推进产业分工与合作 提升京津冀区域综合竞争力

近年来．京津冀区域快速崛起,成为我国继长三角、珠三角后的经济增长第三极。2008年,京津冀地区实现GDP2．98万亿元．同比增长11．9％．超过9．0％的全国平均水平：实际利用外资额为166亿美元．吸纳外资占全国的18％。京津冀区域已经成为当前中国经济板块中极具影响力的经济隆起地带。     

社会转型期城市非正规就业政策调整和制度创新研究

本文主要内容有两个：一要说明在目前我国社会转型期,城镇劳动力的就业出路必须扩展到非正规就业空间;二要探讨如何通过政府政策调整和社会制度创新,促使我国城镇劳动力的就业出路扩展到非正规就业空间。本文着眼于操作层面,重点讨论相关举措和对策。     

Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based health innovations in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic literature review

The unsuccessful implementation of health innovations occurs frequently, leading to missed opportunities where improvements could have been made on various aspects of a health system. The purpose of this study is to identify, assess and synthesise the facilitators and barriers to sustainably implementing evidence-based health innovations in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) context. To identify the LMIC specific facilitators and barriers, a systematic literature review was conducted. 79 studies were analysed, and the implementation barriers and facilitators identified in each study were extracted. The extracted barriers and facilitators were categorised and synthesized into one of seven concepts: context, innovation, relations and networks, institutions, knowledge, actors or resources. There were no substantial variations between the frequency that each concept was identified as a facilitator or barrier to implementation. However, resources, which includes time, human, financial and physical resources, was the most frequently mentioned concept; emphasising the need to focus on the resource situation in LMICs. This study contributes to the growing literature that aims to inform health system planners and evaluators in LMICs on effectively and sustainably implementing evidence-based health innovations.     

Political origin and persistence of industrial policy in Africa

ABSTRACT

The literature on industrial policy in Africa has generally explained its political origins in terms of ruling elites’ distribution of benefits to their supporters. However, in competitive political contexts in which policies are deeply political and designed to satisfy clients, such as policies that support party donors, the problem of policy discontinuity is bound to arise because a change in ruling party is bound to alter the direction of distributional policies. The current paper uses Nigeria’s backward integration policy (BIP), an industrial policy on cement production, to sharpen the analytical distinction between the origins and persistence. Although the ruling elites’ political quest for survival explains the origin of Nigeria’s industrial policy on cement (ruling elites were in search of re-election funds and teamed up with domestic capitalists for donations, who in turn influenced the political elites to create policies in their area of business), it does not explain the continuation.     

Developing a diagnostic tool and policy instrument for the realization of decent work

Based on nine of the indicators identified by the ILO's 2008 Tripartite Meeting of Experts on the Measurement of Decent Work, the authors develop a questionnaire, supplemented by in‐depth interviews, to assess job quality in the security, farming and hospitality industries in South Africa's Gauteng province. Their diagnostic tool differs from the standard ILO index in that it focuses on individual workers at industry level rather than conditions at country level. This approach, the authors argue, can be used to monitor progress towards decent work while enabling key actors at industry level to develop evidence‐led strategies to overcome decent work deficits.     

Comments on demography and population policy in the developing countries

Commenting on an article by A. Ia. Kvasha, the author wonders whethe r the Soviet state, as a matter of policy, encourages measures to limit the growth of population. He further regards the Soviet attitude, as he understands it, of making light of the expanding population in developing countries as dangerous and suggests that in the developing world some measures of population control would be necessary in making the transition from a traditional agricultural society into a modern ind ustrial one. In a reply, Kvasha admits that social and economic development can only be obtained by radical changes in the economic structure and the creation of an independent economic base and a relatively well-developed home-owned industry. But he feels that demographic problems, no matter how acute, are always resolved in intimate association with the entire course of social progress. Each socialist country may take a unique approach to population problems as socialist governments do have the opportunity to regulate many processes of life. Thus, the current population policy in the Soviet Union consists of measures to stimulate the birthrate while preserving the right for individuals to plan their own families. Poland is taking measure to limit births while Czechoslovakia and Hungary are trying to increase them.     

Privatization as a restructuring device: Can it substitute for industrial policy in the transforming economics? Some lessons from Poland

There is a broad consensus that in the long run, privatization offers the best solution to the efficiency problems of state-owned enterprises. However, many observers believe that some form of industrial policy is unavoidable during the transition period in order to stimulate restructuring before privatization has been completed. The main objective of this article is to analyze the compatibility and complementarity between privatization and industrial policy in the context of the systemic transformation in Poland.     

美国促进中小企业发展的产业政策及启示

中小企业是市场繁荣的根基,已成为促进各国经济增长的重要推动力量和增加就业的主渠道。美国人把中小企业称为“美国经济的脊梁”。但在中国,目前对中小企业发展的认识还没提升到战略的高度。在实践中,甚至还存在着轻视或歧视中小企业发展的问题。本文就美国对中小企业所采取的政策进行剖析,借鉴其成功经验,以利于我国制定促进中小企业发展的相关政策。美国对中小企业的产业扶持政策中小企业的弱点主要表现在四个方面:一是筹资难;二是名气小,很难招聘到高素质的人才;三是规模小,经营管理成本高,规模经济效益相对较低,开发市场的能力不如大型…     

Ergonomics and Kaizen as strategies for competitiveness: a theoretical and practical in an automotive industry

With increased international competitiveness in the automotive industry, came the concern of the companies save costs and lower production costs. For this purpose many ways are designed to reduce costs and waste of raw materials and reduce activities that do not aggregate value to manufacturing processes. In the early XVII appears the manufacturing system, which processes were hard with little concern for the health and safety of employees and conditions of the workplace. After the advent of the production system called lean manufacturing, a new paradigm in terms of production system capable of providing high levels of productivity and quality. It is based on waste elimination that occur during the production process. After began a new way of thinking, creating a culture of continuous improvement and lean process with no waste and reducing costs, without neglecting the welfare worker and improving the conditions of their work environment. This paper presents a reflection on the application of ergonomics in a lean production system of an automotive industry, using methodology based on the Kaizen (Continuous Improvement) to gain performance and improving the conditions of the workplace, also will be presented with positive and negative points in using this methodology in relation to ergonomics. The research will be conducted by collecting data 'in loco' and interviews with workers. Some studies show that in companies that are lean system and using the methodology of Kaizen, the results of product quality, levels of absenteeism and accidents are better than those obtained in companies that do not apply the same concept.     

Data-based organizational change: the use of administrative data to improve child welfare programs and policy

Administrative databases hold the potential to have a significant impact on the development of effective child welfare programs and policies. This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of administrative databases, issues with their implementation and data analysis, and effective presentation of their data at different levels in child welfare organizations.     

Combination training and resistance training as effective interventions to improve functioning in elders

The purpose of the study was to determine whether resistance training (RT) or a combination of resistance and aerobic training (CT) resulted in the most improvement in measures of functional ability in functionally limited elders. Elderly adults who exhibited some limits in functional ability were randomly assigned to either a CT, RT, or control (C) group. Both RT and CT exercised three times per week for 16 weeks. At Weeks 0 and 17, participants completed six measures of strength and six functional tests. A 3 (group) x 3 (time) ANOVA with repeated measures on the time factor was used to analyze the results. CT and RT scored significantly better than C at Week 17 for biceps curl, elbow extension, chair stand, and time up the stairs. These findings demonstrate that RT and CT are both effective at increasing measures of strength and functional ability in elderly adults who begin exercise with functional limitations.     

Comparing family,friends and satisfaction with school experience as predictors of SWB in children who have and have not made the transition to middle school in different countries

Transition to middle school periods is especially vulnerable stages in which children need external support to facilitate their adaptation to middle education. In this regard, this study aims at observing how the social supports “family” and “friends” influence SWB before and after the transition to middle school. This is conducted taking into account the mediating effect of satisfaction with school experience in a stage where significant changes occur in the school setting. To this end, different countries that have in common a transition to middle school period taking place between 10 and 12 years old are selected. Two structural models were conducted, one for 10-year-old children and other for 12-year-old children. Both samples included 8923 participants from 4 countries (Chile, South Korea, USA and Algeria). The mean age of participants was 11.20 years (SD = 1.12).The overall analysis of the results from the two models indicates that support agents (family and friends) are significant to SBW before and after the transition to middle school period. In concrete, friend support is more important than family support to 10 and 12-year-old children. Nevertheless, satisfaction with school experience behaves as a mediator between friend support, family support and SWB, and has the greatest effect on SWB at both ages. Finally, differences observed in the invariance analysis across different countries are discussed.     

Schools as racialized organizations in policy and practice

In this paper we examine schooling inequalities through drawing from the contributions of racialized organizations. We apply the components of this racial theory to offer a new framework for examining racial inequalities in US K-12 schools. We analyze case studies to demonstrate how the four tenants of racialized organizations operate in three schools. In particular, we highlight how these tenants surface through schools' policies (school rules around discipline, language, and tracking) and practices (interactions between students, teachers and staff). We offer a framework for understanding how schools are shaped by the racial hierarchy at the organizational level. We close by considering implications and suggestions for future research.     

Evaluation and communication: using a communication audit to evaluate organizational communication

This article identifies a surprising dearth of studies that explicitly link communication and evaluation at substantive, theoretical, and methodological levels. A three-fold typology of evaluation studies referring to communication is proposed and examples given. The importance of organizational communication in program delivery is stressed and illustrative studies reviewed. It is proposed that organizational communication should be considered in all program evaluations and that this should be approached through communication audit. Communication audits are described with particular reference to established survey questionnaire instruments. Two case studies exemplify the use of such instruments in the evaluation of educational and social programs.     

Technology as a Weapon in Domestic Violence: Responding to Digital Coercive Control

ABSTRACT

Technology-facilitated domestic violence is an emerging issue for social workers and other service providers. The concept of Digital Coercive Control (DCC) is introduced to highlight the particular nature and impacts of technology-facilitated abuse in the context of domestic violence. While practitioners have become more adept at working with women experiencing DCC, there is still little known about its dynamics and whether this violence requires a change in current service responses. This article explores findings from survey research conducted with 546 Australian domestic violence practitioners about the ways perpetrators use technology as part of their abuse tactics. The findings demonstrate that DV practitioners believe perpetrator use of technology is extensive and has significant impacts on the safety of clients. A major dilemma faced by practitioners is how to promote and facilitate client safety from DCC while still enabling safe use of technology so clients can remain connected to family, friends, and community.

IMPLICATIONS

• The use of digital technology in domestic violence creates a significant practice issue for Australian domestic violence practitioners.

• The development of a practice framework for responding to digital coercive control may assist practitioners to highlight the risks posed by this abuse, while still enabling women and children the freedom to participate in the digital realm.