股市预期收益率与波动关系的研究

利用SV_m模型对Koopman等的研究结论进行了验证,对SV_m模型进行了扩展,提出了一种能捕捉非对称效应的A-SV_m模型,并用该模型和SV_m模型对预期收益率与波动的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果与Koopman等人的结论不同,表明预期收益率与波动之间的关系是时变的,而且波动(条件方差)对预期收益率的影响并不显著.结合Harrison、Campbell等人的研究对结果进行了解释.     

中国股票市场量价关系的重新审视--基于鲁棒(Robust)方法的研究

本文将鲁棒(Robust)方法引入股市量价关系的研究领域,并将研究结果同传统的经过UnitRootTest、ADF检验,修正过异方差(怀特程序)的最小二乘法(OLS)的结果进行分析对比.同时针对国内现有研究的不足,将收益率扩展到收盘收益率和开盘收益率,将交易量扩展到交易量和交易量变化,同时研究了滞后1-5天交易量和交易量变化对两种收益率的影响,并对研究结果进行了深入细致的分析.     

混频投资者情绪与股票价格行为北大核心CSCDCSSCI

采用混频数据抽样模型(MIDAS)研究了混频投资者情绪对中国股市收益率及其波动的影响.通过构建日度、周度及月度这三种不同频率的投资者情绪,实证结果发现,混频情绪对当期收益率及其波动都存在显著的正向影响,并且与传统回归模型相比,MIDAS模型具有更强的解释能力.本文进一步使用GARCH-MIDAS模型研究了混频情绪对收益率波动长期成分的影响,发现混频情绪能够显著影响收益的长期波动.     

混频投资者情绪与股票价格行为

采用混频数据抽样模型(MIDAS)研究了混频投资者情绪对中国股市收益率及其波动的影响.通过构建日度、周度及月度这三种不同频率的投资者情绪,实证结果发现,混频情绪对当期收益率及其波动都存在显著的正向影响,并且与传统回归模型相比,MIDAS模型具有更强的解释能力.本文进一步使用GARCH-MIDAS模型研究了混频情绪对收益率波动长期成分的影响,发现混频情绪能够显著影响收益的长期波动.     

基于马尔科夫切换模型的上证指数周收益率时间序列分析

本文先对上证指数收益率时间序列做非线性检测,再对时间序列进行结构性变化检测,发现上证指数收益序列既是非线性时间序列又有结构性变化;通过构建一个3状态,3阶滞后的异方差马尔可夫切换模型对1990年12月21日至2008年8月22日上证指数周收益率时间序列规律进行了实证分析,采用极大似然估计法对模型参数进行估计,识别出股市波动的三种主要的状态:慢涨、慢跌和快涨;实证结果表明马尔可夫切换模型能够比较有效的刻画股市波动的阶段性特征.     

对冲基金与国际资产价格的波动性传递

金融危机前后对冲基金规模指数、国际商品期货价格指数、标普500指数和油价收益率的波动均呈现异常,对此本文的研究发现:在正常时期对冲基金规模与主要资产收益率的波动均具有平稳性质,对冲基金对于主要资产收益率的变化都有及时的反应;在金融危机前后,上述资产收益率均出现急剧波动,波动性传递呈现突出的非平稳特性;特别是对冲基金对油价收益率具有显著的波动溢出效应,并且对于油价波动的非平稳性具有主要解释能力.由此,代表性资产收益率波动的非平稳特性可以作为危机爆发的警示性指标.     

我国沪市波动聚集性GARCH效应的实证研究

股票价格的频繁波动是股票市场最明显的特征之一,自回归条件异方差类模型可以很好地预测金融资产收益率的方差.通过对我国股价指数的统计描述,表明我国金融资产收益率存在自回归条件异方差的特征,并表现出非正态性.利用自回归条件异方差类模型,采用 1993年～2003 年的数据对上证指数的波动进行拟合,结果表明,广义自回归条件异方差模型对我国股市波动具有较好的拟合效果.     

基于修正GARCH模型的中国股市收益率与波动周内效应实证研究

本文研究《证券法》实施之后的2000-2006年沪深股市收益率与波动的周内效应。利用修正的GARCH模型,发现两市收益率的最大与最小值均分别出现在周二与周四;两市的最小波动均出现在周二,但沪市的最大波动在周三,而深市的最大波动则在周一。进一步的分析表明中国股市的收益率与市场风险有显著的正向关系,即投资者由于承担高风险而受到补偿获得高收益。文章最后对周内效应的存在提出了两种解释。     

中国股票市场收益率的可预测性研究

构造了包括中国A股市场组合、行业组合、账面市值比组合和市值组合在内的31个投资组合,选取了8个预测因子(账面市值比、股利分配率、股息价格比、股息收益率、每股收益价格比、现金收益价格比、通货膨胀率、股票波动率),运用了可行拟广义最小二乘法对各因子对各投资组合收益率的可预测性进行了样本内和样本外检验.研究发现:1)中国股市收益率是可预测的,但是各投资组合收益率的可预测性在样本内、样本外、熊市和牛市均存在差异;2)绝大部分投资组合收益率的可预测性可由条件CAPM模型捕捉的时变系统风险溢价充分解释; 3)行业投资组合收益率的可预测性与行业集中度显著负相关,可由信息摩擦理论解释.     

中国股票市场可预测性研究：基于机器学习的视角

股市风险溢价是金融学中的一个经典研究问题.常见的线性模型存在着模型误设和参数不稳定的问题，难以有效预测风险溢价.本研究从机器学习的视角重新检视了中国股票市场的可预测性.基于1996年1月—2019年12月的数据，构建提升回归树(boosting regression trees, BRT)模型对股市收益率与波动率进行样本外预测，并构建了最优风险资产配置模型.实证结果显示：1)提升回归树方法能够对收益率、波动率和最优风险资产权重做出准确预测；2)在收益率预测中最重要的三个变量分别是净权益增加值、换手率和股价方差；挖掘预测变量之间的非线性关系是BRT预测能力的来源；3)结合提升回归树预测构建的最优风险资产组合可以为投资者带来更高的收益和效用.本研究将机器学习方法引入股票市场风险溢价的研究，为此问题的研究提供了全新的视角.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.