管理者关系特性对海外子公司知识获取及公司绩效的影响研究

基于组织学习理论和社会资本理论,考察了管理者关系特性对海外子公司内外部网络知识获取和企业绩效的影响。研究结果显示,母子公司管理者之间的信任和沟通频率对获取母公司知识有正向影响,海外子公司管理者和本地重要企业管理者之间的信任对获取本地商务知识有正向影响,海外子公司管理者和本地政府主要负责人之间的私人关系对获取本地制度知识有显著影响。此外,本地制度知识在母公司知识对海外子公司绩效的影响中起正向调节作用,本地商务知识起负向调节作用。     

绩效下滑会驱动子公司创新吗北大核心CSSCI

本文依据公司行为理论,研究期望绩效下滑与子公司创新行为的关系,以及在外部市场融资难、成本高的制度环境下,母公司财务状况与母子公司控制层级对绩效下滑子公司创新变革的影响。基于2012-2015年上市公司数据发现:子公司期望绩效下滑更有动机提高创新能力;母公司财务困境、母子公司间金字塔控制层级削弱了子公司期望绩效下滑程度与创新绩效提升的负向关系。将子公司样本按绩效状况分为盈利与亏损两部分,进一步分析发现:当子公司盈利时,期望绩效下滑提高了公司创新能力;当经营亏损时,子公司创新能力随期望绩效下滑而下降,即子公司实施创新变革的最佳时机是公司经营绩效低于预期目标且处于盈利状态。母公司对子公司创新行为的影响视子公司经营状况权变而定:当子公司盈利时,母公司财务困境与子公司创新绩效负相关,母子公司控制层级与子公司创新能力正相关;当子公司亏损时,母公司财务困境和金字塔控制层级与子公司创新绩效的关系不明显。     

跨国公司子公司在不同战略角色下的知识转移研究——基于知识特性的视角

跨国公司在较大范围内扩展其竞争优势的前提之一,就是母公司与子公司之间的知识转移,而不同战略角色下的跨国公司子公司,其拥有的知识特点和知识转移的机制也有所不同。本文从知识特性的视角,探究了处于不同角色的子公司,其知识转移的机制问题,进而提出了提升知识转移绩效、促进跨国公司管理的政策建议。     

跨国并购战略与对海外子公司内部控制

跨国并购战略的制定与实施应与由此带来的海外子公司内部控制统筹考虑。以企业愿景为引领,基于企业跨国发展战略来构造母公司对海外子公司内部控制体系,有助于从系统角度明确对并购及子公司内部控制的基本脉络和结构。海外发展的关键是有明确的发展战略,而母公司的跨国并购战略决定了对海外子公司内部控制效率,从而最终决定了企业战略目标的实现。     

国际合资关系中本土企业知识获取机制研究

国际合资关系是本土企业获取知识的重要途径，这种特殊的组织间关系为转型经济中的中国企业提供了接近、获取跨国公司技术和管理知识的重要平台。但是，大多数关于转型经济中合资企业的研究文献关注的是合资企业如何从跨国公司母公司获取知识，很少有研究从母公司角度、特别是转型经济中本土母公司角度研究其通过国际合资关系获取知识的问题。本文从转型经济中东道国母公司的角度，提出了一个关于我国企业通过国际合资关系获取知识的研究框架，着重分析了影响本土企业知识获取的重要因素——合资关系界面管理，并提出了相应的研究推论和研究命题，选择上海的一个企业进行了个案研究。文章最后还给出了进一步研究的建议。     

跨国公司人员派遣与知识流动的关系探讨——基于跨国公司在沪子公司的实证研究

将跨国公司知识流动影响因素的研究视角置于母公司对子公司的组织控制机制这一新兴领域,主要关注跨国公司的人员派遣与知识流动之间的关系.以跨国公司在沪的129个子公司为样本进行了问卷调查,实证结果表明在中国上海这样一个情境下,跨国公司的人员派遣对其知识流动有重要的影响,尤其是高层管理人员的派遣能够显著提高跨国公司的知识流动水平.     

母公司非垄断者条件下跨国公司研发模式选择研究

 跨国公司面临的一个重要挑战就是如何在不同地区获得不同知识,并在自身运营中高效运用这些知识。因此,跨国公司如何选择研发模式以获得不同的知识受到越来越多的关注。        针对跨国公司研发模式的选择,用博弈论构建一个母公司非垄断者条件下包括母公司、子公司及其竞争者在内的模型,用该模型分析跨国公司在集中研发和分散研发条件下的均衡产量和均衡利润。基于古诺模型构建博弈模型,关注跨国公司的研发模式,包括母公司所在市场上竞争对手的知识转移给母公司的份额、母公司的知识转移给子公司的份额、母公司的知识转移给竞争对手的份额、子公司所在市场上竞争对手的知识转移给子公司的份额、子公司的知识转移给母公司的份额等知识因素。采用MAPLE软件进行求解,通过对均衡产量与均衡利润进行比较,得到母公司非垄断者条件下跨国公司进行研发模式选择的充分条件。        研究结果表明,母公司竞争对手的知识转移给母公司的份额、母公司的知识转移给子公司的份额、子公司所在市场上的产品替代率和子公司的知识转移给竞争对手的份额对集中研发模式有正向影响,对分散研发模式有负向影响;母公司所在市场上的产品替代率、母公司的知识转移给竞争对手的份额、子公司竞争对手的知识转移给子公司的份额和子公司的知识转移给母公司的份额对集中研发模式有负向影响,对分散研发模式有正向影响。        研究结果意味着集中研发和分散研发的优势都受到知识因素和市场因素的影响,并不存在针对非垄断者条件下跨国公司的最好研发模式,但对于一个具体的非垄断跨国公司确实存在一个最合适的研发模式。     

关系特征、资源获取与初创企业绩效关系实证研究

网络关系在新企业创建和成长过程中具有关键作用,但究竟何种网络特征能够促进新企业资源获取和绩效提高尚不明晰.本文以初创企业为对象,构建了关系特征、资源获取与新企业绩效之间的理论模型,利用322家成立时间在42个月内初创企业的调研数据,对理论模型和假设进行实证分析.分析结果表明,关系强度对知识资源和运营资源获取具有正影响;关系信任对知识资源和运营资源获取具有正影响;网络规模对知识资源获取具有正影响,知识资源获取对新企业财务和成长绩效具有正影响;知识资源获取对运营资源获取具有正影响;知识资源获取对运营资源获取与新企业绩效间关系具有正向的调节作用.但网络规模对运营资源获取的影响不显著,运营资源对初创企业财务和成长绩效的影响不显著.     

跨国公司海外子公司管理层人员选择的影响因素研究

本文首先以威廉姆森的交易三维度作为分析工具,讨论哪些因素会对跨国公司海外子公司管理层人员的选拔产生影响.海外子公司管理层人员的选择需要考虑诸多成本,如甄选和招聘成本、培训和内部化成本、控制和评价成本以及违约执行成本等等.究竟选择母公司外派还是当地人员担任海外子公司经理,决定于哪种方式的总成本更低.并通过实证分析对理论假设进行了验证.7个假设中有5个得到了验证,表明实证结果和理论推导是比较吻合的.     

中国跨国企业母子公司结构的决策机制研究:基于松散耦合理论视角

在资源匮乏和国际化能力不足的情境下,中国跨国企业如何获取和利用全球战略资源以实现能力跃迁,成为学界和业界共同关注的重要议题。在此过程中,海外子公司承担了重要职能,如何协调母子间关系以促进子公司生存与发展是企业跨国管理面临的关键挑战。作为企业内外部资源流动与能力建构的重要实践基础,母子公司结构在现有研究中尚未得到足够探索,且存在不同视角下的冲突结论。本文引入松散耦合理论,尝试为中国跨国企业海外子公司管理战略提供结构视角的解决方案。基于258家中国制造业A股上市企业的587家海外子公司数据,本文采用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),从动机、能力、机会角度探讨了母公司国际化程度、子公司投资动机以及东道国技术资源禀赋和制度距离对中国跨国企业母子公司结构选择的共同作用机制,为不同内部组织和外部环境情境下,企业海外子公司管理结构的决策提供了理论参考。     

Headquarter Services in the Global Integration of Production

This study examines knowledge management within multinational enterprises (MNEs) by analyzing whether greater interdependence of production between U.S. parent firms and their foreign subsidiaries increases the provision of headquarter (HQ) services from the home country. The findings suggest that U.S. parents provide more assistance to their foreign subsidiaries that are linked in a global value chain than to those that are not involved in production sharing. This study builds on the earlier studies of the relationship between intra-MNE product flows and knowledge flows in multiple ways. First, it separately examines the relationship for high-tech and low-tech manufacturing industries, and finds that knowledge services from HQ that could be combined with knowledge of the subsidiary, such as R&D services, are primarily associated with production sharing with subsidiaries in high-tech manufacturing industries, which are assumed to be more technologically capable. Likewise, it finds that knowledge services from HQ that might be considered to be more passively received from the parent, such as industrial-type maintenance and design, are primarily associated with subsidiaries in low-tech manufacturing industries, which are assumed to be less technologically capable. Second, this study is the first one, to our knowledge, that gauges intra-firm knowledge flows using dollar-denominated measures of HQ services provided by parents to their subsidiaries.     

Geographically Dispersed Technological Capability Building and MNC Innovative Performance: The Role of Intra-firm Flows of Newly Absorbed Knowledge

This study identifies key mechanisms linking multinationality with the knowledge advantages of multinational corporations (MNCs). These mechanisms are the absorption of new knowledge by one individual MNC unit and the subsequent flows of such newly absorbed knowledge to other geographically distant units of the same firm. The intra-MNC and inter-unit flows of such newly absorbed knowledge include exchanges between a parent and its overseas subsidiaries and those between subsidiaries. Through analyzing the U.S. patent data of the world's largest firms in the electrical equipment industry, our study shows that those two mechanisms are complementary in affecting MNC innovative performance. More notably, given the geographically dispersed new knowledge absorption within an MNC, only the flows of the newly absorbed knowledge between the parent and subsidiaries, in contrast to those between subsidiaries, are positively associated with MNC innovative performance. This study contributes to the MNC literature. Managerial implications are also discussed.     

Local and Global Knowledge Complementarity: R&D Collaborations and Innovation of Foreign and Domestic Firms

We analyze how research and development (R&D) collaborations affect product innovation for subsidiaries of foreign multinational firms and domestic firms. We build on the knowledge-based view to propose that subsidiaries and domestic firms differ in their ability to benefit from alternative R&D partners as a result of the variation in their knowledge complementarities. Specifically, we propose that subsidiaries may benefit more from undertaking R&D collaborations with customers and competitors, whose deeper knowledge of local conditions better complements the more global knowledge base of subsidiaries. In contrast, we argue that domestic firms may benefit more from engaging in R&D collaborations with suppliers and universities, whose more global nature of knowledge better complement the deeper local knowledge base of domestic firms.     

Augmenting Local Managerial Capacity Through Knowledge Collectivities: The Case of Volvo Car China

The investigation of socialization as a conduit of knowledge transfer and development (KTD) to subsidiaries in emerging economies is still in its infancy. This paper aims to discern empirically and theoretically the underlying mechanisms of interpersonal-level micro-foundations of socialization as a conduit of KTD in emerging economy subsidiaries. This study draws on a four-year longitudinal in-depth qualitative case study of Volvo Car China. The observational unit is the subsidiaries' temporal dual management constellations referred to as matched pairs (MPs). The study illustrates how the MPs acted as a means of temporal socialization, conducive in the creation of knowledge collectivities that aided in the development of local managerial capacity. A grounded model with four overarching theoretical dimensions is developed and discussed to illustrate the theoretical insights derived from this study. The main overarching disclosure is the prevalence of recursive interrelatedness between competence and competency of the individual, context-, and the expansion of managerial capacity. Findings of the case study opens up for a more nuanced view on transferring- and developing tacit and explicit knowledge in a context with less dense social capital. The study contributes to research on knowledge transfer and development, managerial capacity development, and internationalization of multinational corporations.     

跨国公司演进的知识观

传统跨国公司理论认为,知识的公共物品属性以及知识产品交易的市场失效是导致跨国公司演进的原因,这种分析没有反映企业所拥有并擅长的进行隐性知识转移的功能,忽视了子公司在知识创造中的作用,而且没有充分考虑到对外直接投资的知识效应。本文从企业的知识观出发,指出跨国公司通过对外直接投资来拓展企业边界并进行知识的内部转移,不仅可以保持企业现有知识存量的完整性,而且也为知识的再结合和创造新知识构筑了平台,从而寻求动态的竞争优势。     

Configuring knowledge connectivity and strategy conditions for foreign subsidiary innovation

We argue that product innovation by foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations is a complex undertaking requiring a theoretical understanding of how managers combine subsidiary structural arrangements, knowledge connectivity, and contextual conditions into configurations that yield innovative products. Accordingly, we integrate relevant conditions from interrelated literature streams and explore their complementarities and substitutions in relation to subsidiary product innovation. Using a neo-configurational approach and data on 183 foreign subsidiaries operating in Europe, we identify six equifinal configurations associated with subsidiary product innovation. We leverage the configurational patterns to elaborate theory of how subsidiary product innovation is primarily driven by the interrelations among the relevant conditions, thus contributing novel insights to research on subsidiary management and global innovation.     

Performance implications of MNE subsidiary federation: Evidence from India

Building on extant and emerging scholarship on the deepening of MNE operations in a foreign country, we develop the notion of subsidiary federation, viz., a constellation of legally independent majority-owned subsidiaries of a foreign MNE, in a single host country. We posit that subsidiary federation is a reservoir of host country experiences, resources, knowledge, and networks, and allows the parent MNE strategic flexibility in terms of where and how they choose to operate. The sharing of knowledge facilitated by interactions among the managers of affiliated subsidiaries bestows advantages that, we argue, are performance positive for the affiliates. We hypothesize that multiple subsidiaries in a foreign host country is positively associated with corporate level diversity, and that benefits to the affiliates in a subsidiary federation are associated with the size of the federation and with relative geographic location of the affiliates. We test our theory on a sample of foreign MNE subsidiaries in India during the 2000–2013 period and find strong empirical support for our hypotheses. We conclude with avenues for future research.     

Recruiting channels of foreign subsidiaries in Japan

Despite increasing interest in recruitment and selection, surprisingly little is known regarding recruiting practices and channels in foreign subsidiaries. This study focuses on the utilization and success of recruiting channels of foreign subsidiaries in Japan. Interviews with 40 company managers show that recruitment strategies in foreign subsidiaries progress through different stages. Lacking social networks but possessing substantial financial resources, small and newly established subsidiaries rely primarily on headhunters. However, larger subsidiaries with longer presence in Japan tend to diversify and localize their recruitment channels. Owing partly to a reduction in ethnocentric attitudes, foreign subsidiaries in certain industries are capable of attracting high-quality job candidates. Overall, the interviews revealed that referrals are the best recruiting channel for the production of high-quality candidates who fit in well, exhibit high company loyalty, and perform well on the job.     

网络组织类型及其管理机制适应性研究

运用网络组织理论探讨不同网络组织类型及其所采用的管理机制之间的关系,指出其网络组织可按成员之间知识扩散密度的不同分为自给自足型、生产型和经营型等三种,在文献述评的基础上归纳出网络组织控制其成员的机制类型,并运用实证分析验证了网络组织类型及控制机制之间的相关性.     

Green Purchasing by MNC Subsidiaries: The Role of Local Tailoring in the Presence of Institutional Duality

To examine the essential determinants of green purchasing by multinational corporations’ (MNC) subsidiaries, this study takes institutional theory as a foundation and focuses on the institutional duality associated with localization and globalization. Specifically, we develop a model to explain subsidiaries’ green purchasing and empirically test the model with data from 141 purchasing managers and senior purchasing staff members from subsidiaries in 39 countries. Our results suggest that pressures from headquarters and the local environment do not affect subsidiaries’ green purchasing directly; rather, they exert indirect influences through local tailoring. This study contributes to extant literature by revealing the significance of local tailoring in an MNC context. In addition, our findings offer several implications for practice by providing a roadmap for disseminating green purchasing across the subsidiaries of an MNC, as well as highlighting the importance of both clear communication about the benefits of green purchasing and internal audits.