Systems Ethics and Innovation

I.SVstemsEthicsandItsFunctionsInrecentyears,servicedepartmentshavebeenrequiredtoprovideguaranteesoftheirservices.Thedutiesandobligationsonthepartofservicedepartmentsandtherightsandobligationsofclientshavebeenmadeopenandinstitutionalizedbytheseguarantees,andthishaschangedthesituationinwhichclientshadpracticallynomeansofsupervisingorassessingthewrittenorunwritten"ethics"or"virtues"emphasizedbytheservicedepartments.Theformerself-regulationandself-constrainthavethusbeensocialized.These"promises"…     

Zhou Hong:The Experiences of Western Nations with Social Security Systems and the Enlightenments Gained from Such Experiences

Ⅰ.ProblemsConfrontingtheSocialSecuritySysteminWestemCountriesandReformsIbelievethatthesocialsecuritysystemsinWesterncountriesarenowfacingproblemsinthefollowingareas.1.Is"supply"or"demand"usedasarestrictivefactor?Socialsecuritywasoriginallydesignedeithertouse"supply"todetermine"demand,"thatis,theamountsofsecuritypaymentstobemadearesetaccordingtotheamountoftaxpaid,ortouse"demand"todetermine"supply,"thatistaxpaymentsaresetaccordingtoprojectedsecuritypayments.Ifcalculationsareaccurateandfunds…     

Economic Reasons for Migration,the Organization of the Labor Forceand the Selection of Jobs

Thelarge-scaleinter-regionalmigrationofworkershasattractedconsiderableattentionsincethemid1980s.Currenttheoriesandpoliciesarestilllimitedtothebeliefthatsuchmigrationconstitutesirrationalbehavior.Thispaperisdesignedtorevealthemicro-rationalityofrurallaborers'migrationandseIectionofjobs,tocounteracttheperceptionof"blindmigration"andtoreflectonexistingpoliciesonlabormigration.I.The"TodaroDoctrine"andtheNotionofBlindMigrationThebestknownandmostinfIuentialtheoreticalmodeloflabormigrationhasbeen…     

The Personal Background of Private Entrepreneurs & the“Success”of Their Enterprises

Ⅰ.IntroductionTheemergenceanddevelopmentofprivateentrepreneurshavebeennotablephenomenaduringthetransitionofthesocialstructure.ThispaperwillexaminethemechanismofChina'stransitiontoamarketeconomybyanalyzingthe"successes"ofprivateentrepreneursintheprivateeconomicsectorasanaspectofthistransition.Thetheoryof"markettransition"putforwardbyIvanSzelenyiandVictorNee,anddiscussionsrelatedtothistheory,provideareferencepointforanalyzingchangesinthesocialstructureorsocialstrataduringthetransitionofChines…     

说"命"

从语源学的角度去溯寻"命"字本源意义的生成及向派生意义演变的文化理据是一个重要课题.甲骨文中,"命"、"令"是字形相同,音相近、义相通,甚或有时通用的同源字.但这种通用是仅限于"命令"这一本来意义上的.在其后的引申、派生的道路上"命"和"令"便分道扬镳了.从三条线索描写、阐释"命"字的词义引申和演变的理据与轨迹1.从"命"的名词意义的引申来看.2.从"命"的动词意义的引申来看.3.从"命"和它的同源字"名"的通用中引申出的意义来看.我们依相关性和联想性的逻辑,参照古人的本体观念,人生哲学,揭示"命"一词诸多义项间的派生关系,并以相关的同源字印证之."命"一词的大家族,是古人"天命"的本体观演绎下的"人命"的人生观,上下尊卑的社会伦理观的文化亲缘关系的集合.     

行院及相关问题考释

"行院"一词最早见于宋人著述.原本是"本行"的意思,但其后又衍生出"散乐"或"百戏"之意以及与之相关的人的含义.行院之人既要承应官府,又要以色事人,但其"主业"却是以艺娱人.行院不等同于娼妓,二者之间只是"部分重合";行院也不等同于乐人,而只是"下属于"乐人.同时,由于娼妓与乐人之间也是"部分重合"的关系.所以在元明时期,从事娱乐行业的人一身而兼行院、乐人、娼妓三种角色的情况非常普遍.     

"灋" 之本相追问

今天我们所熟识的"法"字是古文"灋"演变来的.由于时间的隔阂,从"灋"到"法",含义已经发生了很大变化.在一段时间以后重新疏证,是文字学研究的必要工作.所以,古时的"灋"究竟何义,需要不断的研习.通过解读大量的古代文献,"灋"在不同语境下呈现出来的含义仍然不能让我们对"灋"进行简单的定义.     

我国国有企业民营化路径非市场化特征分析

自二十世纪七十年代以来,"民营化"浪潮席卷全球.无论是发达的市场经济国家.还是转型国家,都把"民营化"作为国有企业改革的基本目标.与此相适应,中国的国企改革也是以"民营化"为主要特征.从早期的"放权让利"、"承包租赁"到后来的"公司制改造"、"产权改革","民营化"引领着中国国有企业一步步回归市场主体本性.但是,认真反思中国国有企业走过的和正在走的"民营化"路径,诸多方案设计的非市场化特征和由此引发的内在缺陷清晰可辨.本文尝试分析中国国有企业"民营化"实践所隐含的非市场特征及其缺陷,以求更好地推进中国国有企业的民营化进程.     

齊风鲁韵——青岛古家具收藏选萃

古代山东地域辽阔,山河壮美,悠久的历史文化孕育了灿烂的齐鲁文明.古代先贤,老子"无为"的道家思想,孔子"尊礼"的儒家思想.深深的体现在历代山东传统工艺美术的创造之中. 以"道" "儒"思想为精神内涵的"鲁作家俱"与山东人的性格一样豪爽大气.其用料粗壮,体积硕大,强调结构的表现力,形成了"形制上高古淳朴,工艺上严谨扎实"的美学特色.其特有的厚重皮壳更增加了"鲁作家俱"的独特魅力.     

Understanding, Explanation and Practice

Inmodernphilosophy,alldebateover"understanding"and"explanation,"ormoreexactly,consideringthemascorrelatedconcepts,wasinitiatedbyWilhelmDilthey.Dilthey'serahasnowcometoanend,butthedebatecontinues.Diltheyraisedthequestionoftherelationshipbetweenunderstandingandexplanation,butdidnotprovideasolution.Theirrationalityofhisopinionthatunderstandingandexplanationweretwooppositeextremesbecameclearandwasuniversally rejected.Onthebasisofhisnew"scientificlogic,"CarIHempendeducedthatlanguagesprangfromthes…     

The Theory of Xinglingxue (性灵学)and Regional Cultures

Ⅰ.DifferencesBetweentheAncientLiteraryStyleoftheNorthandSouthLongagoourpredecessorsnotedtheinfluenceofthenaturalenvironmentoncustomsandcultures.Themostpopulartopicinthisregardwasthedifferenceinculturebetweenthenorthandthesouth.Inmoderngeographicterms,thetworegionsareroughlydividedbytheQinlingMountainsandtheHuaiRiver,althoughinancienttimesthisdefinitionwasnotsoclearcut.Generallyspeaking,theYangtzeandHuairivervalleysandareastothesoutharedefinedasthe"south"andareastothenorthasthe"north.',L…     

"文"与"质"的还原——追溯概念产生的土壤

孔子于礼崩乐坏的春秋末世在"文"、"质"原始独立、简单粗糙形态的基础上,首次提出文质并举,这是一个漫长而又必然的历史进程.有了人类就有了"文" ,在某种意义上,"文"比"美"等概念更能准确地说明中国人特有的积淀着丰富民族历史的审美意识.春秋时代人们对"文"十分重视.在"文"过分发展时,强调以"质"弥补,这也是中国传统文化异于西方文化之处.中国传统文化是以"中和"为美的.     

论法律上的"应当"

"应当"是法律科学中最重要的关键词之一.讨论法律上的"应当",首先应该关注法律上的"应当"与道德上的"应当"的关系问题.作为行为评价尺度,法律上的"应当"具有普遍的标准.而道德上的"应当"则不具有;作为社会约束机制,法律上的"应当"具备合法的强制力量,而道德上的"应当"则不具备;作为不同的评价体系,二者可以同时发挥作用.法学上的"应当"也影响着法律上的"应当",二者是"使用"与"提及"的关系.     

政治文化与日本内阁“短命”的特性

"伙伴"意识,即日本式集团主义是日本难以产生强有力领导人的根本原因.这种集团主义同时也是"轮流坐庄"思想的根源.自民党的派阀政治正是日本武集团主义的表现.所谓"派阀的逻辑",即派阀活动的规则就是"轮流坐庄"思想的实践.小泉企图打破派阀政治,进一步从反面证明了"伙伴"意识根深蒂固的特点,日本内阁"短命"的特性今后也不会有大的改变.     

Daoism Versus Buddhism in China

WheneverthetopicoftherelationshipbetweenDaoismandBuddhismisraised,moreoftenthannotthefirstthingstocometomindaretheeventslabelled"theburningofthecanons"byDaoists,andthosereferredtoas"Buddhistcatastrophes"byBuddhists.ItwouldappearthatreIationsbetweenBuddhism,whichenteredChinafromabroad,andDaoism,whichisindigenoustoChina,havebeenabsoluteIyantagonisticwithnoreconciliationbetweenthetwo.Inreality,however,therelationshiphasnotonlybeenoneofhostility,butalsoofintegration.Althoughtherearedoctrinaldi…     

马克思究竟是怎样看待人性的——关于异化问题的辩论

美国《科学与社会》杂志1977年夏季号发表W.M.利奥格兰德的《对"青年马克思"争论的考察》一文,不久,该刊于1978年春季号上又发表了E.K.亨特的《对利奥格兰德在"青年马克思"探讨上的批评》一文,争论的焦点主要是对马克思著作中"人性"、"人的本质"、"族类"这些概念到底如何理解的问题.     

中文词"人学"的由来及演变

中文词"人学"有多种含义.耶稣会士的"人学"是指有别于神的启示的人的知识.郑观应的"人学"是指与科学技术学科不同的一个学科分类.费尔巴哈的"人学"是指他的人本学哲学学说.所有这些用法,与我国学术界目前讨论的"人学"不可混同.     

A Philosophical Consideration of the Theory of Non-Control

Theconceptof"non-control"isusedtomeantheoppositeto"control."Whiletheaimof"control"istoreinforcetheorderedandstablestateoforganizedsystems,"non-control"isaimedateliminatingcontrol,andreducingtheorderandstabilityoforganizedsystemssoastobreakdowntheexistingequilibriumandsoachievesystemictransformation,variationandnewdevelopment.Thenewwouldnotcomeintobeingwereitnotfor"non-control"whichcausesthedispersalanddissociationoftheold.Whiletherehasbeenagreatdealofdiscussionon"control,"andeventhetheoryof"cy…     

Philosophical Considerations ofa Socialist Market Economy

Ⅰ.TheCharacteristicsandPhilosophicalIntermediaryTheoryofaSocialistMarketEconomy1.TherehasbeenalongcontroversyamongChineseeconomistsonwhetherornottochoosethemarketeconomicsystem.Logicallyspeaking,thecoreofthecontroversyisthedefinitionoftheconcept.Someeconomistsholdthatinthevariousmeaningsof"marketeconomy,"thebasisofprivateownership"isprimary.Othersmaintainthatthemeaningdoesnotcontaintheelementoftheownershipofthemeansofproduction.TherepresentativePointofviewis:"Marketscoexistwithdifferent…