浙江省萧山市乡镇企业发展面临的挑战及其对策

乡镇企业在对我国的经济和社会发展起到了极大的推动作用。萧山市乡镇企业曾是全国的佼佼者。但是随着改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展 ,乡镇企业面临新的挑战 ,发展速度明显减缓。本文在分析乡镇企业发展速度减缓的原因的基础上 ,提出了乡镇企业要发展 ,必须结合当地实际 ,实行产权制度改革、调整产品结构、推进企业科技进步、将工业化与城市化结合等对策     

发展中的乡镇企业不宜盲目上规模

如果苏南、杭、宁、绍地区的乡镇企业称得上比较发达的话,那么起步较迟、水平较低的金华市乡镇企业,只能称之为发展中的乡镇企业。在乡镇企业发达地区,“企业上规模”已成为指导乡镇企业发展的重要方针;在乡镇企业不太发达的地区,则往往照搬发达地区的经验。然而,“企业上规模”是否同样适用于发展中的乡镇企业,我以为是很值得探讨的。企业上规模通常是指企业的大小问题,即劳动力、劳动手段、劳动对象等生产要素在企业中的集中程度,根据集中程度可以把企业规模分成大、中、小企业。我们认为,企业发展需要一定的规     

发展福利企业应采取四种战略

战略之一：集中优势以专取胜福利企业规模普遍较小，资源有限，实力不雄厚，不能像大企业那样搞多种化经营来分散风险，但是可以集中自身优势，通过选择有效发挥企业特长的市场进行专业化经营。集中力量打入目标市场，把有限资金集中到目标市场上，进行重点投资c发展专业特色产品，提高企业知名度和市场占有率，从而发展和壮大企业。福利企业采取这种战略，一是可以通过扩大生产批量，提高专业化程度和一品质量，提高规模经济效益，在市场上站稳脚跟。二是随着需求多样化和专业化程度的提高，大企业也普遍欢迎这些专业程度高、产品质量好的…     

规制与中国乡镇企业的崛起、发展

规制与中国乡镇企业的崛起、发展宝贡敏朱允卫改革开放以来,放松农村计划性、行政集权性规制,引致了乡镇企业的异军突起,并表现为传统规制放松与乡镇企业发展层次相一致的特点。在当前,乡镇企业行为性利害关系微观规制、企业主体规制的转换及管理升级,则是中国乡镇企...     

反倾销的经济学理论及我国的对策

目前我国被实施反倾销的主要原因有:宏观上,由于政府补贴造成国际市场销售价格低于国内市场价格;在微观上,由于比较优势的存在,使发展中国家商品价格大大低于国际市场价格。国际对华反倾销严重影响我国商品出口规模的进一步扩大和我国出口商品结构的调整。在应对国外反倾销过程中,政府不仅要鼓励企业积极应诉,还要运用反倾销手段来保护我国的民族工业。     

面对"特保"措施的不利影响出口营销企业的主要对策

加入世界贸易组织还不到一年,中国出口的多种产品就陆续遭遇了外国政府提出的“特保”阻碍,并给中国产品出口企业蒙上了一层阴影,甚至引起了一些企业的恐慌。对此企业要充分认识“特保”措施的特点及实质,通过我国政府的积极磋商和在行业组织通力协作的基础上,根据自身特点关注预警信息,及时调整产品与出口地区结构,分散供货,尽可能将风险转给进口商以规避风险、减少损失。并以此为契机积极开展对外投资,努力提升产品技术含量与产品档次,加强品牌建设,从而保证企业在国际市场中能够长期稳定的发展。     

企业兼并之我见

一、企业兼并是发展社会主义商品经济的客观要求在商品经济条件下,企业兼并、产权转移是一种经常发生的经济现象。企业作为商品生产者无一例外地面临着激烈的市场竞争。竞争规律作用的结果使优势企业具有一种内在的扩张冲力,实现这种扩张的手段之一就是兼并其他企业,即集中生产要素,使之超出自身积累,从而达到其迅速扩张的愿望;同时,通过企业兼并还可以推动企业组织结构和再生产结构的优化与演进,提高自身的规模经济效益和结构经济效益。因此,可以说,企业兼并又是商品经济条件下企业实现扩张的一种内在机制。完整的社会主义商品市场体系,不仅包括消费品市场和生产资料市场,更重要的还应包括资金、劳务、技     

战后日本进口贸易政策的演变

日本是一个国土狭小、资源贫乏的国家,需要“以进养出”,即有选择的进口必要的原料和燃料,加工成产品之后再出口。战后,日本为了发展本国经济和保护本国的新兴产业,在相当长的时期内,采取了“限制进口、鼓励出口”的外贸政策。六十年代以来,由于日本经济高速发展,产品的国际竞争力增强、加之七十年代的两次石油危机以及世界上新兴工业化国家和地区的相继出现,使日本的产业和贸易结构都发生了深刻变化;同时,日本为了缓解与欧美各国的贸易摩擦和满足国内对进口商品的需求,日本政府把     

论新形势下浦东乡镇工业的调整与发展

在新形势下浦东乡镇工业如何在调整中发展，这不仅是乡镇企业自身的需要，而且对浦东新区产业结构优化有着重要的意义。作者认为，浦东乡镇工业的合理调整，需要正确认识乡镇工业在浦东开发中的地位和作用，扫除影响乡镇工业发展的各种障碍。而促进乡镇工业的发展，需要运用五大策略，即产业联结策略、结构优化策略、分类指导策略、企业组织策略和体制推进策略，方能达到预期的目的。     

乡镇工业企业区位发展大趋势

本文从上海县乡镇工业企业区位实际出发,科学地分析了乡镇工业企业布点分散的原因,对比研究了乡镇工业企业布点分散与相对集中所产生的不同社会经济生态效益,提出了乡镇工业企业区位相对集中的方式、度和衡量指标体系,以及相应的对策措施。作者首次提出了乡镇工业企业相对集中布点的本质问题和乡镇工业土地产出率等观点。本文不仅对上海县的乡镇工业企业上一个新台阶具有重要的决策参考价值,而且对全市、以及全国都有一定的理论和借鉴意义。     

Global Topographies: The Spiritual, the Social and the Geographical in the Missionary Movement from the West

The modern missionary movement has contributed profoundly not only to changing the religious topography of this globe—approximately one-third of the world's population is Christian now—but also, often enough, it has changed the social topography as well. Missionary activity is still one of the major agents of global transformation in the twentieth century. This paper looks at some of the driving machines of transformation, namely the images, visions, and concepts of time, space and global social change that were produced within the missionary movement as part of its spiritual topography. Three motivational trends are identified, each of which represents a fundamentally different way of approaching non-western space and time and thus leads to different models of missionary social intervention: the emancipative-integrationist approach, the racist-imperialistic attitude, and the egalitarian-inversionist trend. The overall findings of this paper are, perhaps, more or less ambivalent: visions of human salvation and global social change, missionary or other, are historically powerful. Necessary as they are for the life of humankind, global visions ought to be handled with care. They need to be tested and discussed, particularly with those who are targeted.     

Changes in Life Satisfaction Among Participants of Adult Day Care and Their Informal Caregivers

This paper examines changes in life satisfaction among participants of Adult Day Care (ADC) in Manitoba, Canada, and their informal caregivers (where applicable). ADC participants (N = 112) and their informal caregivers (N = 34) were interviewed at two points in time. Data analyses reveal that, during attendance at the program, the life satisfaction of both the participant and the informal caregiver tend to improve. Attempts to predict which participants are most likely to improve, remain stable, or deteriorate in life satisfaction were largely unsuccessful. A smaller group of participants in Winnipeg programs were matched on age, sex, functional disability and illness with two control groups. Analyses reveal improvements in life satisfaction among ADC participants appear to be program effects.     

充分发挥社会科学在改革开放中的作用

中国社会科学的繁荣和发展,是与改革开放的命运紧紧联系在一起的。改革开放带来了中国社会科学的春天。30年来改革开放的每一个举措、进展和理论上的突破,都凝聚着社会科学工作者探索的心血。把改革开放30年的辉煌历史完整、准确地记载下来,是哲学社会科学工作者一个重要的职责。面向未来,社会科学要在进一步推进改革开放中发挥更大的作用。     

魏晋南北朝文武分途的基础性研究——几个概念的辨析

从文武官职的角度看,"军将"、"武臣"、"武将"在魏晋南北朝时期主要用来泛指军事行动中的各级统帅,多与地方行政官职构成文武之别,但"军将"一词北魏后内涵有所扩展,亦指中央与地方军队的统帅。"文官"与"武官"之称从东汉开始普及,主要用以区分中央官职。两汉存在"文吏"与"武吏"的对举,所指侧重地方的基层吏员集团。从文武群体的角度来看,汉代以后,从军队出身、以武功扬名者渐渐被视为一个群体,该群体常被称作"武士"、"武夫"、"武人"、"武将",他们多具有善战强悍、学识浅薄、不闲吏职等比较固定的特征。文人群体常被称为"文吏"、"儒生"、"文士"、"文人"、"学士",尽管诸词所指人群掌握的知识不尽相同,但它们都和武人群体相区别,强调其不长武事的特征。     

重诂才子佳人小说的思想文化内蕴

与《红楼梦》等名作相比,才子佳人小说宣扬的婚恋理想更广泛深刻地影响了民族、民众心理,因而有必要重诂其思想文化内蕴。才子佳人小说将理想婚姻的缔结寄希望于人治社会的"法"———皇帝的圣旨———虽然靠不住,但我们却可以保留其"法"的基本内核,代之以法治社会的法。它宣扬婚姻中要以人为本,以情为本,通过赞美"才子""佳人"的"才"来抵挡金钱"财"对世人的异化,通过高扬"才子""佳人"的"情"、"情""理"合一来反拨晚明清初色情小说人本位中的专注于"欲"的不健康的极端倾向。尽管才子佳人小说也有一些瑕疵,但从总体上说,它的思想文化内蕴应予以肯定。     

Awareness of Resources for Visually Impaired Older Adults Among the Aging Network

Approximately 13% of the older adult population have severe near, intermediate and/or distance vision impairment. However, there is little recognition within the aging network that vision impairment among older adults can lead to isolation and excess disability. This article reports on a survey conducted by the Lighthouse National Center for Vision and Aging of the State Units on Aging (SUA) and Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) to assess their awareness of the vision rehabilitation network of services, their perceived need for more information on age-related vision loss and to identify specific projects known to or within the aging network addressing the needs of visually impaired older adults. Among the 298 respondent AAAs, 74% could identify at least one resource for visually impaired people, usually a segregated service offered exclusively to blind/visually impaired older adults. Eighty-three percent of the AAA respondents felt they needed to have more information on age-related vision impairment. The sparsity of programs within the aging network to address needs of visually impaired older persons is documented and discussed.     

Social Exclusion, Inequality and Social Work

This paper sets out the environment of inequality in which social work and the poor have recently operated. It explores pragmatic and idealist arguments concerning whether or not the poor need social work. Finally, policy solutions developed in consultation with social service users and carers are suggested in relation to poverty and social exclusion. Social exclusion can be linked to relative poverty as exclusion from economic and social norms. However, there is a wider brief in our own government’s publications and those of Europe, of examining how people are excluded from actions and policies of agencies who are there to support them. This paper will retain the concepts of poverty as lack of material income, and inequality as the gap between the rich and the poor, while being aware of the policy implications for social service users and carers of the more comprehensive process of being shut out partially or fully from social, economic, political and cultural systems. The debates around social work, social exclusion and inequality that follow establish: that some of the poor do need social work; that the poverty of social service users is related to policies that have restructured welfare in Britain; that the reason for individuals approaching or being referred to social services are complex but are likely to include financial deprivation as a key contributory factor; that if the poor do need social work, advocacy is essential rather than social work being seen as concerned only with social control—taking children into care, mentally ill people into hospitals, and advising the DSS on the suitability of claimants for benefits. Finally, the discussion turns to new policy agendas on social exclusion instigated by the Labour government. What positive difference can such policies make for social service users, their carers and social workers?.     

Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Senior Centers: Comparing Participant Characteristics in More and Less Multicultural Settings

The 2008 Health Indicators Project surveyed a probability sample (N = 1,870) of New York City senior center participants. Attendees of racially and ethnically diverse and nondiverse senior centers were compared across 5 domains: demographics; health and quality of life; social support networks; neighborhood perceptions and engagement; health service access/utilization. Although homogeneous and diverse center participants demonstrate similar health and quality-of-life outcomes, those from diverse centers demonstrate greater risk of social isolation, receive less family support, and more likely seek medical care from hospitals or community clinics. Implications and future directions for research, practice and policy are discussed.     

哀敬两尽：从“君视大敛”看君臣、父子伦理的情感内涵

以君臣、父子为代表的政治伦理与亲属伦理及其内在的精神情感构成了中国社会结构、家国关系及政治秩序的深层根基。本文通过对《士丧礼》中“君视大敛”这一环节的描述分析，指出君臣之间以敬为主的情感内涵与父子之间以哀为主的情感内涵相互影响，交织在一起，而从根本上讲，这两种情感及其相互作用统一于儒家的仁义思想之中。通过对这两种伦理之情感内涵的讨论，文章进一步明晰了中国历史传统中家国关系的内在精神情感通路，即性情仁厚之人在家庭内部孝敬父母，才能在国家层面忠于君主，而国家层面的君臣关系也关照、影响着家庭内的父子关系。文章同时也为理解当下身处尊卑有等与亲疏有差两层关系中的中国人的内在情感状态、行动伦理以及在此结构中形成的社会人格提供了一种新的解释。     

Association Between Unemployment Duration and Depression in the SouthWest Region of Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT

Unemployment has risen as an effect of globalization in the country of Turkey. To date, no studies have examined the association between the duration of unemployment and perceived mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the duration of unemployment and the incidenence of depression among citizens in the southwest region of Turkey. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 908 unemployed individuals. The questionnaire gathered sociodemographic characteristics and employment-related circumstances. To measure mental health, a depression inventory was administered and group-wise t-tests and logistic regressions were conducted. The findings show that long-term unemployed persons had more episodes of depressive moods in the past 12 months when compared with the group of the short-term unemployed. In addition, depression levels were higher among the long-term unemployed compared with the short-term unemployed. It was estimated that the duration of unemployment and the measurement of depression had a positive correlation. Risk factors that increased depression in the short-term unemployed were gender (female), older age, and greater periods of unemployment. However, higher education, income, and having social insurance significantly decreased the risk of developing depression for both the short-term and the long-term unemployed. Future recommendations include supportive counseling to increase motivation levels and developing strategies to handle periods of unemployment.