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1.
The estimation of the effect of local human capital on wages only might not identify properly human capital spillovers. Appropriate
identification requires considering the joint effect of local human capital on both wages and rents. Empirically, we study
the effects of local human capital on household-level rents and individual-level wages for a sample of Italian local labour
markets. Our results show a positive and robust effect of local human capital on rents, supporting the idea that human capital
generates positive externalities at the local level. Our results also suggest that consumption and production externalities
have a similar impact on wages.
相似文献
Guido de BlasioEmail: |
2.
Kristin Dale 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):1025-1038
Household skills provide job skills when tasks in jobs and household production are similar and jobs produce substitutes for
home-made services. Opportunity costs of higher education are foregone earnings during schooling and foregone household production
while studying and later in life. I show that individuals in jobs requiring household skills accept lower wage rates than
traditional human capital theory predicts, and that individuals with low household skills tend to enter higher education.
According to these results, declining household skills may have contributed to the observed increasing demand for higher education
by women.
相似文献
Kristin DaleEmail: |
3.
The economic determinants of ethnic assimilation 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Carmel U. Chiswick 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):859-880
A human capital model is developed that distinguishes between ethnic-specific skills (applicable only to a specific indigenous
or immigrant group) and shared or general skills. An important determinant of assimilation is the extent to which these two
forms of human capital are complements, thus promoting both assimilation and ethnic persistence, or anti-complements, promoting
either assimilation or ethnic retention but not both. Implications of the model are developed for various applications including
intermarriage, the effects of group size, language and religion as a basis for ethnic mergers, and the transfer society as
a potential barrier to assimilation.
相似文献
Carmel U. ChiswickEmail: |
4.
Physical capital taxation and labor income taxation in an endogenous growth model with new generations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper examines the growth and welfare effects of physical capital taxation and labor income taxation. It is found that
the impact of a rise in the physical capital tax rate on the balanced growth rate is crucially related to the birth rate,
but a rise in the labor income tax rate definitely reduces the balanced growth rate regardless of the birth rate. It is also
found that an increase in the physical capital income tax rate will harm the older but will benefit the younger, while an
increase in the labor income tax rate will benefit the older but will harm the younger.
相似文献
Ching-Chong LaiEmail: |
5.
Using confidential microdata from the US Census Bureau, we investigate the performance of Asian-owned businesses. Using regression
estimates and a special non-linear decomposition technique, we explore the role that class resources, such as financial capital
and human capital, play in contributing to the relative success of Asian businesses. We find that Asian-owned businesses are
more successful than white-owned businesses for two main reasons—Asian owners have high levels of human capital and their
businesses have substantial start-up capital. Using detailed information on both the owner and the firm, we estimate the explanatory
power of several additional factors.
相似文献
Robert W. Fairlie (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Sarit Cohen-Goldner Chemi Gotlibovski Nava Kahana 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):983-1003
This paper presents a two-period human capital investment model, which is used to study the optimal investment decisions of
credit-constrained married immigrants relative to single immigrants and native couples facing a perfect capital market. The
model predicts that: (1) The comparative advantage in investment in local skills of one of the spouses may emerge from his/her
higher growth rate of imported human capital. (2) The optimal investment of each spouse is non-increasing in the level of
imported human capital of the spouse with the comparative advantage in investment, while it is non-decreasing in the level
of imported human capital of the other spouse. (3) When two immigrants get married, the spouse with the comparative advantage
in investment invests more than when he/she was single whereas the other spouse invests less.
相似文献
Nava KahanaEmail: |
7.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
8.
Sibling similarities and economic inequality in the US 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Bhashkar Mazumder 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):685-701
I use a new methodological approach and larger US samples than previous studies and estimate that the sibling correlation
across a range of economic outcomes is around 0.5. This suggests that half of economic inequality in the US can be attributed
to family and community influences. A comparison with noneconomic outcomes suggests that individual choices rather than a
simple mechanical relationship governs the intergenerational transmission of income. A decomposition of the sibling correlation
suggests that the acquisition of human capital is an important channel through which family background affects future success
but that noncognitive factors also play a role.
相似文献
Bhashkar MazumderEmail: |
9.
Theodore Palivos 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):131-144
This paper analyzes the welfare effect of illegal immigration on the host country within a dynamic general equilibrium framework
and shows that it is positive for two reasons. First, immigrants are paid less than their marginal product, and second, after
an increase in immigration, domestic households find it optimal to increase their holdings of capital. It is also shown that
dynamic inefficiency may arise, despite the fact that the model is of the Ramsey type. Nevertheless, the introduction of a
minimum wage, which leads to job competition between domestic unskilled workers and immigrants reverses all of the above results.
相似文献
Theodore PalivosEmail: |
10.
Jackline Wahba 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):823-852
This paper examines the influence of adult market wages and having parents who were child labourers on child labour, when this decision is jointly determined with child schooling, using data from Egypt. The empirical results suggest that low adult market wages are key determinants of child labour; a 10% increase in the illiterate male market wage decreases the probability of child labour by 22% for boys and 13% for girls. The findings also indicate the importance of social norms in the intergenerational persistence of child labour: parents who were child labourers themselves are on average 10% more likely to send their children to work. In addition, higher local regional income inequality increases the likelihood of child labour.
相似文献
Jackline WahbaEmail: Fax: +44-23-80593858 |
11.
In this paper, we analyze determinants of marital dissolution, focusing on the alleged influences from public transfers, child
allowance, and child support awards. We use a Norwegian panel of 2,806 couples with information on public and private transfers
in cases of divorce. The sample was observed over a 5-year period, with the purpose of registering marital dissolution. We
find that the level of transfers has a significantly positive effect on divorce probability and that the distribution of transfers
in favor of the wife increases this probability. Our findings are consistent with noncooperative family models allowing for
inefficient outcomes.
相似文献
Kjell Vaage (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
This paper examines human capital gap between titular ethnicities and Russian-speaking minorities, which has emerged in Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania during the transition and remains significant after controlling for parental education. For recent cohorts,
unexplained gap is declining in Lithuania (despite absence of Russian language tertiary education) and in Estonia. Furthermore,
we investigate intergenerational mobility in the Baltic countries. Parental education has a strong positive effect on propensity
to obtain tertiary education, both in the Soviet era and post-Soviet period. Transition to the market has weakened mother’s
education effect for titular ethnicities, while the opposite is true for minorities.
相似文献
Olga RastriginaEmail: |
13.
Lack of knowledge about differential AIDS mortality seriously hampers the study of the economic impact of AIDS in developing countries. We derive HIV infection risk differentials by age, education, and other microeconomic characteristics using the Ivorian Demographic and Health Survey. Our model is based on econometrically estimated equations using commonly available variables, therefore it can be used whenever such a survey is available but there is no representative information about HIV infection by socioeconomic group. For instance, we found that educated people have a higher risk of HIV infection, because they are more likely to have several sexual partners. However, this effect is partly offset by a higher probability of condom use relative to less educated people. The identification of the socioeconomic characteristics of low and high risk groups seems indispensable to set up adequate AIDS prevention and therapy policies in developing countries.
相似文献
Michael Grimm (Corresponding author)Email: Phone: ++49-551-398170Fax: +49-551-397302 |
14.
There is longstanding evidence that youths raised by single parents are more likely to perform poorly in school and partake
in “deviant” behaviors such as smoking, sex, substance use, and crime. However, there is not widespread agreement as to whether
the timing of the marital disruption differentially impacts youth outcomes. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
and its Young Adult Supplement, we find that an additional 5 years with the biological father decreases the probability of
smoking, drinking, engaging in sexual activity, marijuana use, and conviction by approximately 5.3, 1.2, 3.4, 2.2 and 0.3
percentage points, respectively.
相似文献
Kelly BedardEmail: |
15.
Francis Green 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):147-160
Temporary workers in Britain experience lower job quality. However, the proportion of employees on temporary contracts has
fallen since a decade ago to just 5.5% in 2005. There have also been qualitative improvements. Many temporary workers now
fall under the protection of the Fixed Term Employees’ (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2002, and the
relative pay of fixed-term contract workers has since improved. In contrast, the subsequent fortunes of seasonal and casual
workers with short contracts have been mixed. Furthermore, the Act excludes agency workers, and the paper calls for additional
legislative action to ensure fair treatment for this group.
相似文献
Francis GreenEmail: |
16.
Hilde Coffé 《Social indicators research》2009,91(2):155-170
Recent findings indicate that more pronounced community heterogeneity is associated with lower levels of social capital. These
studies, however, concentrate on specific aspects in which people differ (such as income inequality or ethnic diversity).
In the present paper, we introduce the number of parties in the local party system as a more encompassing measure of community
heterogeneity. This builds on the argument that the number of relevant socio-economic cleavages in the population (i.e. heterogeneity)
determines the level of party system fragmentation. Using data on 307 Flemish municipalities, we find that municipalities
with a more heterogeneous population indeed have lower levels of social capital. Hence, our study endorses—and generalizes—previous
results linking community heterogeneity to lower levels of social capital.
相似文献
Hilde CofféEmail: |
17.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
18.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
19.
Nowadays many agents meet defensive expenditures to protect themselves against environmental deterioration. Such expenditures may contribute to support economic growth. Environmental degradation, in fact, may induce agents to work harder to replace depleted environmental goods with substitute goods. The consequent rise in the activity level may further deplete the environment, worsening the agents’ expectations on the future environmental quality and increasing their demand for substitute goods. To examine this issue, we adopt a simple model in which agents formulate expectations on the future environment that can be right or wrong and examine how such expectations influence capital accumulation and growth.
相似文献
A. AntociEmail: |
20.
Sílvio Rendon 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):669-686
In this paper, I measure the contribution of knowing Catalan to finding a job in Catalonia. In the early 1980s, a drastic
language policy change (normalització) promoted the learning and use of Catalan in Catalonia and managed to reverse the falling trend of its relative use vs Castilian
(Spanish). Using census data for 1991 and 1996, I estimate a significant positive Catalan premium: the probability of being
employed increases between 3 and 5 percentage points if individuals know how to read and speak Catalan; it increases between
2 and 6 percentage points for writing Catalan.
相似文献
Sílvio RendonEmail: |