报表系统在高校二级预算管理中的应用

为了充分调动高校内部各个二级学院的办学积极性,目前国内各高校普遍实行了二级管理,赋予各个二级学院一定的经费支配权,在经费预算范围内,可以自主使用相应的经费。从预算管理的角度看,财务部门既要随时掌握各部门各类经费的预算数、已使用数、结余数等指标,也要随时掌握整个学院(校)各类经费的预算数、已使用数和结余数等指标,还要坚决防止超预算情况的发生;相关部门的负责人也要求财务部门提供各类经费预算执行情况的信息。但是现行财务软件所提供的功能并不能完全满足工作的需要。如用友U861“财务分析”子系统只提供了部门预算、科目…     

我国R&D投入分析与对策研究

R&D经费投入是评价国家科技实力和科技发展水平的首选指标,长期以来已为世界各国和重要国际组织所普遍采用。目前我国正加大R&D经费的投入,R&D投入量占GDP的比重正逐年提高。但与发达国家相比,我国R&D在投入总量,投入强度,投入模式和结构,R&D人员配置等方面存在不足,很难适应经济社会的高速发展,也难以满足应对危机的需求。因此,我国必须要明确战略性发展方向,进一步增加研发投入;鼓励企业增加研发投入,积极开拓新市场;加大研发人员的引进和培养;在基础研究上取得重大突破。     

山西省高校科技经费投入状况分析

科技经费是高校开展科研活动的重要保障,经费投入对高校科技活动开展和科研水平提高具有重要意义。本文通过对山西省高校2005-2009年科技经费投入状况进行分析,提出山西省高校科技经费配置建议。     

基于效率的企业资源配置部门剥离条件研究

研究企业中资源配置部门的剥离条件问题.首先,建立了企业资源配置部门的控制模型,并定义了效率概念;然后,分别对企业中的单一资源配置部门和多资源配置部门的剥离条件进行分析,给出判断这2种资源配置部门的剥离分界点公式.由此得到结论:完全竞争市场中,企业根据剥离分界点,把要配置的资源分为稀缺程度较高和稀缺程度较低2类,前者应由企业资源配置部门来配置,后者应由市场来配置;如果市场配置某种资源的效率低于企业部门的配置效率,则企业部门是市场的替代,反之,市场则替代企业部门.     

基于特化系数的我国区域科技投入结构演变分析

在从跟随模仿向自主创新战略转变的背景下,政府科技投入已经成为战略性公共资源。本文运用特化系数测算了1999年至2006年我国八大经济区科技投入来源结构与执行结构的演变。研究结果表明:1999年至2006年,我国科技投入来源结构呈现出从政府主体向企业主体转变的趋势,南部沿海和东部沿海企业来源资金实现了从非特化向特化的转变;科技投入执行结构呈现出从大中型企业和科研机构双主体向企业单主体转变的趋势,南部沿海企业执行资金实现了从非特化向特化的转变。     

省市速递

正今年,江西省将建立"三公"经费季报制度,各部门必须在每季度结束后10日内向省纪委、省财政厅、省监察厅、省审计厅分别报送"三公"经费执行情况。同时,各部门还必须加强"三公"经费财务核算,全面实行公务卡制度,建立健全"三公"经费预算执行全过程动态监控机制。     

基于DEA-t检验的以企业为主体的科技创新效率评价

以企业为主体的科技创新效率评价是衡量科技投入后的产出水平、资源利用效率并寻找影响科技创新效率的主要因素,为优化资源投入结构打下基础。以企业作为科技投入和产出的主体,通过数据包络分析（DEA）中CCR模型和BCC模型测算中国15个副省级城市科技创新的总体投入产出效率、纯技术效率和规模效率。通过DEA-t检验的方法萃取出显著影响效率的关键指标,找到不同副省级城市各自效率偏低的关键问题。创新与特色一是将保留所有指标的DEA效率测算模型作为基础模型,将逐一剔除单个指标后的DEA效率测算模型作为对比模型。通过t检验,依次检验基础模型与每个对比模型的总体投入效率TE是否存在显著差异。若差异显著,则对比模型中剔除的指标为显著影响效率的关键指标,由此确定了影响科技创新效率的五个关键指标。改变现有研究的数据包络分析（DEA）方法仅仅能测算效率、无法萃取影响效率的关键因素的弊端。二是实证结果表明：显著影响以企业为主体的科技创新效率的关键指标为规模以上工业企业R&D经费内部支出、财政科技经费投入、科技从业人员数、技术市场成交额、规模以上工业企业新产品产值。三是实证结果表明：不同副省级城市导致效率偏低的关键问题大相径庭。如杭州的关键问题是“财政科技经费投入”的冗余率过大,而哈尔滨的关键问题是“规模以上工业企业新产品产值”的产出不足超高。     

我国科技经费使用效率有待提高

科技部部长徐冠华日前在北京如开的全国科技工作会议上提出,我国将对国家科技经费的合钐情况进行跟踪栓查防止对科技经费的挤占、挪用或不当使用.     

我国科技经费使用效率有待提高

科技部部长徐冠华日前在北京如开的全国科技工作会议上提出,我国将对国家科技经费的合钐情况进行跟踪栓查防止对科技经费的挤占、挪用或不当使用。徐冠华说,当前我国科技投入还有很多问题,主要表现在三个方面:一是与国民经济和社会发展相适应的财政科技投入稳定增长机制尚待完善。近年来国家和地方财政科技投入总量虽然都有所增加,但     

基于DEA的图书利用效率评价

针对图书采购决策缺乏定量的数据分析作指导的问题,引入数据包络分析(DEA)方法对高校图书馆的图书利用效率进行有效性分析,给出了定量分析结果,并将分析结果用于各类图书采购经费分配、图书排架等的决策。据此提出的建议,对提高经费利用效率和图书使用效率均都具有实际意义。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.