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1.
Two groups of video lottery gamblers (pathological N =30, and non-pathological N =34) were compared while they participated in gambling and gambling related tasks using subjective ratings of excitement, electromyographic activity (EMG), skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate (HR). Although the groups experienced similar levels of increased physiological response the pathological gamblers reported greater levels of subjective excitement. It was concluded that the pathological and non-pathological gamblers might perceive their responses to gambling and gambling related situations differently. 相似文献
2.
Pantalon MV Maciejewski PK Desai RA Potenza MN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):63-78
Excitement-seeking and related constructs have been associated with heavier gambling and negative health measures in problem
and/or pathological gamblers. Most adults gamble recreationally and an understanding of the relationship between excitement-seeking
as a motivation for gambling amongst subsyndromal gamblers has significant public health implications. Logistic regression
analyses were used to examine a national sample of past-year recreational gamblers (N = 1,476) to identify characteristics distinguishing gamblers acknowledging gambling for excitement (“Excitement-seeking Gamblers”
or EGs) and gamblers denying gambling for excitement (“Non-excitement-seeking Gamblers” or NEGs). EGs were more likely than
NEGs to report alcohol use and abuse/dependence, any substance abuse/dependence, incarceration, large gambling wins and losses,
more frequent and varied gambling, and symptoms of pathological gambling (i.e., at-risk gambling). Together, these findings
indicate that EGs are more likely than NEGs to demonstrate problems in multiple areas characterized by impaired impulse control. 相似文献
3.
1. Social gamblers view gambling as a form of entertainment or recreation and gamble with no harmful effects, while problem gamblers' behavior causes disruption or harm to themselves or others in major life areas. Pathological gamblers fail to resist the impulse to gamble, with the resulting loss of control in their gambling behavior. 2. Pathological gambling is a primary mental health disorder of impulse control. 3. Treatment for pathological gamblers should be individualized, and interventions should address both the gambling disorder and any comorbid disorders. 相似文献
4.
Helga Myrseth Geir Scott Brunborg Magnus Eidem 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):561-569
Cognitive distortions have been thought to play an important role in the development and maintenance of pathological gambling.
The present study investigated whether severity of gambling problems and gamblers’ preference for chance or skill games were
related to two sub-factors of cognitive distortions as measured by the Gamblers Belief Questionnaire: Luck/Perseverance, which
reflects an individual’s perception that chance is favorable to him/her, and Illusion of Control, which reflects an individual’s
perception that his/her behavior influences chance occurrences. Participants (N = 166) were recruited from a race track (n = 79), off-course betting facilities (n = 50) and from an online treatment program for problem gamblers (n = 49). Gambling severity was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen, and 73 were classified as pathological gamblers
whereas 93 were classified as non-pathological gamblers. The present study supports previous proposals that cognitive distortions
are core processes related to gambling behavior as pathological gamblers reported more cognitive distortions than did non-pathological
gamblers. A preference for skill games was also associated with greater Illusion of Control compared to a preference for chance
games. For gamblers preferring skill games there were no differences in Luck/Perseverance or Illusion of Control between pathological
and non-pathological gamblers. 相似文献
5.
Pille-Riin Kaare René Mõttus Kenn Konstabel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):377-390
Due to changes in gambling accessibility during the last decade gambling has become more widespread in Estonia and the prevalence
of pathological gambling has sharply increased. The present study attempts to identify psychological characteristics of Estonian
pathological gamblers. It has been shown that a wide range of social, economic, and individual factors (e.g. personality traits
and emotional states) predict the likelihood of becoming a pathological gambler. In the present study, pathological gamblers’
(N = 33) personality traits, self-esteem, self-reported emotional states and cognitive ability were compared to the respective
characteristics in a non-gambling control group (N = 42) matched for age, gender and educational level. It was found that compared to controls, pathological gamblers had higher
scores on Neuroticism (especially on its immoderation facet) and lower scores on Conscientiousness (especially on its dutifulness
and cautiousness facets) and on self-esteem scale. They reported more negative emotional states during the previous month
(especially depression and anxiety). Finally, pathological gamblers had lower general cognitive ability. In a logistic regression
model, the likelihood of being a pathological gambler was best predicted by high immoderation score and low cognitive ability.
相似文献
Pille-Riin KaareEmail: |
6.
Susana Jiménez-Murcia Eva M. Álvarez-Moya Randy Stinchfield Fernando Fernández-Aranda Roser Granero Neus Aymamí Mónica Gómez-Peña Nuria Jaurrieta Francesca Bove José M. Menchón 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(2):235-248
We aimed to explore the association between age of onset of gambling problems and current psychopathological and clinical
status, personality profile and therapeutic outcome in a sample of pathological gamblers. A total of 904 consecutive pathological
gambling patients were administered several instruments about gambling behavior, psychopathology and personality. They received
a 4-month cognitive-behavioral group treatment. Information of dropouts and relapses during treatment was registered. Older
age of onset of gambling problems was associated with higher general psychopathology (SCL-90-R Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism,
Depression; P < 0.015). Younger age of onset was related to greater severity of pathological gambling (P < 0.015), higher novelty seeking, and lower self-directedness (P < 0.015). No statistically significant association was found between age of onset and relapse and dropouts during treatment.
Age of onset of gambling problems seems to influence the clinical presentation of pathological gambling but not treatment
outcome. 相似文献
7.
Neighbors C Lostutter TW Cronce JM Larimer ME 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2002,18(4):361-370
The present research combined qualitative and quantitative approaches in examining gambling motives among college student gamblers. A comprehensive set of 16 gambling motives was identified by categorizing 762 open-ended reasons for gambling, provided by 184 college student gamblers. Results revealed that most college students gamble to win money, for fun, for social reasons, for excitement, or just to have something to do. Overall, the results suggest the need for an eclectic biopsychosocial approach with regard to etiology of college student gambling. 相似文献
8.
Ki-Joon Back Choong-Ki Lee Randy Stinchfield 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):355-370
The aim of this study was to examine the structural relationship among gambling motivation, gambling passion, and behavioral
intentions to gamble between recreational and pathological gamblers. Specifically, this study aimed to shed light on the different
ways in which gambling motivation and affective attitude are associated with recreational and pathological gamblers. Using
a purposive sampling method, 400 subjects were selected for and participated in this study during their visits to a casino.
Study results echoed the notion of distinctive and separate gambling motivations and passions between recreational and pathological
gamblers. Also, results identified specific areas to which casino operators or policy makers should pay special attention
in developing effective marketing strategies to promote responsible gambling. 相似文献
9.
Alex Blaszczynski Michael Walker Louise Sharpe Lia Nower 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(2):179-192
The phenomenological similarities between gambling and substance dependence have led to the conceptualization of pathological gambling as an addictive disorder. Tolerance and withdrawal are important features of both disorders, suggesting commonalities in the neurobiological processes associated with neuroadaptational underpinnings. However, there are few empirical studies supporting the presence of tolerance and withdrawal reported in the gambling literature. Moreover, there are no studies comparing the equivalence of tolerance and withdrawal between gambling and alcohol dependence. This study compared tolerance and withdrawal features in samples of gamblers, alcoholics and gamblers who also met criteria for alcohol dependence. In contrast to the addiction model, findings indicate that, while a majority of participants increased bet size, the motivation to do so was not for excitement or to maintain arousal levels as indicated by the DSM-IV-TR but because of cognitive factors related to winning. Results supported the notion that pathological gamblers experienced similar levels of withdrawal symptom severity as alcohol-dependent participants. Further research is needed to evaluate whether those symptoms result from the inability to gamble or from the loss of an avoidant stress coping strategy. 相似文献
10.
Ladouceur R Arsenault C Dubé D Freeston MH Jacques C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1997,13(1):69-84
Advertisements were published in local newspapers asking for volunteers to participate in a study on gambling. A battery of eleven questionnaires was mailed to the subjects assessing pathological gambling behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, motivation to gamble, erroneous perceptions about gambling, superstitious beliefs, depressive symptoms, social anxiety and avoidance, alcohol and drug abuse, problem-solving skills, and marital satisfaction. Subjects received $10 when they returned the questionnaires fully completed. Response rate was over 95%. Surprisingly, 29% of the respondents met the criterion for probable pathological gambling (score of 5 or more on the SOGS) and a further 16% were identified as potential pathological gamblers (scores of 3 or 4). The potential and probable pathological gamblers showed significant differences on motivational and cognitive variables related to gambling compared to those subjects who showed no signs of pathological gambling. The probable pathological gamblers reported significantly more signs of poor psychosocial functioning than the other two groups, including depressive symptoms, poor problem orientation, drug and alcohol abuse, and interpersonal conflict. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
11.
The results of this study support the notion that pathological gamblers drawn from the community would score higher on all three scores from the YBOCS than light gamblers. Consistent with hypotheses, pathological gamblers (lottery and scratch ticket) reported more obsessions, compulsions, and avoidance behavior than the light gamblers, and also reported having more urges to engage in injurious behaviors to themselves and others. These findings provide evidence that pathological gambling falls in a spectrum or family of disorders which have obsessive-compulsive disorder at its core. These findings support McElroy, Hudson, Philips, et al.'s (1993) suggestions of similarities between OCD and Impulse Control Disorders, and extend Blaszczynski (1999) findings of overlap between pathological gamblers and OCD in a treatment population. Heavy gamblers also reported significantly more hoarding symptoms and compulsive buying than light gamblers. More research in this area may show further evidence of a spectrum of disorders with obsessive compulsive disorder at its core, and show further links between impulse control disorders (such as pathological gambling) and OCD. 相似文献
12.
Young MM Wohl MJ Matheson K Baumann S Anisman H 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):275-293
The influence of gambling outcomes on the efficacy of a short gambling episode to prime motivation to continue gambling was
determined in two experiments in which desire to gamble was evaluated while participants played a slot machine located in
a virtual reality casino. In experiment 1, 38 high-risk [>3 Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI)] [Ferris and Wynne (The
Canadian problem gambling index: final report, 2001)] and 36 non-problem gamblers (0 PGSI) either won or lost a modest amount.
Among high-risk gamblers, winning resulted in a greater increase in the desire to continue gambling than did losing. In experiment
2, 39 high-risk, 33 low-risk (0 < PGSI < 3), and 31 non-problem gamblers experienced either a single large win or a series
of small wins (equivalent monetary gain). Participants were permitted to continue playing as long as they wanted (all subsequent
spins being losses) thus permitting evaluation of persistence (resistance to extinction). Throughout, desire to gamble was
assessed using a single item measure. High-risk gamblers who experienced a large win reported significantly greater desire
to gamble upon voluntary cessation than those who experienced a series of small wins. It seems that the priming effects of
a short gambling episode are contingent on the pattern of outcomes experienced by the gambler. The data were related to motivational
factors associated with gambling, gambling persistence, and chasing losses. 相似文献
13.
Desmond Lam Richard Mizerski 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(2):539-553
The objective of this study is to explore the gambling participations and game purchase duplication of light regular, heavy regular and pathological gamblers by applying the Duplication of Purchase Law. Current study uses data collected by the Australian Productivity Commission for eight different types of games. Key behavioral statistics on light regular, heavy regular, and pathological gamblers were computed and compared. The key finding is that pathological gambling, just like regular gambling, follows the Duplication of Purchase Law, which states that the dominant factor of purchase duplication between two brands is their market shares. This means that gambling between any two games at pathological level, like any regular consumer purchases, exhibits “law-like” regularity based on the pathological gamblers’ participation rate of each game. Additionally, pathological gamblers tend to gamble more frequently across all games except lotteries and instant as well as make greater cross-purchases compared to heavy regular gamblers. A better understanding of the behavioral traits between regular (particularly heavy regular) and pathological gamblers can be useful to public policy makers and social marketers in order to more accurately identify such gamblers and better manage the negative impacts of gambling. 相似文献
14.
Mariano Chóliz 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(2):249-256
Slot machines are the most “addictive” games because (a) the disorder (pathological gambling) appears more rapidly in these
games than with any other; (b) most patients who seek professional help are mainly addicted to electronic gambling, and (c)
even though it is not the more frequent game, most of all the money spent on legal games of chance (at least in Spain) goes
to slot machines. Structural characteristics of slot machines induce to gamble because electronic games show the main parameters
of operant conditioning, mainly the immediacy of the reinforcement. Ten pathological gamblers played slot machine in two conditions:
immediate and delayed reinforcement. The results corroborate the importance of the immediacy of the reinforcement in gambling,
because when the result appears immediately (after 2 s), more games are played than when the result is delayed only 10 s.
Critical issues in problem gambling prevention and public health are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Kushner MG Abrams K Donahue C Thuras P Frost R Kim SW 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(2):121-132
Cue-reactivity has received increased attention in addiction research, though not for gambling in particular. We examined
cue reactivity in 18 problem gamblers by accompanying them to a gaming casino and measuring their subjective urge to gamble
over a 1-h period. Half of the sample was additionally exposed to a gambling-specific negative mood induction (NMI) manipulation
via guided imagery. Overall, about two-thirds of the sample reported moderate to high-gambling urges during the casino exposure.
Additionally, the NMI reduced cue-reactivity. Finally, gambling urges in both groups decreased over the course of the exposure
sessions. These findings suggest that a majority of problem gamblers experience the urge to gamble when exposed to gambling
cues and that the intensity of these urges decrease with time, especially in the presence of a gambling-relevant NMI. Cue
exposure should be studied further as a potential tool in the treatment of problem gambling. 相似文献
16.
Alex P. Blaszczynski Simon W. Winter Neil McConaghy 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1986,2(1):3-14
Despite its formal definition as a disorder of impulse control, pathological gambling has come under the generic label of addictive disorders with subjective excitement and physiological arousal as the major motivating factor. Individual differences in autonomic/cortical arousability in interaction with irregular schedules of reinforcement have been postulated to be important determinant factors in the pathogenesis of pathological gambling (Anderson & Brown, 1984). Mood disturbances and cross-addictions are frequently observed in pathological gamblers seeking treatment and the behavior has also been conceptualized as a defense against depression and anxiety. Recently the role of endorphins has been implicated in mood disturbances associated with psychiatric states and in addictive processes; the latter through their euphorogenic or reward-transmitting properties in accordance with operant and classical conditioning principles. The hypothesis that the etiology or maintenance of gambling behavior is related to endorphin activity was investigated in this study. Using radioimmunoassay techniques, baseline B-endorphin plasma levels were measured in a sample of 39 pathological gamblers seeking treatment and 16 male and 19 female non-gambling healthy control subjects. In addition, B-endorphin reactivity to gambling activity was measured in a subgroup of 13 horse-race gamblers.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III criteria for diagnosis were used. Written consent was obtained. Blood samples were drawn at the same time of day for each subject. The experimental procedure consisted of taking baseline blood samples at 11 a.m. following which subjects were instructed to place a bet sufficient to excite them on a horse-race. A subsequent blood sample was taken at 2 p.m., five minutes after subjects listened to the race broadcast on radio. Heart rate measures and a visual analogue scale rating excitement, tension and urge to gamble were also administered immediately before and after the race broadcast. Results showed that as a group pathological gamblers did not differ from controls on baseline B-endorphin levels. But differentiating gamblers according to type of gambling activity revealed horserace addicts to have significantly lower baseline levels as compared to poker-machine players and controls. This finding provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that distinct subgroups of gamblers exist and raises the corollary that different etiological factors may characterize each subgroup. That B-endorphin levels did not increase in response to gambling was explained by the failure of the relatively small bet size to generate high arousal.This paper was presented at the Sixth National Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, held at Atlantic City, New Jersey, December 9 to 12, 1984. 相似文献
17.
Kerber CH Hickey KL Astroth KM Kim M 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2012,50(8):32-39
The proliferation of lotteries and casinos has led to increased participation in gambling. Older adults who have opportunities to gamble may be vulnerable to gambling problems, and incarcerated older adults may be the most vulnerable. Furthermore, research has linked decreased health to gambling problems. This study compared perceived health and gambling problems among 43 incarcerated older adults from two county jails in the midwestern United States. Results from the South Oaks Gambling Screen indicated 48.83% of the sample scored in the problem or pathological range. Short Form-36 results were compared with U.S. norms for ages 55 to 64 and showed significantly lower perceived health scores on Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, Mental Health, Social Functioning, and Role-Emotional subscales. The problem and pathological gamblers showed significantly lower social functioning than the recreational gamblers. Assessment of health conditions and gambling behaviors is important for quantifying current and anticipated burdens of these conditions on correctional health care systems and the community. 相似文献
18.
BARBARA A. HIRSHORN CHERI A. YOUNG BO J. BERNHARD 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(3):345-360
Although a steady increase in the number of legalized gambling venues is occurring, few studies have empirically investigated the determinants of recreational gambling frequency among older adults. This investigation is based on a random-digit dialling sample of 290 residents 55 and older in the Las Vegas, Nevada, USA area whom self-reported that they currently gamble, had moved to Las Vegas after the age of 18, and were not problem or pathological gamblers. Using ordinal regression methods, we examined the impact upon gambling frequency of the following factors: age when moved to the community; considerations motivating in-migration to the community; and social interaction during gambling; as well as age; sex; income; and marital status. Results indicate that more frequent gamblers are single, male, 55–60 years old, gamble with friends, moved to Las Vegas to live after the age of 40 and for whom gambling was an important motivation for moving to Las Vegas. 相似文献
19.
Numerous studies have shown that pathological gamblers are particularly prone to various cognitive biases that may explain why they continue to gamble despite having occurred substantial losses. A common explanation advanced to account for this finding is that pathological gamblers may have poorer numerical or statistical knowledge than other people. Addressing these deficits is therefore seen as one possible way in which to assist pathological gamblers or prevent the development of problematic behaviour within the broader community. The aim of this study was test this assumption by assessing the numerical reasoning skills, objective gambling knowledge and tendency towards biased reasoning in a sample of 90 regular poker-machine gamblers (pathological and non-pathological) and a non-gambling comparison group (n = 45). Analyses based on both group comparisons and regression analyses controlling for differences in educational attainment showed that pathological gamblers scored significantly higher on the cognitive biases measure than other gamblers. However, this difference could not be attributed to poorer knowledge of gambling odds or limited numerical ability among pathological gamblers. The findings suggest that educating pathological gamblers with greater knowledge about the odds of gambling is unlikely to be an effective harm minimisation strategy. 相似文献
20.
Burge AN Pietrzak RH Petry NM 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(3):263-274
This study examined the association between pre- or early-adolescent onset of gambling and severity of gambling and psychosocial problems in treatment-seeking adult pathological gamblers. A total of 236 pathological gamblers entering outpatient treatment completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Using a quartile split procedure, gamblers who began gambling during their pre- or early-adolescent years (mean age of 10.5 years; 1st quartile) were compared to gamblers who began gambling later in life (mean age of 23.0 years; 2nd to 4th quartiles). Compared to later onset gamblers, pre/early adolescent onset gamblers reported increased severity of psychiatric, family/social, and substance abuse problems on the ASI. They were more likely to report cognitive problems (trouble understanding, concentrating, or remembering), suicidal ideation, and a history of inpatient psychiatric treatment, and were less likely to be satisfied with their current living situation. Pre/early adolescent onset gamblers also reported earlier age of initiation of drinking, and were more likely to have received treatment for an alcohol use disorder, and to have used cannabis and cocaine in their lifetimes. Taken together, these data suggest that pre/early adolescent-onset of gambling may be a risk factor for later-life psychiatric, family/social, and substance abuse problems in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers. 相似文献