性自由权与婚姻自由的冲突与调和

婚姻是一种对性的管理制度.性权利是婚姻权利的上位概念,婚姻自由是性自由在婚姻制度下的要求与状态.长期以来,性自由的"污名效应"使权利的诉求不得伸展,同时也导致了对婚姻自由的片面理解.性自由权理论包含了积极自由与消极自由的统一,而婚姻自由中二者的对立成为性自由权与婚姻自由的主要冲突."婚姻自由"通常仅在消极自由的意义上被使用,与之相应的"婚姻不自由"揭示出积极自由缺位时消极自由所处的尴尬境地.积极自由与消极自由的融合是后现代法学发展的趋势,性自由权与婚姻自由的调和主要通过降低婚姻的进退成本和增加婚姻的输送机制与替代机制两条途径来完成.出于对中国国情的考虑,放宽离婚的条件与立法规制非婚同居具有尤为重要的现实意义.     

民国时期东北地区婚姻习俗的变迁

民国时期是东北地区由传统向近现代社会转型的重要时期,东北的婚姻习俗也在中西融合交汇中逐渐发生变迁.主要表现为婚姻礼仪形式铲除了诸多陋习,趋于简约文明化;婚姻观念发生重大变化,新潮人士不仅提出了"婚姻自由"的口号,并勇敢将这一观念付诸行动.可以说,婚姻习俗的变迁增强了婚礼的社会化,有利于社会风气的转变,无疑对推动社会的进步与发展起到了重要作用.但伴随自由恋爱结婚观念的倡导以及妇女地位的提升,离婚问题亦不可避免地出现在东北地区.     

婚姻登记管理条例

第一章总则第一条为了保障婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女平等的婚姻制度的实施,加强婚姻登记管理工作,保护婚姻当事人的合法权益,依法处理违法的婚姻行为,根据婚姻法和有关法律,制定本条例。第二条中国公民在中国境内结婚、离婚、复     

分离·冲击·制导──现阶段我国城市婚姻变革的社会学思考

分离·冲击·制导──现阶段我国城市婚姻变革的社会学思考王爱丽随着改革开放和市场经济的发展，我国婚姻正在发生着深刻的变革。而在这场变革中，城市婚姻尤为典型。因此，我们拟从分析城市婚姻人手，对现阶段我国婚姻变革的基本特征及面对各种冲击应对我国婚姻如何作出...     

婚姻自由的伦理合理性及其限度——基于黑格尔思想资源的研究

婚姻自由凸显了个体的自主性与自决性,其逻辑前提是意志自由,具有意志自由的“我”之所以能够成为婚姻家庭中的“我们”,其内在规定性是“爱”。“意志自由”与“爱”构成了婚姻自由不可或缺的两个逻辑前提。然而婚姻自由中的个体主观性正在消解自由本身的伦理合理性,并错误地将婚姻自由本质归结为性自由、契约自由或者单一性的偶然的爱,从而使婚姻家庭生活陷入危机。婚姻自由的合理性限度在于：个体对家庭的伦理认同。黑格尔的家庭伦理思想为此提供了可供借鉴的资源。     

落后农村的包办婚姻析

所谓包办婚姻,就是指婚姻的缔结遵从“父母之命,媒妁之言”,而不是由男女双方自行缔结婚姻。包办婚姻是我国奴隶社会和封建社会的婚姻制度。我们社会主义国家提倡婚姻自由,反对包办婚姻。但是,目前在我国落后的农村,仍然实行包办婚姻。怎样正确认识这一婚姻制度呢?有些同志一见包办婚姻就说它“违背男女意志”,“摧残男女幸福”,我则认为,要评价一种婚姻制度,只能看它是否适     

新《婚姻登记条例》解读

倍受社会和群众关注的《婚姻登记条例》(以下简称新条例)2003年8月18日正式颁布,新条例分总则、结婚登记、离婚登记、婚姻登记档案和婚姻登记证、罚则、附则等共六章二十二条。将于2003年10月1日起正式实施。条例的颁布实施,是全国人民婚姻家庭生活中的一件大事,对于贯彻实施《中华人民共和国婚姻法》,进一步完善和规范我国的婚姻登记制度;对于保护婚姻自由、     

我国近代亲属法比较研究

1930年<民法·亲属>和1950年<婚姻法>均以废除封建婚姻家庭制度为目的,但在立法技术和立法原则等方面存在一定的差别.在立法技术上,<民法·亲属>明显优于<婚姻法>;在坚持一夫一妻及男女平等原则方面,<婚姻法>较之<民法·亲属>更为彻底.<民法·亲属>主要成为城市青年争取婚姻权利的工具,而1950年<婚姻法>确立了以婚姻自由、男女平等、保护妇女及儿童合法权益为原则的新型的婚姻制度,使男女平等、婚姻自由理念得以深入人心.可称为"妇女解放的宪章".     

苦聪人婚姻习俗的变迁及其适应——以镇沅县恩乐镇易地搬迁的苦聪人为例

婚姻是文化的,它以社会、经济、法律为后盾。经济发展、婚姻政策、人口迁移、政治变革、观念变化都会引起婚俗的变迁。婚俗作为文化的组成部分,必须应社会过程要求而进行调整,以适应社会的发展和变革。     

“事实婚姻”一词不应乱用

对于无配偶男女未履行结婚的法定程序而同居生活的,社会上流行着一个名词,称之“事实婚姻”。近年来,这个词也越来越被学术界和实际工作部门所采用,并往往以“双方承认,家长承认,单位承认,亲友承认”作为依据,赋予它一种“准合法婚姻”的含义。对此,我们认为有必要提出下列一些不同看法。首先,“事实婚姻”只是一个特定时期的历史概念,它并不是与合法婚姻相对立的。中华人民共和国第一个婚姻法公布于1950年4月30日,规定了“结婚应男女双方来到所在地人民政府登记”,并规定了结婚条件,目的是为了保障婚姻自由和一夫一妻     

The Alzheimer's Solution: How Today's Care Is Failing Millions and How We Can Do Better,by Kenneth S. Kosick and Ellen Clegg

Abstract

Marital literature has identified partner intimacy and autonomy as important determinants of marital satisfaction. However, little is known about how the balance of intimacy and autonomy affects the success of long term marriages among older couples. The author surveyed 88 men and 92 women in long term stable marriages to examine the effects of partner intimacy and autonomy on marital satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses revealed that intimacy was positively related, and hostile control was negatively related to marital satisfaction. Older respondents rated their partners higher in intimacy than middle aged respondents, and husbands were rated higher in providing autonomy than were wives. Intimacy and avoidance of hostile control were more important than autonomy to long term married couples. Social workers can draw upon a number of approaches to marital therapy that enhance couple intimacy.     

The changing social profile of mothers whose children are admitted into institutional care in Greece

The study sample consisted of 69 mothers in Greece whose children had been admitted into institutional care at an age of less than 7 years. These mothers were divided into two groups, 32 whose children were aged 2.5–5.5 years and 37 whose children were aged 15.5–17.5 years at the time of study. The mean age of the first group of mothers was 27 years and the second 42 years. Corresponding control groups consisted of 65 mothers, 24 younger and 37 older, in intact families. All the mothers were interviewed using a semistructured interview schedule. Study mothers of both groups were from a lower social class (occupation, education) than controls, had experienced more adversity in childhood and had more health problems. They had left their parental homes and given birth at a younger age and faced more difficulties (financial, housing problems, marital discord and/or divorce). The older group of study mothers more often had their children admitted into care because of financial difficulties or illegitimacy, in contrast with the younger mothers who more often gave the reason of marital breakdown. There were indications that the same kind of adversity that they had experienced themselves as children was the main reason for admission of their children into institutional care.     

Parent Characteristics and Early Coparenting Behavior at the Transition to Parenthood

This study examined parent characteristics as correlates of coparenting behavior in 57 primiparous couples. Parents' negative emotionality and perceptions of maternal acceptance in childhood, mothers' beliefs about fathers' roles, and observed marital behavior and family socioeconomic status were assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy, and coparenting behavior was observed at 3.5 months postpartum. Couples who exhibited high‐quality marital interaction showed higher supportive coparenting behavior, but couples who showed lower quality marital interaction demonstrated higher supportive coparenting behavior when mothers held more progressive beliefs about fathers' roles. Couples showed more undermining coparenting behavior when family socioeconomic status was lower and when fathers were higher on negative emotionality. Greater perceived maternal acceptance in childhood was only associated with lower levels of undermining behavior when prenatal marital interaction was high in quality. Thus, the characteristics of both parents, especially in combination with preexisting marital behavior, are important determinants of coparenting behavior.     

法文化视域下“婚内强奸”行为的罪与罚

我国的刑法理论和司法实践对"婚内强奸"行为持一定程度的默许态度,文章探究这一现象背后蕴藏的法文化肇因,评析婚内强奸行为反对论者的观点,鉴于我国该制度法文化肇因,认为我国刑事立法应该将婚内强奸行为应列为亲告罪并按强奸罪定罪量刑。     

夫妻相对资源和情感关系对农民工婚姻暴力的影响——基于性别视角的分析

随着中国城市化进程的加快，农民工夫妻间经济权力结构和情感关系的变化将对婚姻暴力产生深远影响。本文引入性别视角，提出了解释农民工夫妻间婚姻暴力的综合分析框架，通过量化方法，分析夫妻相对资源和情感关系对农民工实施冷暴力和肢体暴力的影响及其性别差异。研究发现,农民工家庭中婚姻暴力现象较普遍，以冷暴力为主，女性施暴率显著高于男性；夫妻相对资源因素和情感关系因素对男性和女性实施婚姻暴力都有显著影响，相对资源因素对男性实施婚姻暴力的影响大于女性，夫妻情感关系对女性实施婚姻暴力的影响大于男性。     

网络舆论监督的有效性探讨

网络舆论监督自下而上,在“人”、“术”、“势”三大要素的共同作用下,成为当今反腐败的利器,越来越受到民众的青睐。然而,网络舆论监督固有的自在自发的特性使得监督常常处于主体性价值缺位和监督乏力的困境之中。要保证网络舆论监督的有效性,就要通过教化、调控等手段处理好自由与规范的关系,让网络民意从民间走进政府视野、让民间与官方共建反腐败网络阵地、让网络舆论监督与其他监督在现实中形成合力,引导网络舆论监督走上自由自觉的发展之路。     

Assets and a wife's marital satisfaction in Korea

Assets have the potential to influence marital happiness and satisfaction. Using the two waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families (KLoWF), this study examines the extent to which assets, debts (negative assets) and their changes are related to a wife's marital happiness and relation satisfaction with her husband, controlling for the socio-economic characteristics of the wife. This study found that financial assets, real assets and their changes have significant associations with a wife's marital happiness and relation satisfaction with her husband. Relatively, income was not strongly related to marital satisfaction. The findings of this study underscore the importance of assets for marital satisfaction.     

Marital Conflict, Children's Representations of Family Relationships, and Children's Dispositions Towards Peer Conflict Strategies

The links among marital relations and children's representations were examined. Forty‐seven children between the ages of 5 and 8 completed the Family Stories Task (FAST) to obtain their narrative representations of family relations and performed a variation of a puppet procedure ( Mize & Ladd, 1988 ) to assess children's dispositions towards peer conflict strategies. Their parents completed a set of questionnaires regarding marital quality. Results demonstrated relations between marital conflict and children's dispositions towards peer conflict strategies in conflict situations. Children's more negative dispositions towards peer conflict and aggressive behavior in the peer conflict scenarios were each associated with more overt conflict behaviors by mothers and fathers, respectively, and more covert conflict behavior by mothers. In addition, children's internal representations of parent–child relations served as a mediator between marital conflict and children's notions about conflict behavior towards peers.     

Single mothers or women in single parenthood (WISP)? A report and reflection on the development of a brief marital metaphor questionnaire (MMQ-10)

Metaphor is embedded with representations of both experience and longing and can go far beyond problem representations in exploring marital experience. This paper reports the development of a marital metaphor questionnaire and its use with 123 Chinese single mothers. Lower marital satisfaction does correlate with their ratings of marital experience, but not with their general attitude toward marriage. The implications are discussed as to how marital metaphors could be used as an effective tool to engage clients on sensitive topics, reveal hopes and strengths, and how empirical studies can be conducted in a stigma-free and strength-based orientation.     

论媒介批评效果的发生及其条件——以《人民日报》等媒体对“非诚勿扰”节目的批评为例

＂非诚勿扰＂栏目是江苏卫视打造的一档新派婚恋交友节目。该节目开播之始,围绕节目内容、道德取向、文化内涵等在各种媒体产生了截然相反的两极性评论。在节目的发展过程中,社会舆论监督范畴的媒介批评始终顽强地存在着,并以价值评判和理论鉴别的方式对该栏目的每个元素进行评说,在一定条件下实现了对大众传媒有效规制的作用,显示了媒介批评在文化建设中的独特价值。