Intergenerational social mobility and religious ecology: Disaggregating the conservative Protestant bloc

We extend research on the effects of religious ecologies by examining the role of religious ecologies in intergenerational socioeconomic mobility. We do so first by providing a theoretical framework addressing the diverse cultural influences of religious traditions and their impact on intergenerational mobility. We argue that certain otherworldly orientations among conservative Protestants suppress mechanisms of upward mobility, and that there are meaningful distinctions between sub-groups of conservative Protestants (evangelicals, fundamentalists, and Pentecostals). An analysis of county-level data from the recently released Equality of Opportunity Project and the Churches and Church Membership Survey is used to empirically examine the relationship between religious ecologies and intergenerational mobility. Findings suggest distinct effects of different religious groups on intergenerational mobility. These results demonstrate the importance of accounting for the ecological impact of religion on social mobility in the United States and challenge the conceptualization of conservative Protestants as a monolithic group.     

Conservative Protestantism and attitudes toward corporal punishment, 1986–2014

Research indicates that conservative Protestants are highly supportive of corporal punishment. Yet, Americans’ support for this practice has waned during the past several decades. This study aggregates repeated cross-sectional data from the General Social Surveys (GSS) to consider three models that address whether attitudes toward spanking among conservative Protestants shifted relative to those of other Americans from 1986 to 2014. Although initial results reveal a growing gap between conservative Protestants and the broader American public, we find that average levels of support have remained most robust among less educated conservative Protestants, with some erosion among more highly educated conservative Protestants. Moreover, trends in variability suggest that conservative Protestants exhibit more cohesive support for this practice than do others. These results provide a window into the cultural contours of religious change and the social factors that facilitate such change.     

Religion and vulnerability among low-risk adolescents

Studies of resilient youth have documented the helpful influence of religion in their lives. In the absence of positive influences among high-risk youth, religion and religious organizations in particular often serve to promote prosocial outcomes. This study, on the other hand, investigates whether religion and religious change are comparably effective influences in reducing the vulnerability of low-risk youth to drinking, drug use, delinquency, problems in school, and poor grades. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study identified at least one influential aspect of religion that serves as a direct protective factor across each mode of vulnerability, and also documented indirect pathways of religious influence. We discuss the findings and consider the variable influence of religion on youth.     

犹太教及其在中国的传播与哈尔滨的犹太教和犹太教堂

在近代,哈尔滨曾是东亚犹太人最大的宗教中心。犹太人在哈尔滨所进行的政治、宗教、经济和文化活动,对哈尔滨的经济繁荣、城市建设曾起过一定作用。目前在哈尔滨仍保存着东亚犹太人最大的犹太教堂。保护和利用这一文化遗存,深入研究哈尔滨犹太人和散居于世界各地的哈尔滨犹太人及其后裔的生活状况,有利于加强中国与以色利、中国与世界各国犹太人的文化交流与经贸合作。     

我国蔬菜产业供需状况及其走向

我国蔬菜供需状况在总量上已经表现出供大于求的趋势,但蔬菜供给出现区域性、结构性短缺的风险依然很大。在供给方面,最主要的特征表现为总量趋于饱和而质量有待提高;在需求方面,国内蔬菜需求的人均占有量已趋于稳定,但满足其质量需求仍有困难。影响影响蔬菜供需均衡的因素主要包括:蔬菜生产的土地资源约束、科技进步及其推广深度、生产收益性水平、收入因素以及蔬菜流通体系等。为保证蔬菜供给均衡,稳定蔬菜价格,应加强信息引导,建立市场分析与预警机制;加强蔬菜生产基地建设,改善蔬菜质量;加快蔬菜加工工业的发展;充分发挥农民专业合作社在稳定蔬菜价格波动中的作用。     

哈尔滨犹太人墓地考察研究

在近代,哈尔滨曾是东亚犹太人最大的聚集中心和宗教中心。犹太人在哈尔滨所进行的政治、宗教、经济和文化活动,对哈尔滨的经济繁荣、城市建设曾起过一定作用。目前在哈尔滨仍保存着东亚最大的犹太人墓地。保护和利用这一文化遗存,深入研究哈尔滨犹太人史和散居于世界各地的哈尔滨犹太人及其后裔的生活状况,有利于加强中国与以色列,中国与世界各国犹太人的文化交流与经济合作。     

宏观均衡中的经济主体行为

我们分析当前需求不足常常忽略了对经济主体行为的研究。经济主体行为由经济体制和经济发展阶段决定 ,而 90年代经济体制影响因素在弱化 ,经济发展阶段成为影响经济主体行为的主要因素 ,为此 ,我们在制定扩张性政策时 ,需要新的思路 ,刺激需求和促进供给双管齐下 ,才能取得事半功倍的效果     

“轴心期”形成的犹太教文化传统对后世之影响——兼对“犹太模式”的历史考察与未来展望

在德国哲学家雅斯贝斯提出的世界历史的"轴心期"的概念里,犹太人所创立的以犹太教为主旨内容的希伯来文明和中华文明、印度文明一样成为东西方文化传统的源头;探讨轴心期产生的犹太教对后世的基督教和伊斯兰教的影响,可以看出三者同属犹太系宗教的范畴;根据汤因比提出的三种文明解体的模式分析当今世界的格局,可以发现美国似乎正在成为罗马帝国的翻版,而道德至上的中华文明的复兴则给世界的美好未来带来了一丝希望之光。同时,由于犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教同属犹太系宗教,有着很多根本的相同点,所以在人类要共同面对生存危机的条件下也许可以实现和解而和平共处。     

通货膨胀定位理论与实证分析

通货膨胀定位框架（ITF）因其广泛认同的高效性,在世界范围内日益流行并被货币政策制定者采纳。基于对中国通货膨胀产生过程的全面分析,文章对通货膨胀治理框架的实用性进行了探索和研究,引入了与经典的Svensson（1997）模型假设不同的Chand—Singh（2006）模型,增加了供给方面的影响因素。研究显示,中国的通货膨胀主要是由需求推动的,奠定了采用需求管理策略（如通货膨胀目标定位）的理论基础。但要实现其远行,中国尚有很长的路要走,需要包括金融部门在内的多方配套改革作为政策准备。     

农村公共物品供给效率的影响因素分析——基于重庆市12个村庄道路和水利设施的调查

农村公共物品的供需缺口、价格水平、供给制度及农民的心理比较对供给效率有重要影响.通过对农村公共物品:道路基础建设、自来水供给、灌溉设施等质量、数量、价格、供给效率、是否征求意见、需求及满意度、资金筹集等方面的统计,分析认为:农村公共物品在质量上和数量上的供需缺口越小,价格水平越低,需求表达机制越完善,农民对公共物品的满意度就越高,供给效率亦越高.     

汇率变动、价格传导与江苏省外贸进出口——基于毕肯戴克—罗宾逊—梅勒茨条件的研究

本文以江苏省2005年7月至2010年12月的数据为样本,基于毕肯戴克—罗宾逊—梅勒茨条件重新检验了汇率变动与江苏省进出口贸易的关系。结果显示,江苏省进口、出口需求及出口供给均富有价格弹性,出口供给的价格弹性值最小;对出口需求影响最大的是国外的物价水平,其次是国外的收入水平,最小的是出口价格;地区产出能力对出口供给的影响要远大于出口价格;地区物价水平对进口的影响最大,其次是进口价格。相对而言,地区收入的影响最小,基本可以忽略不计;江苏省进出口贸易满足毕肯戴克—罗宾逊—梅勒茨条件,产出高速增长等非价格因素是人民币升值而贸易收支未受影响的主要原因。     

嵌入式宗教：西双版纳傣族宗教生活的解读

嵌入式宗教是指宗教嵌入到社会结构中,宗教生活受到社会结构中政治、经济、社会关系等因素的影响。傣族的宗教是一种典型的嵌入式宗教,不同历史时期的宗教与政治、经济等社会因素有不同的互动和关联,并呈现出神职人员的非职业化和信众宗教生活中的超验目的与现实诉求合二为一等方面的特点。     

The effects of religious contextual norms, structural constraints, and personal religiosity on abortion decisions

Researchers have established that individual religiosity influences abortion attitudes, and that abortion attitudes, in turn, shape abortion restrictions and access. Less clear is whether religion and abortion structural constraints influence abortion decisions. This study examines the several individual, contextual, and structural factors that could shape the abortion decisions of women who conceive before marriage. Special attention is given to the importance of academic aspirations and structural constraints, in contrast to religious beliefs and county religious context, for making an abortion decision. Hierarchical modeling techniques and two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) are employed. Neither generic religiosity nor conservative Protestant religious context appear to influence women’s abortion decisions. Conversely, young women’s abortion decisions are shaped by academic ambition, identification with a conservative Protestant denomination, proximity to an abortion clinic and the level of public abortion funding in their county of residence.     

Correlates of experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism among Jews in the United States

This paper investigates American Jews’ personal experiencing of anti-Semitism and perception of its extent. Analysis of NJPS-2000/2001 indicates that lower age, less education, and American nativity increase experiencing of anti-Semitism. Religious identification and attachment to Israel are positively associated with anti-Semitic experience; friendship with other Jews has the opposite effect. Contextual factors are not significant for the experiencing of anti-Semitism but living in a state that leans toward the Democratic Party has a downward effect. Contrary to experience, younger age and higher education are negatively associated with the perception of a high incidence of anti-Semitism. Being a woman, American born, and living in states with high concentrations of Jews positively affect Jews’ perception of anti-Semitism. A paramount determinant of the perception of anti-Semitism is the individual’s belief that he or she has experienced it. The results are discussed in reference to three working hypotheses of integration, group identification, and environment.     

我国慈善供求平衡模式研究——基于34家省会电视台网站调研

本课题组在2009—2011年间,对我国34家省会电视台的网站进行了慈善需求报道的调查统计,结果显示,仅仅地方电视台报道的慈善需求有据可查的就有将近1.3万条,而这只占到所调研电视台实际接收慈善需求总量的3.1%,96.8%的慈善需求报道信息没能得到满足。该调研结果从一个侧面反映出我国慈善供求的严重失衡。本文依据供求平衡理论,在分析我国现有慈善供需失衡障碍的基础上,提出了适合我国当前现状的"哑铃式"慈善供给模式、"下传上达"式慈善需求表达机制以及建立慈善供求交流渠道的具体建议。     

"技工荒"视野的职业教育需求测度

当前我国经济发展中同时存在＂技工荒＂和农村富余劳动力转移压力偏大两种现象。从人力资本供需角度看,＂技工荒＂的根源是技能型人力资本的供给难以满足经济增长的需要,即职业教育的社会需求难以得到满足。另一方面,大量的农村富余劳动力对职业教育的需求受到抑制,缺乏知识技能,导致难以实现稳定就业。要解决这一问题,关键是解决职业教育社会需求与农民对职业教育的个人需求矛盾,提高农民的技能水平。     

我国家族企业的产权特征及其制度学思考

制度变迁是由外部利润的存在引起的变迁需求与供给主体的变迁供给共同作用的结果。我国家族企业现代产权制度变迁在变迁需求的诱致和供给约束下,将经历一条演化之路。在此过程中,企业主的探索和国家的支持都是不可或缺的。     

宗教与冷战后美国外交政策——以美国宗教团体的“苏丹运动”为例

冷战结束以来,宗教在美国的外交政策和国际事务中的作用从隐性转为显性。在美国外交事务领域,宗教以及宗教团体通过无形的宗教意识形态以及有形的组织机构两个维度发挥作用。同时,其影响也受到各种传统及现实因素的制约。这在苏丹运动中就有程度不等的体现。苏丹运动在某种程度上打破了长期以来美国对非洲政策的所谓三不规则,通过媒体宣传、基层动员和社会运动等方式形塑了美国外交政策议题。苏丹运动同时暴露了宗教团体介入美国对外事务领域的局限性。该运动为人们了解宗教以及宗教团体如何影响美国外交政策、研究后冷战时期宗教对国际关系的影响提供了重要案例。     

以供给侧改革提高高等学校人才培养水平

我国高等学校人才培养正面临“供”与“需”的多重矛盾,主要表现为高等学校培养专业人才类型和质量与社会人才需求类型和质量的结构性矛盾。从该主要矛盾出发,高等学校人才培养的关键是从其自身即供给侧进行改革。高等学校应适当扩大招生数量,及时调整专业和课程,提高师资水平,优化教学资源,加强实践环节,提升学生自觉成长意识。     

消费者对食品安全的支付意愿及其影响因素研究

研究消费者支付意愿可以获知消费者对食品安全的需求状况,对提高食品安全的供给效率、完善食品安全管理具有重要指导意义.与食品安全供给水平相比,我国消费者对食品安全的支付意愿处于较低水平,提高消费者对食品安全的支付意愿是促进我国食品安全市场发展的关键因素.消费者的性别、受教育程度、收入以及价格特征和消费者对食品安全的主观认知与评价等因素,对消费者的食品安全支付意愿具有重要影响.加强政府监管、增加食品安全信息供给是提高消费者食品安全支付意愿的有效途径.