遏制暴力文化营造文明环境

暴力文化对正处于社会化过程中的青少年来说是一种严重的毒害.班杜拉的观察学习理论正确解释了暴力文化对青少年产生不良影响的心理机制.社会各阶层都必须切实认识到暴力文化的严重危害,积极行动起来,遏制暴力文化,为青少年的健康成长营造一个文明的成长环境.     

大众传媒对青少年社会化的负面影响及改进对策

大众传媒暴露出越来越多的问题,如对性题材的滥用,对暴力的崇拜,对超自然力量的渲染,对美的另类化等,这些问题对青少年产生诸多负面影响.因此,传媒应当有更多的自律和改进,包括加强政府的示范和导向,提升媒体形象的定位,提高创作者的素养等.     

网络暴力游戏涵化青少年意识形态的负面效应

网络暴力游戏已经成为青少年的主要休闲娱乐方式。网络暴力游戏,不止是一种游戏,渗透于其中的社会价值取向和思想行为模式从不同的层面潜移默化地对青少年的知识结构、行为方式、世界观、人生观、价值观等形成负面影响。     

社会化媒体环境下青少年风险意识的培育

在社会化媒体环境下,青少年的风险意识培育面临着机遇与挑战。社会化媒体平民化的参与主体、互动化的传播特征和社交化的关系维护,使之成为青少年风险意识培育新的路径选择,但社会化媒体自身存在的风险及风险放大效应也会挑战风险意识培育。因此,青少年的风险意识培育,一方面应利用社会化媒体的微观媒介场域,另一方面需要克服其对青少年风险意识培育的负面影响。     

校园暴力的成因探析

近年来,校园暴力已经成为一个不容忽视的社会问题。究其原因主要有：家庭教育缺失,社会环境对青少年的负面影响,学校教育的失衡。构建家庭、学校、社会“三位一体”的育人格局,努力减少并消除校园暴力,是各级教育部门不可推卸的责任。     

基于社会化网络的农村青少年越轨行为研究

农村青少年处于亚文化与城乡二元结构的双重影响之下,网络的强势入侵加速了农村传统社会关系的瓦解,原有的媒介强控制体系开始弱化,乡村治理面临着重大调适。然而,社会化网络下的自由幻想,并不能掩盖大量出现的农村青少年网络越轨行为,且其猎色、暴力、谣言远比城市青少年严重,危害也更大。在农村这样一个具有独特关系结构与文化心理的环境中,网络越轨行为不但是农村青少年社会化的障碍,而且对乡村治理埋下了隐患。网络越轨行为的解决,既需要法律制度的完善,也需要家庭、学校、媒介等社会化机构的配合,特别是对于农村青少年,柔性治网、以情动人是化解其矛盾的关键。     

论电视广告对青少年的负面影响

生活在信息传媒控制时代,我们无时无刻受着报纸、杂志、电视、网络等媒介的深深影响。当青少年成为电视广告的受众群体时,人们普遍地意识到了电视广告对青少年的种种影响。本文对电视广告对青少年的消极影响做了梳理和剖析,并促使受众对电视广告的负面影响有清醒的认识和足够的警惕,分析其产生的原因同时提出相应的解决对策。     

短信文化对青少年社会化的影响

手机短信的流行形成了一种特定的文化--短信文化,短信文化对青少年社会化的影响有积极的也有消极的.本文主要从心理学的角度阐述消极影响的几个方面,分析其产生的原因,并就如何限制短信文化对青少年的负面影响提出了对策和建议.     

网络暴力游戏涵化青少年的传播学解析

网络游戏已经成为青少年最喜爱的娱乐方式之一,而网络暴力游戏的盛行,对尚处于青春期的青少年的成长和发展有着不容忽视的影响。研究表明,随着接触网络暴力游戏时间的增长,青少年对暴力行为的赞成度会有所提高,也更易产生暴力情绪,同时考察了网络暴力游戏对青少年的涵化效应,即曲解暴力符号、宣泄权力欲望,以便得到心理上的满足和认同。同时分析了网络暴力游戏的盛行原因、传播现状和发展趋势,解析了网络暴力游戏涵化青少年的传播理论基础。     

学生之间的软暴力问题分析

软暴力主要是心理上的暴力。相对于身体上的暴力而言，其危害性程度更深，作用于受害人的时间更长。影响力具有隐性特点。正是由于软暴力的隐性特点，人们往往易于忽视对其的重视和控制程度，这更加助长了它的发生率。处于青少年阶段的学生，正是身心发展的重要时期，也是人生社会化的重要阶段，在这一时期的发展状况对他们的将来会产生深远的影响。学生之间的软暴力造成的危害不容忽视。本文主要讨论学生之间软暴力产生的原因及其预防和控制。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.