组织支持对员工创造力的影响机制研究——基于工作不安全情境

不稳定的工作环境导致员工工作不安全感问题日益凸显。基于压力认知评价理论和缓冲效应理论,通过工作不安全感和员工心理投入两个视角,构建有中介的调节模型,验证工作不安全感情境下组织支持对员工创造力影响的心理机制,可以得出以下结论:第一,工作不安全感对员工创造力有显著的消极作用。第二,心理投入在工作不安全感与员工创造力的关系间起中介作用。第三,组织支持通过心理投入调节工作不安全感对员工创造力影响的间接效应,只有当员工受到高组织支持时,该调节效应才显著,即高组织支持能够缓解工作不安全感对员工心理投入的消极影响作用。     

COR理论与SOC模型整合视角下正念对工作幸福感的影响研究

通过整合资源保存理论和选择补偿最优化模型,探索并构建了以情绪耗竭为中介变量,以目标平衡为调节变量的员工正念对工作幸福感影响的理论模型,揭示了正念如何帮助员工通过资源运用与融合促进工作幸福感的作用机制。研究结果表明：一方面,正念通过资源选择增加工作幸福感以实现资源增益效应;另一方面,正念通过资源补偿降低情绪耗竭提升工作幸福感,从而减少资源损耗效应。此外,目标平衡通过资源最优化不仅调节了情绪耗竭对工作幸福感的直接影响,还调节了情绪耗竭在正念与工作幸福感之间的中介效应,最终形成资源平衡效应,且当目标平衡越高时,情绪耗竭的中介效应越弱。     

有人喊你加班吗?主动性和反应性工作连通行为及其对情绪耗竭的差异性影响

基于边界理论,区分了主动性和反应性工作连通行为（proactive/reactive work connectivity behavior after-hours,PC/RC）,并分别探究了二者通过工作领域和家庭领域两条路径影响情绪耗竭的中介机制和边界条件。采用经验取样法收集数据。研究结果表明,在工作领域路径上,过度或不足的PC均不利于员工获得工作控制,进而增强其情绪耗竭,但PC过度的影响更为不利,只有适度水平的PC才能最大程度增强员工的工作控制,进而削弱其情绪耗竭,体现为一种“鲶鱼效应”的倒U型关系;RC只会通过削弱员工的工作控制增强其情绪耗竭。在家庭领域路径上,PC和RC均通过引发员工的工作冲突家庭增强其情绪耗竭;只有PC对情绪耗竭的影响受到个人成就感的调节,相对于个人成就感更低的员工,个人成就感更高的员工从事PC后更不容易产生工作冲突家庭,进而感受到更少的情绪耗竭。使工作连通行为由被动变为主动,能够在一定程度上削弱其消极效应,甚至产生某些积极效应,从而改善员工的情绪状态。     

不作为的代价:领导奖励缺失与员工非伦理行为

领导在员工实施非伦理行为的过程中扮演着关键角色,但已有研究大多聚焦于领导"作为"下的领导行为对员工非伦理行为的促进或抑制作用,却忽视了领导"不作为"在其间的潜在影响.基于压力源-情绪理论,以领导奖励缺失这种领导"不作为"最典型的表现形式为切入点,本研究重新审视了员工非伦理行为.基于245份有效调查问卷数据,本研究发现:领导奖励缺失不仅对员工非伦理行为具有直接的正向影响,它还通过情绪耗竭的部分中介作用间接导致了员工非伦理行为.进一步纳入主动性人格这种人格特质的情境作用后发现:主动性人格不仅将削弱领导奖励缺失对员工情绪耗竭的正向影响,还将削弱员工情绪耗竭在领导奖励缺失与员工非伦理行为两者关系间的中介作用.本研究从领导者"不作为"视角深化了文献对员工非伦理行为的认识,对组织防范、治理非伦理行为亦具有重要启示.     

心理资本与情绪劳动策略、工作倦怠的关系研究

基于积极心理学的视角引入心理资本探索员工的工作倦怠问题.以个体心理资本作为工作倦怠的抑制因素和情绪劳动策略的前因变量,探讨心理资本对工作倦怠和情绪劳动策略的直接效应以及情绪劳动策略对心理资本与工作倦怠关系的中介作用.选取呼叫中心的客服代表作为研究对象,考察员工心理资本与情绪劳动策略、工作倦怠之间的关系.通过大规模问卷调查,得到800份有效问卷,在相关分析的基础上进行系列结构方程统计分析.研究结果表明,心理资本对工作倦怠的各维度有显著负向影响,心理资本对情绪劳动策略中的表层行为有显著的负向影响,对被动深层行为和主动深层行为有显著正向影响,心理资本对工作倦怠的直接效应远大于情绪劳动策略对心理资本与工作倦怠间的中介效应.研究结果为探讨工作倦怠问题提供了新的视角,组织可以直接通过心理资本干预员工的工作倦怠.     

“似好实坏”：强制性公民行为对员工时间侵占的影响机制——基于正念的调节作用

强制性公民行为是背离了员工初衷的组织公民行为,也是诱发员工职场偏差行为的影响因素。员工的时间侵占行为作为一种极具隐蔽性、形式多样且低风险性的职场偏差行为,既可以帮助员工在组织中营造出“似好”的强制性公民行为假象以迎合组织的期待,又可以缓解员工由于被迫实施组织公民行为的消极体验,但对于组织来说则是一种“实坏”的结果。引入情绪耗竭这一中介机制,既丰富了强制性公民行为与情绪耗竭之间关系的理论视角,又为强制性公民行为通过情绪耗竭影响员工时间侵占行为提供了合理的解释机制。员工正念通过使员工的情绪耗竭状态得以缓和,来缓解情绪耗竭在强制性公民行为及员工的时间侵占行为这二者之中扮演的完全中介效应。     

服务业员工情绪劳动策略效能的实证研究

有关服务业中情绪劳动的管理研究正在引起关注。已有研究认为员工的情绪智力影响情绪劳动中的工作绩效、工作满意度以及工作压力感,本文进一步提出个体的情绪劳动策略对此起到中介作用。通过对电信服务业员工情绪智力、情绪劳动策略和工作绩效、工作满意度、压力感的实证分析,发现情绪劳动策略在情绪智力和员工的工作绩效、工作满意度和工作压力感之间起到部分中介作用。研究结果对服务型企业的人力资源管理实践具有一定的借鉴意义。     

人力资源管理视角的情绪工作研究综述

在服务经济时代,组织更加依赖员工个人的即时表现来影响顾客对服务质量的感知,员工负担的情绪工作要求员工运用情绪能量、承担情绪负荷,本质上是组织对员工个人情绪资源的管理。通过从人力资源管理的视角对情绪工作的相关研究文献进行了回顾,探讨了从人力资源管理视角对情绪工作进行深入研究的机会。     

职场排斥对员工敬业度的影响研究——情绪耗竭的中介作用

员工敬业度问题关系到企业的生存与发展。引入情绪耗竭中介变量,探讨在中国组织文化情境下职场排斥对员工敬业度的影响机制。通过研究得出:职场排斥显著负向影响员工敬业度,职场排斥正向影响员工情绪耗竭,情绪耗竭对员工敬业度有负向的消极影响,情绪耗竭在职场排斥与员工敬业度之间起部分中介作用。     

情绪劳动研究述评与展望

从情绪劳动的概念内涵、结构维度、影响因素和产出4个方面对国外的相关主要研究成果进行了系统梳理和评价。研究表明,员工个体特征是其情绪劳动影响因素的直接预测变量;情境因素与组织因素是情绪劳动的重要调节变量;情绪劳动是影响员工工作产出、顾客服务感知和企业整体绩效的重要因素。     

情绪劳动的内涵

情绪劳动的概念源于20世纪80年代初的社会学研究,经过30余年的发展,相关研究取得了丰富的成果,情绪劳动的内涵也发生了一定的演变。通过文献回顾和梳理,对比了3种不同范式的情绪劳动定义,对情绪劳动策略及展现规则两组核心概念的理论发展进行了梳理,对情绪劳动与情绪调节、情绪智力之间的区别与联系进行了辨析,并探讨了未来研究值得关注的3个问题,以期对后续研究有所借鉴和帮助。     

Emotional labour and emotional exhaustion: Interpersonal and intrapersonal mechanisms

Abstract

In some occupations, particularly in the service sector, dealing with patients or clients may require an employee to pretend to have emotions that they do not really have, or to actually experience required emotions. The regulation of emotion can be either automatic or controlled. This study extends research on the consequences and processes of emotional labour in two ways. First, it examines how the use of different emotion regulation strategies with patients relates to doctors’ emotional exhaustion. Second, it tests two mechanisms that may explain those relationships. A survey of 345 general practitioners (GPs) working in a large urban community in Spain was conducted for the study. Based on Côté's (2005) social interaction model, GP satisfaction with the responses of their patients was tested as a potential interpersonal mediator between their use of automatic, surface, and deep emotion regulation strategies and their emotional exhaustion. Psychological effort was tested as a potential intrapersonal mediator in the same pathway. Regression analysis indicated that emotion regulation was associated with GP emotional exhaustion when it was performed automatically, but that it had a positive and a neutral association when it was performed using surface and deep acting respectively. The mediating role of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors helped explain the differential associations between the GPs’ emotion regulation strategies and their emotional exhaustion.     

员工情绪表现结构维度及对感知服务质量影响初探

根据文献总结,情绪劳动分为员工和消费者视角,对员工视角的情绪劳动已经有了相当丰富的研究,而对消费者视角情绪表现研究还处于起步阶段。文章通过日记观察法和问卷调查法来探讨:(1)情绪表现的结构;(2)情绪表现对感知服务质量的影响。在25篇观察日记和564份有效问卷的基础上,采用SPSS和SmartPLS进行数据处理。结果显示,情绪表现分为负向情绪表现,包括假装表情、冷漠表情、轻视表情;正向情绪表现包括持久表情、真诚表情和自然表情共六个维度;基于总体数据,负向表情对感知服务质量的负向作用不显著,正向表情对感知服务质量的正向作用显著;基于不同背景样本之间的路径作用存在差异,学生样本的显著路径远远多于在职样本,男性样本的显著路径多于女性样本,专科样本的显著路径远远多于本科和硕士样本,小于30岁样本的显著路径远远多于大于30岁样本。     

Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback Sequence on Work Performance and Emotional Responses

Performance feedback has been broadly used within Organizational Behavior Management. However, the specifics regarding the most effective type of feedback still merits careful investigation, including the use of positive and negative sequences of feedback. The current study randomly assigned participants to receive one of the following sequences: (a) positive-positive feedback, (b) positive-negative feedback, (c) negative-positive feedback, and (d) negative-negative feedback. Uniform feedback delivery resulted in higher performance, although inconsistent feedback resulted in lessened negative emotional responses. Recommendations on whether to deliver positive or negative feedback in isolation or combination may depend upon the outcomes currently being prioritized by the organization.     

Emotional labour,collectivism and strain: a comparison of Turkish and U.S. service employees

ABSTRACT

Global growth in service employment highlights the need to understand how cross-cultural differences impact emotional labour processes for service employees. The current study investigates these differences by examining the impact of national and individual level collectivistic values on emotional labour strategies and employee strain (emotional strain, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organisational commitment). Cross-sectional data was collected from U.S. (n?=?191) and Turkish (n?=?249) customer service employees. Results indicate that collectivism impacts the process model of emotional labour via direct and interaction effects. Collectivism was associated with higher emotional labour engagement and lower employee strains. Surface acting was uncorrelated with Turkish employees’ strain, though moderated regression analyses revealed interaction effects associated with national and individual level collectivism. These results suggest that collectivistic values may serve as a buffer against harmful effects associated with surface acting. This study is the first to directly compare emotional labour processes in U.S. and Turkish service employees and expand the process model of emotional labour to include collectivism. The theoretical implications of this expanded model are discussed, along with future research directions and practical applications of these findings.     

顾客不公平与员工情感性劳动关系研究——换位思考能力和负面情感的作用

对2家高星级酒店的一线服务人员进行了调研,探讨员工感知的顾客不公平对其情感性劳动行为的影响。数据分析结果表明,员工感知的顾客不公平对其表面表演行为有显著的正向影响,而对深层表演行为有显著的负向影响;负面情感会对顾客不公平与员工深层表演行为的关系有部分中介作用,而员工的换位思考能力则会调节员工感知的顾客不公平对负面情感的影响强度;员工的换位思考能力越强,顾客不公平行为对员工负面情感的影响力度越小。     

变革/交易型领导对团队创新绩效的权变影响机制——团队情绪氛围的调节作用

基于85个团队的团队领导和450名团队成员的配对数据,通过统计分析发现:当团队情绪氛围比较积极时,变革型领导与团队创新绩效正相关,交易型领导与团队创新绩效负相关;当团队情绪氛围比较消极时,变革型领导与团队创新绩效负相关,交易型领导与团队创新绩效正相关。最后,结合有关研究结果给出了相应的实践和研究建议。     

Risk Perception of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination by High-Exposed and Low-Exposed Inhabitants: The Role of Knowledge and Emotional Concerns

Soil contaminated with heavy metals is a salient example of environmental risk. Consumption of vegetables cultivated in contaminated soil or direct ingestion of soil by small children can damage health. In contrast to other kinds of pollution or risks such as air pollution or exposure to ozone, the individual risk concerning soil contamination is highly dependent on the way one is exposed to the local source of risk. Thus, we wanted to know if risk perception varies according to the level of exposure. A quasi-experimental, questionnaire-based study was conducted in a community in northwest Switzerland, where the soil is widely contaminated. The level of contamination varies with the distance from the source of the contamination, a metal processing plant. We investigated the perception of risk of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by inhabitants with high-exposure levels (N= 27) and those with low-exposure levels (N= 30). Both groups judged the risk for oneself similarly whereas the low-exposure group, when compared to the high-exposure group, judged perceived risk for other affected people living in their community to be higher. Besides this exposure effect, risk perception was mainly determined by emotional concerns. Participants with higher scores in self-estimated knowledge tended to provide low-risk judgments, were less interested in further information, showed low emotional concern, and thus displayed high risk acceptance. In contrast, actual knowledge showed no correlation with any of theses variables. Judgments on the need for decontamination are determined by risk perception, less application of dissonance-reducing heuristics and commitment to sustainability. The desire for additional information is not affected by missing knowledge but is affected by emotional concerns.     

基于消费者情绪效用下劣势耐用品企业的延保服务策略有效性研究

基于消费者情绪效用对耐用品企业延保服务策略有效性的影响，构建双寡头微分博弈模型，研究耐用品企业的延保服务策略对产品均衡价格的影响特征，并进一步讨论了劣势耐用品企业延保服务策略的有效性。结论表明：服务投入在不同范围内，产品均衡价格随着服务投入的增加而变化的特征不同；高质量企业的延保最优价格与服务投入成递增关系变化，而低质量企业的延保最优价格随服务投入增加的变化特征还与其故障率、延保期等因素有关。低质量耐用品企业的服务投入满足大于1时，采取增加服务投入缩小与高质量产品的价格差是有效的；只有在一定条件下，采取延长质保期、延保期策略缩小价格差才是有效的。最后，利用数值分析法进一步验证了结论的合理性。研究可为耐用品企业有效实施延保服务策略提供决策支持。