入世后应鼓励中小企业实施对外投资战略

入世后,我国中小企业获得了更多的发展机遇,如何把握这一契机,实行国际化经营,抢占国际市场,已成为中小企业求生存谋发展的必然选择。然而在对外投资中,中小企业会遇到审批手续繁杂、融资困难、信息不足和人才缺乏等障碍,直接影响了投资的积极性和效果。因此,着力改善外部环境,鼓励和支持中小企业进行对外投资,具有重大现实意义。中小企业进行对外投资的优势中小企业跨出国门进行对外投资具有独特的竞争力,主要表现在以下几个方面:1.成本优势。劳动力成本低廉是我国参与国际竞争的优势,特别是中小企业由于企业规模小、雇员人数少、包袱轻等,…     

新时期我国引资政策探析

伴随世界经济自由化和全球化的不断发展以及全球经济一体化步伐的加快，国际投资，特别是跨国公司的国际直接投资在世界经济中正在发挥着日趋重要的作用，成为世界经济中极其活跃的组成部分。与此同时，近年来，跨国公司的投资战略发生了一系列引人注目的变化，而首要的变化就是对跨国投资目标的调整。     

“走出去”与中国国家发展战略

改革开放30年来，中国通过实施“引进来”战略，积极参与经济全球化，在新一轮全球产业分工中赢得了一席之地，成为经济全球化的受益者。1998年，中国政府正式提出“走出去”战略，鼓励和支持有条件的各种所有制企业对外投资和跨国经营，主动参与各种形式的国际经济技术合作。具体包括对外直接投资、对外承包工程和对外劳务合作三项业务。实施“走出去”战略，开展对外投资及其他跨国经营活动，在当前和今后有着现实而长远的重要意义。有助于破解我国的资源约束难题，有助于提升产业结构，有助于缓解贸易保护主义压力，有助于获取先进知识，还有助于增强我国的国际竞争力。     

我国企业并购中的跨文化管理问题探析

随着我国经济的持续发展，国力不断强盛，中国越来越多的企业“走出去”，实施跨国经营，尤其近年来，我国企业开始实施跨国并购，并成为中国企业实施国际化经营的主要方式。随着中国企业海外并购及其风险的加剧，文化整合问题日益凸现。TCL并购法国阿尔卡特和汤姆逊公司后，经营亏损、企业整合困难重重一直困扰着TCL集团公司。近年来，我国企业跨国并购中出现的文化矛盾及跨文化整合问题已经成为我国企业在“走出去”过程中亟待解决的重要问题。     

中小企业也能实现规模经济

随着我国的成功入世,越来越多的跨国公司涌入中国,中小企业将要面对来自本国“老大哥”和跨国“巨无霸”的双重竞争压力。所以要在根本上解决中小企业的竞争劣势问题,应打破小规模的企业不可能获得规模经济的传统观念,从其源头入手,努力使中小企业实现规模经济。中小企业能够实现规模经济企业规模经济可分为企业外部规模经济和企业内部规模经济两个方面,前者是指单个企业由于本身规模的扩大带来的企业经济效益的提高;后者是指单个企业由于参与一定形式的企业联合,借助外部整体的力量实现本企业平均成本的降低。中小企业本身规模偏小、资源有…     

经济全球化趋势下长江三角洲城市群的发展

从世界范围看．经济全球化本身具有深刻的内涵、宽泛的外延以及众多的表现形式．包括资本的跨国流动（国际直接投资与间接投资）、技术与劳动力的跨国流动、国际贸易、全球生产体系的形成与发展、全球分工体系的建立等，它们都会直接或间接地对区域经济．乃至一国经济的发展产生重大影响。     

跨国经营企业管理者的外语素质要求

全球经济一体化和经营国际化,使跨国公司进一步发展。中国企业要想在跨国经营中具备竞争力,就需要管理者走出国门,加强与世界的沟通与交流,借鉴国外先进的管理经验,吸收前沿的管理知识,在企业管理上达到国际水平。英语是当今世界的国际语言,许多前沿的管理知识和著作都使用英文作为载体,这就要求跨国经营企业的管理者具有一定的外语阅读、翻译和写作能力,以便快捷准确地获取信息。因此笔者认为,跨国经营企业的管理者应尽快具备以下几个方面的外语素质。     

私募股权投资对中小板上市公司价值的影响研究

私募股权投资不仅能扩宽企业的融资渠道，还能优化企业法人治理结构，进而增加企业价值。本文选取了2012年深交所中小企业板块的233户上市公司为研究样本，通过实证研究发现在控制了公司规模和财务杠杆度后，私募股权投资与公司价值和公司经营绩效呈显著的正相关关系。     

上海支持服务中小企业“走出去”对策研究

中小型民营企业＂走出去＂,可以发挥其机制灵活的优势,更好地开展对外投资合作。上海急需培育一批本土中小企业跨国公司,以形成上海未来新的经济增长点和动力源。为此,上海要加强对中小企业＂走出去＂的统筹协调、分类指导;做好中小企业境外投资风险防范工作;引导企业实施商标国际化战略;强化金融扶持政策的支持力度;实施降低中小企业税负的政策;创新贸易便利性政策,提高境外投资通关服务水平;提升国家形象和外交水平,为中小企业境外投资提供服务和保障;加大＂走出去＂人才的培养与建设;强化中国在认证体系上的话语权和公信力;完善政府＂走出去＂服务体系政策。     

观点

著名经济学家吴敬琏 中国企业还处在少年期 中国经济已经成为促进世界经济稳定增长的一支重要力量，而中国企业则是汇聚成这支力量的主力。不过，在欢庆成就的时候，也应当清醒地看到，中国企业还处在“少年时期”。它们面临着环境、人力资源和市场竞争特别是直接面对国际跨国厂商的竞争等方面的严峻挑战。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.