西藏生态可持续发展研究

由于西藏生态过程对保障我国乃至东亚生态安全具有独特的屏障作用。受全球变化和人类活动的影响,西藏生态环境问题日趋凸显,生态安全屏障功能受到威胁。西藏生态环境保护与建设已成为我国可持续发展的瓶颈之一。为了保护西藏的生态环境和促进西藏的生态可持续发展,在分析西藏生态环境各种不可持续发展问题的基础上,提出了重视生态环境立法制度创新、重视生态补偿制度创新、重视政府对生态环境保护与建设的管理制度创新的政策建议。     

人居空间与自然环境的和谐共生——西北少数民族聚落生态文化浅析

西北地区民族众多,文化多元。各少数民族在聚落选址、建筑材料利用、庭院布置、屋舍装饰等方面,注重因地制宜、因材致用,强调人群聚落与自然地貌、山水环境、植被状况的契合,积累了一整套善于利用可再生清洁能源的经验,形成了因循自然环境、有效利用自然资源的聚落生态文化,营造出人与自然和谐共生的人居环境机制。这些传统的聚落生态文化,对西北地区环境保护和可持续发展有着重要的现实意义。     

试论藏传佛教在青藏高原生态保护中的地位及作用

全球化时代的今天,生态环境的保护成为了一个不可回避的话题,已逝去的20世纪是全球范围内生态环境遭到全面破坏的世纪。在全球生态危机的紧迫状态下,关注生态环境、研究生态文化越来越成为时代的一个中心话题,越来越多的人意识到抛弃旧的生态价值观、建立新的生态文明的可贵和必要。藏区群众的生态观念,对于构建青藏高原乃至整个人类的生态文化具有重要的借鉴作用。     

浅谈高校图书馆的外部生态环境

随着时代发展,生态学概念引进图书馆领域,出现了生态图书馆的研究,随之有了高校生态图书馆的问题。高校生态图书馆的生态环境有其特定内涵、特点,加强高校图书馆生态环境建设必须正确认识和处理若干关系。     

新常态下青藏高原生态文明建设的法治化途径探索

经济新常态对推进生态文明建设提出了新的要求，保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力，生态文明建设的新常态要用严格的法律制度体系来保障。高原藏区作为生态屏障发挥着重要作用，但其生态环境的脆弱性决定了生态文明建设的紧迫性。选择符合高原藏区环境状况的法治化路径成为关键，加快生态自治立法、建立生态补偿法律制度和弘扬藏族生态文化成为解决问题的战略取向。     

新常态下青藏高原生态文明建设的法治化途径探索

经济新常态对推进生态文明建设提出了新的要求,保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力,生态文明建设的新常态要用严格的法律制度体系来保障。高原藏区作为生态屏障发挥着重要作用,但其生态环境的脆弱性决定了生态文明建设的紧迫性。选择符合高原藏区环境状况的法治化路径成为关键,加快生态自治立法、建立生态补偿法律制度和弘扬藏族生态文化成为解决问题的战略取向。     

建设生态文明背景下的新疆生态环境法律保护刍议

党的十八届三中全会提出建立系统的生态文明制度体系,用制度保护生态环境。新疆维吾尔自治区在各项工作中坚持会议精神,把生态文明建设融入各项工作中,在地方法规中突出了生态文明制度建设的必要性。但是,由于新疆缺乏行之有效的保护生态环境和管理生态资源的制度体系,新疆生态环境保护工作面临着一些困难。本文在全面观察新疆生态资源和生态环境法规的基础上,分析新疆生态环境保护制度中存在的问题,进而提出与新疆人文地理环境相适应的生态文明制度路线。     

民族地区生态环境保护的法治探讨

民族地区已初步建成生态环境保护法治体系,但是生态环境监察执法体系不完善,生态环境法治建设仍存在诸多问题。完善民族地区生态环境保护的法治举措是：构建自然资源资产产权制度,建立生态环境效益补偿制度,健全生态环境损害赔偿制度,完善生态环境治理公益诉讼制度,强化生态环境治理督察制度。     

西北地区回族女子教育概况

西北地区回族女子教育概况丁国勇（一）西北是我国回族居住比较集中的地区，据１９９０年全国第四次人口普查，全国回族为８６０２９７８人，而西北五省区为４０６００７５人，占７４．１９％。所以西北地区回族的状况为人们所关注。西北地区回族女子教育一向落后。解放前...     

对武陵山片区发展的三点建议

正一、建议国家制定武陵山连片特困地区保护环境的生态补偿政策。武陵山区位于长江中上游,生态环境良好,贫困人口主要分布在深山区、石山区。国家把武陵山地区战略定位为长江流域重要生态安全屏障,这在一定程度上制约了当地经济发展。建议由中下游发达地区,对上游地区生态环境建设给予补偿,同时,国家增加生态补偿转移支付力度,使贫困地区人口通过生态环境建设工     

试论西部民族地区生态环境保护的法律构建

西部民族地区的生态环境建设关系到西部大开发战略的实施,关系到区域经济的发展,关系到民族地区的稳定和边疆安全。为了实现经济社会和生态环境保护的和谐发展,客观上要求我们必须在西部民族地区不断完善生态环境保护的法制体系,重视运用法律手段引导、规范、促进和保障西部民族地区生态环境的平衡协调。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

论侗族民间生态智慧对维护区域生态安全的价值

今天生息在黔桂湘毗邻地区的侗族居民和汉族居民一样,都是以固定农田的水稻种植为生.然而,由于侗族所经历的历史过程与汉族迥然不同,所处生态环境也与汉族地区相去甚远,从而在侗族传统文化中形成了自己独特的生存理念,并衍生出具有侗族特色的生态适应方式和举措.经过长期的磨合,侗族传统文化已经有效地实现了与所处生态环境的和谐共存,有效地维护了区域生态安全.     

论西北少数民族地区生态环境与民族关系问题

本文在论述西北少数民族地区生态环境恶化状况的基础上 ,阐述因生态环境恶化导致的民族关系问题 ,并提出解决对策     

从民间信仰层面透视高原藏族的生态伦理——以青海黄南藏区的田野研究为例

高原藏族在数千年的生态环境适应过程中,形成独特的环境—文化适应模式,由于自然环境的特殊严酷和脆弱,在高原藏区形成广泛的自然禁忌和神山圣水的集体表象,作为一种观念体系,它是高原藏族在适应特殊生态环境的基础上,形成的整体文化适应的一部分,反映出高原藏族对脆弱生态环境的谨慎适应。     

四川民族地区旅游资源开发与生态安全保障机制研究

旅游资源开发一直被认为是促进四川、云南、贵州等西部民族地区地方脱贫致富的重要路径,然而过度的资源开发必将直接危及当地生态安全。四川地处长江上游,其民族地区的生态安全状况关系着长江流域以及整个国家的安全。本文从人与自然、人与社会关系的视角,探寻四川民族地区旅游资源开发过程中自然生态环境、民族文化生态环境的生态安全保障机制,以期切实有效地维护社会和谐稳定发展。     

论青藏高原生态环保立法与高原藏族生态文化观

青藏高原在全国乃至亚洲的生态安全中具有战略地位,但近几十年来该地区的生态环境在逐年恶化。因而,必须制定出符合实际的生态环保法,对这一地区的生态环境予以保护。由于青藏高原的主体民族是藏族,具有以人与自然和谐相处为总体精神的生态文化观,并以可持续发展和公众参与原则为集中体现。因而,在青藏高原生态环保立法中,应以人与自然和谐相处为主要立法指导思想,以可持续发展和公众参与为主要立法原则,对高原藏族生态文化进行充分吸收和借鉴。     

论生态建设与生态旅游协调发展的关系

西部地区经济相对滞后 ,却蕴藏着大量的旅游资源。由于青海地区的开发主要以生态建设为支柱 ,因此 ,发展旅游业 ,开发生态旅游资源是生态建设的一个重要的支点 ,它所产生的经济影响远远大于它的内部经济性。以青海生态建设为依托 ,开发生态旅游资源为发展的先导产业 ,是青海经济可持续发展的推动力。     

吉隆沟生态资源考察与旅游开发评价

吉隆沟是一个位于喜马拉雅山深处、几乎与世隔绝的高原峡谷,由于特殊的地理环境使这里形成了在喜马拉雅地区具有典型代表性的垂直生态体系,被誉为"高原地区最丰富的物种基因库"和"世界上最美丽的峡谷",随着中尼边境吉隆口岸建设计划的推进,吉隆峡谷的开发越来越迫在眉睫。文章在实地考察的基础上,对峡谷内的生态资源进行了科学评价,并初步提出了以徒步旅游为主要形式、生态旅游为主题的开发设想,为吉隆沟的开发建设提出一条建立在可持续发展基础上的发展之路。     

全球化背景下的人类生态维护理念

人类已有的生态维护都是从具体文化出发所做出的。生态安全是一个文化概念,不同文化规约下的不同民族对生态理念内涵的界定也因文化而异。以至于我们今天从事生态人类学研究,也需从具体民族入手,对其传统生态知识进行发掘与整理,激发各族人民对自己拥有的传统知识的自信,不断地提升该区域生态知识技能,充分地发挥该区域各民族生态知识价值,实现对区域生态环境的高效利用与精心维护。