudied areas in the world, is currently going through the upheavals of modernisation and nation formation. Arguing against the one-dimensional modernist conclusion that this process was arrested during the Soviet period, the article sets out to explore the complex weave of historical continuity and discontinuity in the formation of national identity in the new states. It argues against the notion that national identity involves the necessary dissolution of traditional ties. Moreover, the article substantially qualifies the contemporary theoretical trend to treat continuing elements of tradition as merely dead images of the past, given life by instrumental elites. Instead of nationality being posited as a one-dimensional form of identity, the article sets up an approach that emphasises the contradictory layering of identity.     

Postcolonial guilt and national identity: historical injustice and the Australian settler state

In nations with a record of historical injustice, guilt about the past is deeply implicated in both efforts towards reconciliation and the construction of national identity. This is as true in notionally postcolonial nations, where past injustice is often denied or avoided, as it is in situations where conflict and injustice have been more recent, overt or visible to the rest of the world. Taking the Australian case as an example, this article considers the dimensions of historical collective guilt, and explores the implications of that guilt for contemporary national identity in postcolonial nations. It argues that until a nation is able to deal with social psychological barriers to addressing historical injustice, it is likely to construct and maintain a narrow and defensive form of nationalism.     

On the back of blackness: contemporary Canadian blackface and the consumptive production of post-racialist,white Canadian subjects

This article is based on a qualitative research project examining the phenomenon of contemporary Canadian blackface. It addresses the discursive juxtaposition of blackface with the claim to Canadian racial progressiveness that typically attends public debates about blackface. I argue that blackface and the discourses defending it are forms of racial consumption through which ostensibly progressive white subjectivities are secured. I further argue that contemporary Canadian blackface discourse is postracialist in its ability to juxtapose racist expression with claims of racial transcendence, and I identify this postracialism as a long-standing feature of Canadian national narratives that are partially constructed through revisionist understandings of the nation’s relationship to blackness, and against an ostensibly more virile racism in the US. This analysis reminds us of the symbiotic relationship between racial fetishization/fascination as found in contemporary blackface, the foundational white supremacy of the Canadian settler-colonial context, and the always uneven terms upon which blackness is included in Canada. It clarifies what is at stake for Canadians who participate in blackface and in defending it, and helps us to understand the pedagogical import of both blackface and Canadian egalitarianism for perpetuating anti-blackness in Canada.     

Forging Ukrainian national identity through remembrance of World War II

ABSTRACT

This paper explores how the collective remembrance of a specific historical event shapes the national identity that underpins a state’s foreign policy objectives. By drawing on multidisciplinary insights, the paper explains how political actors frame past events in order to promote a certain conceptualization of a national community. Taking Ukraine as a case study, the paper demonstrates how Russia’s intervention in Ukraine in 2014–2015 prompted Ukrainian policy-makers to re-define Ukraine’s relations with the EU and Russia by re-evaluating the experience of Ukrainians in WWII.     

论当代世界民族问题与宗教问题

当今国际社会的热点和难点问题几乎都与民族、宗教问题相关联。宗教问题涉入民族问题当中并与民族问题交织在一起,成为影响国际政治和世界和平的重要因素。宗教作为一种社会意识现象,一种历史积淀的文化现象,将对社会稳定、国际关系发挥长期的影响作用,各国应该趋利避害,积极引导宗教与社会发展相适应,加强宗教文化的交流,促进宗教间的平等对话,使宗教发挥其社会功能的良性作用,维护世界和平,促进人类社会的健康发展。     

Statelessness in a world of nation-states: the cases of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK

Mass displacement in the Middle East is a major political challenge for contemporary Middle Eastern and Western states. As a consequence, statelessness has emerged as one of the central political issues in relation to the collapse and weakening of the states in the Middle East. Through deploying a qualitative inquiry and interviews with 50 Kurdish immigrants, this article investigates how members of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK conceive and experience statelessness in a world of unequal nation-states and hierarchical citizenship. Since diasporas are important non-state actors in nation-building processes, it is important to analyse their diasporic visions and the ways they challenge or reinforce the power of the nation-state in the context of migration. While from a legal or a right-based approach, the solution to statelessness is found in acquisition of a nationality/citizenship, I posit that in a world structured by the political normativity of the nation-state, nations without states will continue to be in search of national self-determination, political autonomy and sovereignty in the international comity of sovereign nations.