Analysis of Reliability of CET Band4

CET Band 4 has been carried out for more than a decade. It becomes so large - scaled, so popular and so influential that many testing experts and foreign language teachers are willing to do research on it. In this paper, I will mainly analyse its reliability from the perspective of writing test and speaking test.     

The Synthesis of Altruism and Egoism——From the Perspective of the Theory of Evolution

达尔文进化论立足于个体选择理论,这使它难以解释社会性昆虫等的利他行为;为此,达尔文后来提及群体选择思想.群体选择理论直到20世纪60年代才被正式提出,却仍然面临利他行为与适者生存的矛盾.为此,亲缘选择理论和基因选择理论应运而生.这两种理论在一定程度上把个体选择与群体选择结合起来,但又各自面临新的困境.索伯-威尔逊模型区分了"群内选择"和"群间选择",前者以个体选择为主.后者以群体选择为主,并给出利他主义得以进化的条件.本文在索伯一威尔逊模型的基础上,进一步揭示了利他主义对利已主义的随附性关系,亦即群体选择对个体选择的随附性关系;同时指出,这只是适合于人类这种具有独立意志的物种,因而是一种次级关系.而对于包括人类在内的一切物种来说,更为基本的关系是:个体选择随附于群体选择.     

Ideology of “Minben” Philosophy of Mengzi as the Core of “Benevolent Governance”

先秦儒家反对“暴政”、反对战争、“民贵君轻”等思想,奠定了中国古代政治思想的基础.其中尤以孟子提出的以“民本”理念为核心的“仁政”思想为代表.孟子认为统治者必须注重“民本”施行“仁政”,因为统治者的权力来源于“民意”,其统治的合法性在于民心所向,如果统治者施行“暴政”,人民就有权推翻其残暴专制统治.也就是说,“民本”和“仁政”的本质在于“以民为本”本身.虽然由于历史和时代背景的局限性,这种思想难免被统治者所利用成为掩饰其专制统治的工具,但我们也应同时看到它所起到的更加积极的作用,即警示、限制、弱化统治者的专制暴政和缓解社会矛盾的作用,也为士大夫阶层为民请命、争取权利、反抗暴政提供了强有力的理论支持.因而将之简单视为仅仅是为了巩固君权、维护统治者的封建专制统治,甚至是思想上愚弄和欺骗民众的手段是片面的、狭隘的.     

Does Psychological Well-Being Change with Age?: Longitudinal Tests of Age Variations and Further Exploration of the Multidimensionality of Ryff's Model of Psychological Well-Being

Using two population-based surveys, we provide the first test of longitudinal age variations in Ryff’s model of psychological well-being (RPWB) across three midlife to later-life transitions. Through these analyses we explore: (a) age variation in RPWB, (b) the structure of RPWB, and (c) the potential for methodologically driven age patterns. In general, RPWB dimensions do not consistently exhibit distinct age profiles; further, longitudinal age variations are exceptionally small, never accounting for more than 4% of the variance. We observe far greater variation within ages or periods than between subscales across age or time - providing strong evidence against substantively different age profiles of RPWB. Moreover, heterogeneity among positively and negatively worded items yield varied age patterns indicating that the small age variations of RWPB could be driven, at least in part, by methodological artifacts rather than maturation.     

The Charms of Forrest Gump

AsimplebutmovingstoryThefilmtellsagenuineandmovingstoryaboutanamazingcharacter.Theplotisrelativelysimplebutre markable.AnAlabamamannamedGumpwho ,despiteanIQof 75 ,alwaysseemstoachievegreatsuccess .For rest’samazingachievementsareplayedoutasahumorousgimmick ,buttheyarealsopartofhisinvolvinglifestory .Thestory ,astoldbyForresthimself,opensinhischild hood .Forrestisnotonlystigmatizedbyhislowintelli gence,buthealsomustwearlegbracesbecauseofacrookedback .Hiscaringmothertriedtoteachhimthatdespi…     

Communicative Testing of Oral Proficiency

The advent of the theory of communicative competence raised new issues for language teaching and testing. The importance of communicative ability is emphasized in language teaching. Therefore test that could reflect a student's communicative competence need to be constructed. Communicative testing is such a potentially effective approach. This paper is concerned with the theoretical basis of communicative testing, its distinguishing features and the construction of oral proficiency tests, so as to demonstrate how the theory of communicative testing is built into practical tests.     

On Compensation for Damages of the Violation of the Right to Life —— with Instant Death Being the Object of Research

There are two situations when the right to life is encroached: instant death and death after an interval, the compensations for which are quite different from each other, so we shall research upon them respectively. In the situation of instant death, the people who claims for compensation is neither the dead nor the one who bears the compensation,and it is the near relative of the dead, the foundation of which is not inheritance,but natural damage, and the compensation covers only funeral expense,moral damage and compensation for death.     

Thousands of Red and Purple Flowers Are Embracing the Zen Abode——The Tenth Anniversary of the Passing away of Zhao Puchu

十年前去世的原全国政协副主席、中国佛教协会会长赵朴初出生在四代翰林的家庭;二十年代走上佛教道路;对中国革命作出了重要贡献;与毛泽东、周恩来、邓小平、江泽民等领袖人物以及谢冰心、曹禺、赵元任等文化名人有广泛的交往;在文革期间受到冲击;对中国和世界佛教以及和平事业作出了突出贡献;本人佛学思想丰富;有很高的诗词、书法造诣;淡泊名利,善于养生;关心、支持家乡建设;其佛学思想和人生道路对今天的青年人和大学生有多方面的启迪。     

On Complementation and Integration of the Three Kinds of Cultures——Cultural Reflections on the 30 Years of Reform and Opening up

Started from the argument of Culture is the carrier of the reproduction of ideology, the model of reproduction and dissemination of different ideologies. this paper divides the Chinese culture into three kinds from a macro view. These three kinds of culture are national culture, elite culture and popular culture.     

on)Journal of Jinan Univ

ersity(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)Journal of Jinan University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)Journal of Jinan University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)Journal of Jinan University(Philosophy & Social     

The Three Stages of Teaching Reading

If we want to improve our way of teaching, one way is to teach reading in three stages: Pre - reading stage, while-reading stage, and post - reading stage. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies. Pre -reading means before the text is read. In while reading stage, we have looked at the main reading skills: skimming, scanning , reading for detail , drawing inferences about the author's purpose and intention. Post - reading stage mainly focuses on the exploitation of the text. It aims to help the reader understand the content and structure of the text, as well as the author's purpose in writing it.     

Shanghai as a Method——Exploration of the Possibility of a Reflective Shanghai Studies

Shanghaiology undergoes the process from the repeated disputes resulting from the advocate of Shanghaiology to multidisciplines development in the name of Shanghai Studies.However,Shanghaiology and its...     

The Review of Consultative Dispute Resolution Mechanism——In the Perspective of Civil Mediation

协商性纠纷解决机制的缘起和发展,具有深刻的历史文化和现实背景,也符合私法自治的法律理论。在我国,经历了主角——淡出——重提——推崇的发展过程,目前运行状况良好,但是也存在不足。其未来走向取决于自身的制度建设、当事人能力的提高,也取决于其与司法的关系,应当在对现行立法和实践模式进行充分反思的基础上做出科学的路径选择。     

End of an era? Managerial losses of African American and Latinos in the public sector

In this article, we examine whether “new governance” reforms in public sector work over the last two decades have generated managerial wage losses for African Americans and Latinos. Findings from Integrated Public Use Micro-Series data across three time points indicate that the new “business logic” encompassing, most notably, increased employer discretion has progressively disadvantaged African American and Latino men and women relative to their White and gender counterparts. Indeed, for both African Americans and Latinos in the managerial ranks, relative parity in wages that were witnessed in the public sector progressively eroded between 2000 and 2010. Qualifications to these findings indicate that levels of inequality become pronounced for African Americans, and more so among men than women. We discuss the historical niche status of public sector work for racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. and the importance of conducting further analyses of the public sector because of its fluid nature as a locus of racial stratification.