民主社会主义思潮对大学生影响新特点及引导策略

通过在大学生中两次大规模社会调查数据的对比发现,近年来虽然大学生对民主社会主义思潮的知晓度不高,但对其代表性观点认同度却比较高,民主社会主义逐步成为对大学生影响最大的社会思潮。其影响演变的原因在于中国社会发展中的现实问题为民主社会主义的渗透提供了土壤,大学生思想政治观念的代际特征使其易受误导。思想政治教育应加强大学生应对民主社会主义挑战的能力,通过加强中国特色社会主义理论体系教育来消解民主社会主义的影响,通过改革创新提高大学生思想政治教育的亲和力和针对性,在积极回应社会现实问题的过程中有效引领民主社会主义思潮。     

中西“文化势差”背景下高校意识形态安全的维护

中西实力对比势差导致了中西"文化势差",这对我国高校的意识形态安全造成了重大挑战:西方理论的"神化"导致大学生思想的西化,西方思潮的多元化导致大学生认知的混乱化、西方文化的强势化导致大学生文化自信的削弱化,西方价值观的泛滥化导致主流意识形态的边缘化、西式评价的圭臬化与马克思主义的弱势化。高校是国家意识形态安全工作的前沿阵地,应筑牢主流意识形态的"社会存在",加强社会主义核心价值观教育、思想理论的创新、传统文化的教育、教师队伍建设、评价考核标准改革,巩固马克思主义在高校意识形态中的主导地位。     

“90后”大学生主流意识形态的认同研究

"90后"大学生是伴随着中国高速发展时期成长起来的跨世纪青年,作为中国特色社会主义各项事业的生力军和接班人,作为中国梦的承担者与实现者,他们是否认同马克思主义意识形态,将关系到中国特色社会主义事业的进程,关系到他们能否或在多大程度上肩负起实现中国梦的历史使命。对"90后"大学生马克思主义意识形态认同度的调查表明,"90后"大学生对马克思主义意识形态的认同总体上积极向上,但部分大学生功利化增强,不同程度地出现了马克思主义意识形态的认同危机。因此,要发挥主渠道作用,践行中国梦,立足主体需求,加强大学生社会实践活动,建构大学生马克思主义意识形态认同的路径。     

大学生革命精神认同力研究

大学生是祖国的未来,他们对革命精神的认同力直接反映着一个国家的精神建构。随着全球化和网络时代的到来,大学生对革命精神的认同发生了很大变化。调查发现,当代大学生在对革命精神的知晓、认同、反感、思考与选择五个维度上各有特点,基本状况是:革命精神知晓度比较高,认同度持中,反感存在,思考与选择则较世俗化。由此,提升当代大学生革命精神认同力应该从丰富大学生了解革命精神的途径、倡导革命精神中符合时代要求的内容、制定切合各群体的价值和道德标准、高度重视"官德"建设对于革命精神认同力的正效应等方面入手。     

家庭环境对大学生社会主义核心价值体系认同的影响

家庭教育环境与大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的社会认同之间存在一定的内在逻辑。调查表明,大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的认知度、认同度和践行度均呈现出“中度偏高”的特征,且相互之间呈正相关。在影响大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的社会认同的一系列家庭教育环境因素中,家庭指导性因子与社会主义核心价值体系的认知度和践行度呈显著的正相关,家庭利他性因子与社会主义核心价值体系的认同度和践行度呈显著的正相关,家庭道德性因子对社会主义价值体系的认同度施加着显著的正向影响．家庭自由性因子则与对社会主义价值体系的践行度呈显著的负相关。     

The Environment of Family Education and the College Students＇ Social Identity with the Socialist Core Value System

家庭教育环境与大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的社会认同之间存在一定的内在逻辑。调查表明，大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的认知度、认同度和践行度均呈现出“中度偏高”的特征，且相互之间呈正相关。在影响大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的社会认同的一系列家庭教育环境因素中，家庭指导性因子与社会主义核心价值体系的认知度和践行度呈显著的正相关，家庭利他性因子与社会主义核心价值体系的认同度和践行度呈显著的正相关，家庭道德性因子对社会主义价值体系的认同度施加着显著的正向影响．家庭自由性因子则与对社会主义价值体系的践行度呈显著的负相关。     

生态社会主义思潮对大学生的影响研究

生态社会主义是当代西方社会中的一股左翼思潮,也是一种新的社会主义思潮。生态社会主义提出把保护生态环境、解决生态危机等生态运动与争取社会主义运动结合起来以实现生态社会主义,这种非马克思主义的、不成熟的社会主义思潮严重影响了大学生思想政治教育的效果。因此,要加强对大学生的马克思主义理论教育,强化社会主义意识形态等方面的教育,全力克服这一西方社会思潮中的负面因素对大学生的不利影响。     

浅析泛娱乐主义思潮及其当代影响

当前,泛娱乐主义在我国消费、传媒、教育、信仰、政治等多个领域均有集中体现。泛娱乐主义的影响范围正在加速扩大,虽在一定程度上带动了经济发展,但也对社会主流意识形态领域造成了挑战与冲击。本文从泛娱乐主义思潮的兴起背景和现实表现出发,试图分析泛娱乐主义思潮对当今社会所造成的影响。     

正确引导当代大学生主流意识形态

当代大学生作为承载国家的未来与希望的重要主体,在市场经济快速发展的背景下,面临着来自西方国家的经济渗透、信息渗透和文化渗透,使得大学生的意识形态发生着深刻地变化。虽然各种社会思潮呈现多元化,我们仍然有必要对大学生的主流意识形态进行正确引导,才能加强社会主义建设的凝聚力。本文旨在通过阐述当代大学生意识形态的现状,来分析正确引导当代大学生主流意识形态的重要性,从而寻求正确引导当代大学生主流意识形态的有效途径。     

新时代高校大学生意识形态教育探析

新时代,面对世情、国情、党情的深刻变化及全球化、信息网络化、西方社会思潮多元化的影响,我国高校大学生意识形态教育面临着前所未有的挑战。目前,高校大学生意识形态教育存在意识形态教育内容陈旧、教育方法单一、理论与实践脱节、教育队伍不足的问题。为此,应从丰富新时代大学生意识形态教育内容、创新意识形态教育方法、增强意识形态教育的实效性、加强新时代思想政治理论课教师队伍建设四方面着手,不断提高新时代大学生意识形态教育的实效性。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.