据1992年11月16日美国世界日报报导

1、台湾吸毒少年犯去年增加9倍。根据台湾高等法院统计，台湾地区少年犯违反麻醉药品实，前年仅742人，去年这增为7481人，整整增加九倍。因违反麻醉药品管理条例而犯罪者之比例，已超越窃盗犯所占之比例，成为犯罪人数仅次于赌博之犯罪种类，而滥用药物，以在校学生滥用安非他命的问题最严重。法务部指出，近11年来，台湾地区少年触犯刑罚法令的人数，以去年最多，共有24778人，较前年增加6180人。而综合少年刑事案件及管训事件的犯罪种类，去年少，犯中，以窃盗犯人数最多（11474人，占46．91畅），犯违反麻醉药品管理条例者z次之（7481人…     

90年代天津市青少年犯罪人口的构成及其变动

青少年犯罪问题是当今世界各国普遍关注的社会问题。 2 0世纪的最后 1 0年中 ,随着中国经济的迅猛发展以及社会关系的结构性嬗变 ,青少年犯罪状况也处于历史性的变动过程之中。为了对该期间青少年犯罪状况的基本过程有一个整体的趋势把握 ,本文依据天津市 90年代有关青少年犯罪的调查资料 ,对 1 0年中青少年犯罪人口的结构特征及其变动趋势进行如下的描述性分析。1　青少年犯罪人口的界定及有关调查的说明犯罪人口是一个国家或社会中特定的异质型的人口群体 ,它是依据国家刑事法律规范并通过刑事审判程序的确认而产生的特殊人口群体 ,依于刑…     

青春期性健康教育的有效途径——一份来自石家庄市基地教育的调查

2004年9月,河北省石家庄市青春期性健康教育基地正式亮相,从此,青春期性健康教育全面进入市中小学课堂,使青少年接受科学、系统、正规的性健康教育,而且还形成了以性健康教育为载体,集社会道德和思想品德教育、国情国策教育、预防性病艾滋病知识教育,以及青春期性健康服务为一体的社会综合性的教育活动,即青春期性健康基地教育工作模式。一、找准工作切入点,为健康青春引航河北省石家庄市10～20岁的青少年约有101万人,据调查,一些因缺乏青春期性健康知识而走入迷途的孩子日渐增多,性犯罪几乎占青少年犯罪总量的30%,这种情况,使整个社会感到…     

犯罪学视野中的流动人口研究

人口流动现象是社会转型过程中的必然产物,目前对于因人口流动而引发的犯罪问题还存在许多认识的盲区。这里采用了比较研究的方法,在阐明人口学的“流动人口”同犯罪学“流动人口”异同关系的基础上,侧重讨论了犯罪学“人口流动犯罪”中的“外来人口中的犯罪问题”、“境外人口中的犯罪问题”等相关内容。同时归纳总结了“人口流动犯罪”的技术防范措施。以期对正确认识并预防此类犯罪能够有所助益。     

居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险的影响

本文利用2002~2008年中国老龄健康长寿影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,在倾向值加权的基础上,采用含有frailty因子的Cox回归分析法,考察居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险的影响。研究结果表明,居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险存在影响,其中"与子女同住变为不同住"老人的死亡风险最高。研究结果还表明,考虑了脆弱性因子的回归系数绝对值大于没有考虑脆弱性因子的回归系数绝对值。在本研究中,没有考虑脆弱性因子的"同住变为不同住"低估了其对死亡风险的作用,而"不同住变为同住"以及"一直同住"则高估了其对死亡风险的作用。     

流动人口的离婚风险:代际差异与影响因素

大规模的人口流动已成为现阶段中国社会的基本特征。人口流动造成的亲子分离、夫妻分居不利于婚姻稳定和家庭发展。文章基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查江苏省数据,运用Cox比例风险模型分析流动人口离婚风险的代际差异及其影响因素。实证分析表明流动人口的离婚风险呈现双峰结构特征,离婚风险有代际递增趋势。其中1960年前出生队列的流动人口离婚风险相对较低,未出现明显的"倒U型"特征。1961年至1980年出生队列的流动人口离婚风险存在时间滞后性是造成流动人口离婚风险双峰特征的主要原因。1980年以后出生的流动人口离婚模式表现出"闪婚闪离"的特征。在影响流动人口离婚风险的因素方面,婚后夫妻双方共同流动显著地降低了离婚风险。流动距离对流动人口离婚风险有强化作用,证实了家庭对婚姻的约束作用随流动距离增加而降低。子女因素和核心型流动家庭结构对流动人口离婚风险有显著的抑制作用且抑制作用随着代际兴替而增强。为了维持婚姻稳定,年轻一代流动人口更加重视以婚姻为基础的家庭实践和婚姻在维持家庭功能完整性方面的作用。     

上海流动人口犯罪特征及原因分析——透过新闻资料的梳理、分析

流动人口犯罪是目前城市犯罪的主要构成因素之一,上海流动人口犯罪比重已占到城市犯罪总数的60%左右,并呈继续上升趋势。透过新闻资料对上海流动人口犯罪特征及原因进行具体分析,可以看出上海流动人口犯罪表现出了犯罪的一些共性,也反映了上海城市犯罪的一些个性特征:侵财型犯罪比重大;流动人口共同结伙犯罪、团伙犯罪比重较大;犯罪成员年龄结构轻;犯罪发案时间季节性明显;罪案主要集中于城郊结合部。导致流动人口犯罪的首要因素是社会环境。因此,应加强社会公平性建设,加强城市流动人口社会保障制度建设,建立有效的流动人口管理机制和统一的流动人口管理机构,加强对流动人口的法制教育和技能培训。     

天津市居民与外来人口中犯罪者的特征比较研究

天津市居民与外来人口中的犯罪者具有较为明显的特征差异.犯罪主体的比较表明,外来犯罪人员中的女性比例相对较低,犯罪者以青年为主,文化程度不高且多为初次犯罪;在犯罪行为方面,当地居民犯罪的趋财性以及共同和团伙犯罪水平不及外来人口,但作案过程相对"顺利",针对熟人的犯罪比例较高,侵害过程的"随机性"远不及外来人口.     

倾力构筑青少年健康教育新格局

近年来,北京市怀柔区强力推进青少年健康教育工作,在落实"青少年健康人格工程"中,实施"三四五"青春健康促进计划(即构建三大服务网络、打造四维服务空间、突出五个服务抓手),稳步推进青少年健康教育工作,初步构建了具有怀柔特色的青少年健康教育新格局。     

儿童青少年人口意外死亡分析——以江苏大丰县为例

现代社会,意外伤亡越来越成为重要的致残和死亡因素。据世界卫生组织统计,1980年全世界意外死亡270万人,占总人口的5.2％,居死因顺位的第5位。儿童和青少年因其生理和行为特点,特别易受意外事故的伤害。在不少国家0～19岁儿童青少年的意外死亡占到人群总意外死亡数的一半。在一些国家,意外死亡是儿童青少年的首位死因。研究儿童青少年意外死亡,对预防儿童青少年事故发生,降低其死亡率,使儿童青少年健康成长,具有重要意义。     

Crime and perceptions after a decade of democracy

Crime has become central to any discussion about the consolidation of democracy in South Africa. Concerns about crime intensified in the years after 1994, as the country attempted to grapple with the apparent ‘crime wave’ that accompanied the transition. A decade later crime is still a priority for government and a concern among citizens, but the clamour that characterised both state and civil society responses in the early years of democracy has receded (See the article by the author in Social Indicators Research 41: 137–168, 1997). This may relate to the decrease in crime levels as reflected by various statistical sources. It is also possible that those whose voices were heard most loudly on the issue – the middle classes – have taken all available measures to protect their property and lives from crime. In all likelihood, South Africans have become accustomed to living in a violent society, and one in which other equally serious problems now require attention. Although the national obsession with crime has waned, the available data nevertheless indicate that the problem still affects many thousands of lives. The impact of crime – in terms of the costs of victimisation, negative perceptions and fear, and the cost of responding to crime – remains high for South African society. This paper considers how crime levels and perceptions about crime and safety have changed over the past decade, and what these trends tell us about the country 10 years into our democracy.     

Bridge Over the River Crime: Mobility and the Policing of Organised Crime

Abstract

This paper examines the significant disparity between the mobility of organised crime and the mobility of law enforcement through the use of Kaufmann’s (2002 Kaufmann, V. 2002. Re-thinking mobility. Contemporary sociology. Aldershot: Ashgate. [Google Scholar]) three categories of motility: access, skills and appropriation. It argues that the differential mobility of organised crime and law enforcement can be accounted for by the differential insertion of these groups of actors into ‘the practice and politics of market liberalisation and the practice and politics of market criminalisation’, and suggests that it is possible to view each of these as inhabiting ‘different modernities’. It concludes that whilst mobility systems are critical to understanding the movement of these groups of actors, these systems are themselves embedded within different institutional structures that shape the opportunities to be mobile, in particular economic and political structures.     

Resilient or Resigned? Criminal Victimisation and Quality of Life in South Africa

A victimisation study conducted among 3300 householders in South Africa’s Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality (NMMM) in the Eastern Cape Province aimed to inform a crime prevention strategy for the metropolitan area. The study found that the variables ‘fear of crime’ – measured in terms of perceived likelihood of victimisation – and concern about ‘personal safety’ had greater negative influence on life satisfaction than actual victimisation. Individual crimes against the person had greater negative influence on subjective wellbeing and feelings of personal safety than property and other household crimes. Individuals who perceived themselves to be at risk of becoming a victim of crime also perceived greater risk of other misfortunes. However, materially better-off victims reported higher levels of life satisfaction than non-victims in spite of their crime experience. South Africa has high crime rates by international standards and fighting crime presents the country with one of its major challenges in the second decade of democracy. Nevertheless, findings suggest that the negative impact of crime issues on achieving the good life are overshadowed by issues of racial inequalities and poverty. The conclusion is drawn that residents of Nelson Mandela Metropole are hardy when it comes to living with crime but nonetheless suffer stress in doing so. From a methodological perspective, the discussion considers whether subjective crime issues such as fear of crime and personal safety should be regarded as personal or neighbourhood quality-of-life issues. Based on survey findings, the conclusion is drawn that concern for personal safety is both. However, a crime-as-neighbourhood-issue is more likely to attract remedial action on the part␣of␣local authorities to better protect citizens and allay their fears of crime.     

Socio-spatial attributes of social problems: The case of crime and delinquency

This article examines three hypotheses: (1) Socio-spatial structures and processes, like segregation, succession, and specialization, help explain the emergence of social problems. (2) "Space" is embedded — implicitly or explicitly — in every sociological approach to crime or delinquency. (3) Its explicit consideration increases the explanatory power of these approaches. Different dimensions, aspects or qualities of space are distinguished in order to dispel the terminological confusion that often surrounds "space". Spatial distances or units may include costs, symbols, of power. The relevance of these aspects for different approaches or criminal sociology like anomie, disorganization, opportunity structure, and labelling are demonstrated, and the implications of these arguments for the development of sociological theories, as well as societal, political and planning practices are also considered. Most empirical examples are drawn from recent sociological research in West Germany. Such an approach to integrate urban and criminal sociology can be used to draw conclusions for urban planning as is shown in a final passage: Desegregation and functional diversification of spatial units are recommended as strategies which may diminish crime and delinquency.I would like to thank the American and German publishers and editors for the permission to publish this extended English translation. My special thanks goes to Dr. Ralph B. Taylor from The Johns Hopkins University, Center for Metropolitan Planning and Research for helpful discussions and assistance with the English version[1].     

Sexual Orientation in State Hate Crime Laws: Exploring Social Construction and Criminal Law

Several studies have described and analyzed the development and diffusion of hate crime laws in the United States, but none specifically examined state-level differences in protected categories. Forty-five of the 50 states have a hate crime statute, but only 30 of those include sexual orientation. In this study the social construction framework is applied to the hate crime policy domain in order to determine whether or not variations in the social and political status of gays and lesbians are associated with the inclusion of sexual orientation in state hate crime laws. Content analysis of daily newspapers in six states revealed that a positive social construction is associated with groups seeking hate crime law protections, and that political influence may also be a key factor.     

非法进行节育手术罪在实践中的几个问题

近年来,一些不具有医生执业资格的人擅自为他人进行节育手术,严重破坏了国家的计划生育政策,也威胁了广大人民群众的身体健康。本文通过对非法进行节育手术罪中犯罪主体的范围、犯罪客观方面的概括和表述、该罪各档次法定刑的适用情节、非法行医过程中进行的破坏节育手术的行为应如何定性等一些问题的具体分析,提出了相应的解决办法,以期对司法实践有所裨益。