绿色、人文、科技、和谐--大学校园文化的内涵和建设

大学校园文化的内涵有广义和狭义之分,大学校园文化建设既是老问题也是新问题。自“大学文化”这个概念出现以后,大学校园文化只能作狭义的理解,特指为大学顺利完成治学育人任务而营造的一种校园文化环境。随着我国高等教育大众化的迅速实现,近几年来出现了一批大学城和新校园,面临着新老校区的大学校园文化建设如何以充实内涵为重点相互衔接和融合的新课题。我国大学校园文化建设的战略目标是以“以人为本”的科学发展观为指导,坚持高品位,把我国大学校园建设成为自然美与人文美、科学美和谐发展的绿色校园、人文校园、科技校园和和谐校园。因此,从理论与实践的结合上进一步深入探讨大学校园文化的内涵和建设问题在当前有重要的理论和实践意义。     

Does it matter how you ask? Question wording and males’ reporting of contraceptive use at last sex

This paper reports results from a unique experiment conducted in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to gauge the effect of question format on men’s reports of contraceptive use at last sexual intercourse. Respondents received separate questions about their own and their partners’ contraceptive use or one combined question about either partner’s contraceptive use. We examine whether receiving separate questions, as opposed to one combined question, is related to higher reports of using any contraceptive method, specific methods, female methods in addition to male methods, and the number of methods reported. We find that reports of any contraceptive use at last sex and use of the most common methods, condoms and the pill, were stable across question formats. However, we find significantly higher reports of withdrawal, combining male and female methods, and multiple method use among men who received the separate-question format. We also find that characteristics of the sexual experience in question condition the effect of question format on men’s reports.     

New options for national population surveys: The implications of internet and smartphone coverage

Challenges to survey data collection have increased the costs of social research via face-to-face surveys so much that it may become extremely difficult for social scientists to continue using these methods. A key drawback to less expensive Internet-based alternatives is the threat of biased results from coverage errors in survey data. The rise of Internet-enabled smartphones presents an opportunity to re-examine the issue of Internet coverage for surveys and its implications for coverage bias. Two questions (on Internet access and smartphone ownership) were added to the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), a U.S. national probability survey of women and men age 15–44, using a continuous sample design. We examine 16 quarters (4 years) of data, from September 2012 to August 2016.Overall, we estimate that 82.9% of the target NSFG population has Internet access, and 81.6% has a smartphone. Combined, this means that about 90.7% of U.S. residents age 15–44 have Internet access, via either traditional devices or a smartphone. We find some evidence of compensatory coverage when looking at key race/ethnicity and age subgroups. For instance, while Black teens (15–18) have the lowest estimated rate of Internet access (81.9%) and the lowest rate of smartphone usage (72.6%), an estimated 88.0% of this subgroup has some form of Internet access.We also examine the socio-demographic correlates of Internet and smartphone coverage, separately and combined, as indicators of technology access in this population. In addition, we look at the effect of differential coverage on key estimates produced by the NSFG, related to fertility, family formation, and sexual activity. While this does not address nonresponse or measurement biases that may differ for alternative modes, our paper has implications for possible coverage biases that may arise when switching to a Web-based mode of data collection, either for follow-up surveys or to replace the main face-to-face data collection.     

试论高校基层党组织的管理和监督

随着大学生党员数量和比例的扩大,在复杂国际政治背景和多种思潮的冲击下,大学生党建工作存在的问题愈发凸显,大学生党员的先锋性和模范性正受到严峻考验。结合新形势和新问题,对大学生基层党建工作进行研究：改进学生基层党组织设置模式,拓宽学生党员的教育平台,健全学生党员监督机制,完善基层党建考核评估体系,很有现实意义。     

Heterogeneity in the rise and decline of city-level homicide rates, 1976-2005: A latent trajectory analysis

This study applies latent trajectory methods to the analysis of temporal changes in homicide rates among large US cities across recent decades. Specifically, annual homicide rates for 157 large US cities are analyzed for the 30 years from 1976 to 2005. We address the fundamental questions: Did all of cities experience similar levels and patterns of rise and decline in homicide rates over these three decades? Or is there hidden or unobserved heterogeneity with respect to these temporal patterns, thus leading to the identification of more homogeneous groupings of the cities? And if latent homogeneous groupings surface, is membership due to specific structural characteristics found within those cities? Evidence is found for the existence of four latent homicide rate trajectories. After identifying and classifying the cities into these four groups, multivariate statistical techniques are used to determine which social and economic characteristics are significant predictors of these distinct homicide trends. Criminal justice measures are also included as controls. It is found that larger cities located in the South with higher levels of resource deprivation/concentrated poverty, higher income inequality, higher percentages of the adult male population that are divorced, higher unemployment rates, higher percentages of youth, higher percentages of the population who are Hispanic and higher numbers of police per capita are more likely to be in a higher than a lower homicide trajectory group. Higher percentages of the population enrolled in colleges and universities and locations in states with higher incarceration rates are characteristics of cities associated with membership in a lower homicide trajectory group.     

全人育人视角下贫困大学生成才模式研究与实践

当前我国贫困大学成才教育存在一些问题和薄弱环节,与深化高等教育改革、提升高校教育质量的形势任务要求不相适应。运用全人育人理念构建贫困大学生成才教育模式,是解决贫困大学生问题的有效途径。文章围绕全人育人视角下贫困大学生成才模式问题,总结实践经验和现状,分析影响因素,提出对策建议。     

互联网+背景下大学英语体验式教学的开展

互联网+时代的到来为大学英语体验式教学提供了先进的技术支持,对传统的体验式教学模式形成了新的挑战,许多传统的教学方法逐渐难以满足当前教学工作的需要,如何借助互联网技术实现大学英语体验式教学的飞跃发展,是每个教育工作者都必须关注的问题。文章从互联网技术对体验式教学的现实意义入手,阐述了互联网+背景下体验式教学的主要原则,并对教学工作的开展进行分析。     

理工科高校本科法学教育模式探索——兼论重庆邮电大学信息法学人才培养

我国法学本科人才培养存在比较严重的同质化问题,难以满足经济社会科学发展对法律人才的多样性需求。理工科高校具有理工科专业资源优势,其法学人才培养的基本定位应当是通晓法律和技术的复合型人才。理工科高校应该在尊重法学教育规律的前提下,在法学与学校优势理工学科的结合点和交汇点上确定法学专业的发展方向。课程设置应该体现法学与优势学科的融合,以社会需求为导向,坚持学生知识、能力和素质的协调发展。应当丰富和创新教学方法,借鉴理工科实验室教学经验,创新法学实验教学模式,关注产、学、研相结合的人才培养模式。重庆邮电大学依托学校信息学科优势,法学人才培养凸显信息法学特色,在探索中取得了一些成绩。当然,理工科高校特色法学教育还存在如何在有限的大学四年中予以合理安排与协调人文、社科、理工等各类课程,以及当前师资大多数缺乏复合型学科背景等亟待解决的难题。     

Latent class analysis of response inconsistencies across modes of data collection

Latent class analysis (LCA) has been hailed as a promising technique for studying measurement errors in surveys, because the models produce estimates of the error rates associated with a given question. Still, the issue arises as to how accurate these error estimates are and under what circumstances they can be relied on. Skeptics argue that latent class models can understate the true error rates and at least one paper (Kreuter et al., 2008) demonstrates such underestimation empirically. We applied latent class models to data from two waves of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), focusing on a pair of similar items about abortion that are administered under different modes of data collection. The first item is administered by computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI); the second, by audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). Evidence shows that abortions are underreported in the NSFG and the conventional wisdom is that ACASI item yields fewer false negatives than the CAPI item. To evaluate these items, we made assumptions about the error rates within various subgroups of the population; these assumptions were needed to achieve an identifiable LCA model. Because there are external data available on the actual prevalence of abortion (by subgroup), we were able to form subgroups for which the identifying restrictions were likely to be (approximately) met and other subgroups for which the assumptions were likely to be violated. We also ran more complex models that took potential heterogeneity within subgroups into account. Most of the models yielded implausibly low error rates, supporting the argument that, under specific conditions, LCA models underestimate the error rates.     

生态德育:国外的发展走向与中国的未来趋势

国外学校的生态教育已发生重大变化,其基本走向是注重教育的系统化、突出教育内容的时代性和适应性、在教育形式上日趋综合化、网络化、生活化,在方法上凸显渗透性与行为性,在制度上以法保障实施。综观国外学校生态教育的发展走向,对中国高校生态德育具有重要启示:既要建构完善的生态德育层次体系,促进"认知式"教育与"体验式"、"参与式"教育的融合,努力营造学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育相衔接的生态德育系统;同时也要强化德法并举的社会约束机制。从总体上来说,未来中国高校的生态德育将呈现五大发展趋势:生态德育的理念将更加现代化;生态德育的内容将更加多样化;生态德育的手段将更加科学化;生态德育的参与将更加广泛化;生态德育的合作将更加全球化。     

高师音乐教育实习新模式的构建

高校的扩招，实习人数的猛增使得高师传统的音乐教育实习面临难以安排的尴尬局面，探索合理的音乐教育实习新模式非常必要。分类集中实习与单独实习结合的新模式，既保留了集中实习与单独实习模式的特点，又可以充分发挥音乐教育实习独特的优势，有利于解决现阶段高师音乐教育实习安排困难等问题，有利于培养适应不同中小学需求的音乐师资。     

明末清初的岭南佛寺与中外交通——以广州光孝寺和韶州南华寺为中心

明末清初的近百年间,即16—17世纪,乃西方所称的"大航海时代",葡萄牙、荷兰等早期殖民势力抵达中国南部沿海,紧随其后的传教士也接踵而来,从而拉开了中国与西方交往与冲突的序幕。明季伊始,"西洋"逐渐代替"西域"成为中西交通的主体,南海道上,来自欧罗巴的"西洋"人逐渐取代来自印度、阿拉伯的"西域"人而成为中西交流的主要对手,维持了千余年的朝贡贸易体系开始遭到西方契约贸易体系的不断撞击。岭南佛教寺院在这场"西风变换"的转折时期,扮演了某种微妙的角色:最初来华的传教士被广东地方官员视为出家僧人而安置于寺院之中;而来穗贸易、朝贡的西方商贾和使臣,虽与宗教或僧人无涉,也往往被安置于佛寺之中。这一有趣现象,反映了岭南海峤之地在中外交通中的特殊地位、朝廷对外交通政策的不确定性以及地方官员对外国人的恐惧心理。种种因缘巧合,遂使唐宋以后本已淡出中西交通主流的岭南佛寺再次成为对外交往的前沿,成为广东地方官员与来华洋人交往、周旋的中介和缓冲,见证了一系列中西交通的历史事件,在中西文化交流史上写下了有案可稽却又不太引人注目的精彩一笔。     

基于需要层次论的民办高校教师激励问题分析

民办高校是我国高等教育体系中不可或缺的组成部分。民办高校在发展过程中面临着很多问题，其中教师问题是其主要问题之一。从需要层次论的角度来看，解决民办高校教师激励问题，应从建立有效的薪酬体系、依法保障教师平等权利、建立民主沟通机制、完善职称评定体系、加强科研激励等方面着手。     

高等院校创新人才培养体系的构建

本文从教育学的角度，提出我国高等院校人才培养目标应定位在培养创新人才上。高等院校创新人才素质结构的核心是创新，重点应从校园创新教育环境、专业建设与改革、教学方式、教材创新、现代教育技术、人格因素培养、教师队伍建设、创新活动的开展、教育效果评价制度的建立等方面研究高等院校创新人才培养体系的构建。     

Trends in the relative occupational status of African Americans and European immigrants in Northern cities, 1880–1970

In his classic book, A Piece of the Pie, Stanley Lieberson described divergent trends in occupational standing for African Americans and European immigrants after 1920, as the Great Migration from the South swelled the size of the black population in northern cities. In this paper I build upon Lieberson’s work using longitudinal data drawn from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series for the census years 1880–1970. This more versatile data source allows me to examine separate occupational trends for northern-born blacks and southern-born migrants and to control for relevant socio-demographic characteristics. The findings confirm Lieberson’s general conclusion that blacks lost ground, occupationally, to immigrants after 1920. However, they show further that: (1) northern- and southern-born blacks experienced different trends in relative occupational standing after 1920, (2) that these different trends were due largely to compositional differences between the two groups of northern blacks, especially educational differences, and (3) that blacks were generally less successful than immigrants at translating additional educational attainment into improved occupational status, with southern migrants experiencing the weakest occupational returns to education. It is concluded that compositional differences and a racially-defined occupational queue were the most important factors shaping group differences and trends in occupational standing between 1920 and 1970. Timing of arrival in the northern industrial economy and a response by whites to the “racial threat” from a growing black population were less important.     

《动物寄生虫病学》实验教学改革初探

为深化教学改革,增强实验教学效果,《动物寄生虫病学》课程组采用启发诱导式教学,利用科研成果促进实验教学、实验教学与社会实践相结合等多种教改措施和方法,经过三年的教改实践,积累了教学经验,提高了教学质量,初步构建了一种适合新时期畜牧兽医专业人才培养需求的实验教学体系。     

大学生心理平衡、幸福感及社会行为的调查研究

大学生群体是社会各群体中年轻的知识群体，其心理平衡感、幸福感呈现出一定的独特性。在影响大学生心理平衡和幸福感的因素中，以学习、生活、人际交往、择业、恋爱等内容为主，分析该群体心理失衡、幸福感降低的原因，提出应对措施，是高等教育改革应关注的问题。     

大学生社会主义核心价值观培育研究— — —以马克思主义日常生活理论为视角

从日常生活视角培育大学生社会主义核心价值观,是当前高校开展价值观教育的一个重要路径,既有充分的理论依据,又有明确的现实诉求?从学理层面分析,马恩的日常生活理论,奠定了日常生活培育大学生社会主义核心价值观的重要思想基础;从现实角度审视,大学生主体的价值观认知问题和高校价值观教育问题,构成了日常生活培育大学生社会主义核心价值观的现实诉求?围绕着对现实问题的思考与解决路向,从价值观教育的路径?目标?内容和机制上着手,探索建构一套从日常生活培育大学生社会主义核心价值观的科学教育体系,即完善发展大学生日常生活需要的教育目标?深化吸收大学生日常生活的思想教育内容?创新符合大学生网络话语表达的教育形式和建立健全多元主体协同推进的教育机制?     

消解与提升：大众审美文化对大学审美文化的影响

大众审美文化日益深入大学校园,对大学审美文化起到了举足轻重的影响。一方面,大众审美文化的商业性、通俗娱乐性和复制性对带有精英、理性、高雅等特征的大学审美文化起到了消解作用;另一方面,大众审美文化推动大学审美文化向多元化、社会化、普及化发展。     

独立学院独立性问题研究综述

独立学院是高等教育大众化进程中诞生的新生事物,从最初的公有民办二级学院改名为独立学院,正是其发展经受实践检验、不断适应我国现阶段高等教育发展需要的过程。“独立”所诠释的不仅是身份认证,更标识了独立学院未来的发展道路。独立学院独立性问题近年来得到高等教育界的普遍关注,本文拟对相关学术文章进行综合评述,以期为其他研究者提供参考和借鉴。