国际移民法律体系构建之初探

国际移民问题既是一个深刻的社会现象,更涉及复杂的法律问题,如何建立移民迁出国与移入国的法律规范,协调国家主权与移民迁移权之间关系,完善难民保护制度,以及打击移民跨国跨地区犯罪都成为经济全球化时代下亟待解决的问题。因此,通过双边及多边国家合作与对话,建构全面完善的国际移民法律体系具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

切实维护移民的合法权益

一、提高移民政策、项目、资金的透明度,切实保障移民群众的知情权我国的移民政策主要包括移民搬迁安置政策和后期扶持政策两大部分。在动员搬迁安置阶段,我们要利用各种形式,向移民讲清楚建设水库、水电站的重要作用和意义,同时要把国家的搬迁安置政策原原本本地告诉他们,包括经济补偿政策,安置地的生产生活条件,以及政府和社会提供的各种优惠待遇。后期扶持政策既体现了党和政府对移民负责到底的精神,也体现了     

三江源自然保护区的生态移民异地安置模式及其影响初探

从2005年开始,三江源自然保护区生态移民工程正式启动。该生态移民工程计划将4万多藏族牧民分期分批逐渐迁出保护区核心地带,并移居到远离保护区的城镇定居。本文基于人类学实地调查与参与式观察,重点探讨三江源自然保护区的生态移民的异地安置模式及其对移民群体与移入地社区的综合影响。     

日本学术界近代移民政策研究综述

20世纪80年代日本移民研究的兴起几乎和"日系移民关系资料"的收集、整理是同步的,二者相互促进。国立国会图书馆在"日系移民关系资料"的收集、整理中充当了组织者的角色,这一工作延续至今,成果显著,为学者开展研究提供了保障,本文在第一部分将对此进行概述。日本移民研究虽然取得了很大成绩,但是对战前移民政策研究却相对滞后,本文第二部分从移民通史研究、移民思想研究、移民政策研究、移民外交与移民政策研究、人口问题与移民政策研究五个方面介绍日本学术界的研究现状和存在的问题。     

论19世纪中国人移民美国的原因

鸦片战争后出现了中国人移民美国的高潮。本文力图从广东省的社会背景、美国对劳动力的需求、清政府华侨政策的转变、赊单制度的盛行以及国人乡土观念的变化等几个方面论证这次移民高潮出现的原因     

城市新移民社会资本的理性转换

本文运用2007年600位城市新移民的问卷调查数据，通过比较分析总体社会资本与本地社会资本对城市新移民社会融合的影响，旨在揭示城市新移民的本地社会资本在何种意义上更有利于其社会融合。研究发现，尽管本地社会资本更有利于城市新移民的总体社会融合，但其作用的大小和方向却有所差异。这表明，城市新移民社会资本的本地化是理性选择的结果。     

三峡外迁移民的社区归属感研究

三峡移民社区归属感高低是他们对安置区认可和依恋程度的反映 ,并在一定程度上决定三峡移民工程能否成功。本文通过对问卷调查资料的分析 ,认为在影响三峡移民社区归属感的主要因素中 ,移民对未来生活的预期作用最为显著 ;其次是移民政策落实情况。为此 ,拓展移民的经济发展之路 ,提高其对安置区经济发展的信心 ,同时完善移民政策落实情况 ,是提高移民对安置区归属感的应有举措。     

乡-城移民社会融入的实践策略研究：社区融入的视角

本研究基于社区融入的视角,探讨中国乡城移民的社会融入的实践策略与理论模式。作者梳理出移民的社区融入的组织化、专业化、政策行动和文化融入这四项实践策略,以使各社区能及时回应移民普遍性需求,提供制度支持,改善政策环境,营造融入文化。作者还提出了在社区实务研究的基础上,发展移民的社会全面融入的理论模式的重要性,即从跨社区融入的广度视角与决策融入的深度视角,推动乡城移民的社会资本由农村向城市的转移与发展,实现全面的社会融入。     

移民两难问题

移民在一定程度上减少贫困世界银行的一份最新报告显示,虽然移民的汇款能减少发展中国家的贫困,但是大量高技术人才移居国外也造成了一个两难的困境。世界银行的报告《移民、汇款、人力资源流失》对墨西哥、危地马拉、菲律宾三个国家居民的有关数据进行了详尽的分析。这三个国家有数百万移民移居国外,并且通常有移民的家庭比没有移民的家庭富有。世界银行的经济学家摩利斯·席夫(MauriceSchiff)指出,“这份报告表明:移民能减少贫困,增加教育、医疗保健和投资方面的投入”。“这个发现适用于所有这三个国家,我们还要进一步研究这个结果是否…     

日本“满洲移民”政策对中国东北移民活动的影响

移民侵略是日本侵占中国的重要手段之一，早在九一八事变之前，日本即积极向中国东北进行试验移民。日本占领中国东北之后，更将“移民满洲”作为基本国策之一。日本移民东北对中国东北政治、经济乃至整个东北社会均产生深远影响，对此学界论述颇多。本文旨在对伪满时期日本“满洲移民”政策及于中国东北移民活动的影响加以探讨。     

Welfare State Developments in the Russian Federation: Oil-led Social Policy and 'The Russian Miracle'

This article investigates the main welfare state developments of the Russian Federation that have occurred since the fall of communism. It argues that the contemporary welfare expansion strictly depends on high oil and gas prices, and that this oil-led social policy makes the future of the 'Russian miracle' highly volatile. The main conclusion is that the Russian welfare state will be able to function properly and to ensure social integration and solidarity only under conditions of sustained oil-led growth. The article also identifies a variety of different, but equally important, endogenous, as well as exogenous, factors that have influenced the social policy developments in the Russian Federation since 1989. These correspond to the existence of few veto points present in the political arena, the lack of a well-structured system of interest representation, the presence of informality in the welfare state organization, but also to the presence of national economic vulnerabilities and/or strengths in the now open global economy, as well as to non-contingent decisions taken in strategic sectors of the state, such as those related to the energy or defence sectors.     

Policy integration: mapping the different concepts

A growing number of studies have examined the collaboration of actors from two or more policy domains in order to integrate aims and concerns derived from one policy domain into another. In our literature review, we refer to this empirical phenomenon as ‘policy integration’, exemplified by the Health in All Policies approach. Despite the wealth of literature on the subject, the scientific community only has access to a portion of the insights that have come out of this field of research, due primarily to the fact that policy integration is discussed using a variety of different terms, which tend to be specific to the policy domain under investigation. To facilitate a more inclusive scientific debate on policy integration, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different terminologies associated with policy integration and analyse the recurring themes in the respective literature strands. What is the motivation for policy-makers to promote policy integration? What is the design of the instruments used for policy integration? How does policy integration affect the policy-making process? And how well does policy integration perform? These are the four questions guiding our study.     

地方治理与农民工保护

本文从地方治理的角度分析了国家的农民工保护政策在珠江三角洲地区未能得到有效执行的原因。并揭示了国家的农民工保护政策主要是通过地方政府来执行的,但是如今地方政府的权力和合法性基础已经受到了削弱,限制了地方政府在监管劳动力市场、为农民工提供社会保障和公共服务方面的能力。本文还提出了如何将农民工进一步纳入地方治理结构,充分组合各种社会组织和市场力量来保护农民工权益的政策建议。     

农民工为何频繁变换工作——户籍制度下农民工的工作流动研究

中国劳动力市场可按三种形态分割：再分配机制下体制内外的分割、市场机制下人力资本高低的分割和户籍制度下城乡身份的分割。城乡身份分割是影响农民工频繁变换工作的关键因素。本研究利用事件史模型,比较农民工与城市工人的工作流动,对不同时期农民工的工作流动进行分析。研究发现：尽管存在人力资本和所处部门对其工作流动的影响,但户籍歧视仍作为一个独立因素影响农民工的工作稳定性,但这种影响随社会发展正在降低。     

方言能力与流动儿童的学业表现——来自中国教育追踪调查的证据

本文以就读于八年级的流动儿童作为研究对象，考察了方言能力对其学业表现的影响及作用机制。通过对中国教育追踪调查2014—2015学年数据的分析，本研究发现，掌握流入地方言可以显著改善流动儿童的学业表现，但其影响主要体现在语文和英语两个科目上。同时，来自教师和同学的支持是方言能力影响流动儿童学业表现的作用机制。本研究从语言环境的角度揭示了流动儿童人力资本积累的逻辑，为相关部门完善与流动儿童相关的教育政策提供了经验证据。     

Economic Policy and Social Policy: Policy-linkages in an Era of Globalisation

This article argues that changes in the role of the state in economic affairs will affect the process of social policy. Growing economic integration caused by globalisation now places a greater constraint upon the discretion of the nation state, bringing about a transformation into a more competitive state. States are increasingly having to compete against each other in order to promote competitiveness and attract foreign direct investment (FDI) from international capital markets. This competition influences in turn the social policy formation requiring the redesigning of social policy. Thus, welfare states may need to reform their social policy towards a "business-friendly social policy". The analysis of social policy inputs and outputs presented here suggests that there are common trends in most welfare states towards: a market-conforming policy on business taxation, a reduction of the share of employer's contributions in social protection revenues, more limited income security programmes, an increased allocation of resources for active labour market programmes and less state intervention in the labour market. All these reforming trends in social policy can be understood as a response of welfare states to the evolving needs of business caused by structural change, notably globalisation.     

进城农民工子女污名化问题的社工介入

进城农民工子女陷入“被污名化”的困境,是当前这一特殊群体面临的一个突出问题。将社会工作以人为本、全面发展的理念及其个案工作方法、小组工作方法、社区工作方法引入进城农民工子女的污名化研究,有助于激发他们内在的潜能,促使其自觉地接受和适应这个社会并最终被这个社会接纳的理念,有助于进城农民工子女形成健康良好的心理和人格修养,更好地融入社会。     

Indications of Social Policy Convergence in Europe

This paper explores the extent to which, and the ways in which, it might be justified in talking of a movement towards convergence of social policy within Europe. It reviews definitions and typologies of the welfare state as a prelude to discussion of the different theoretical types and possibilities of social policy integration, which itself leads into consideration of supranational EU developments. The empirical data presented in respect of “social protection” expenditures (and taxation regimes) in general and of “active” and “passive” labour market expenditures in particular, lend support to the notion not merely that the welfare state is not yet over in Europe, but that forms of social policy convergence are in evidence already.     

Business Mobilization and Public Policy in the U.S. States*

Objective. The goal of this study is to examine how the political mobilization of business interests influences aggregate public policy outputs in the states. We examine the relationship between business mobilization and general state policy liberalism, as well as policy that we term state “business policy climate.” Methods. We construct a measure of the “business policy climate” from a number of tax and regulatory indicators in the states and examine whether business influences it and policy liberalism using ordinary least squares regression. Results. The analysis shows that business mobilization does not influence general policy liberalism but is a significant influence on a state's business policy climate. Specifically, the dominance of a state's campaign finance system by business interests makes policy more favorable toward business. Conclusions. The extent of business mobilization in a state is an important influence on public policy outputs but is constrained by the activities of other political actors such as unions.     

流动儿童教育与我国的教育体制改革

随着大量农村人口进入城市,流动儿童的规模不断扩大。流动儿童教育目前存在的问题暴露了我国教育制度、政策及观念等方面的僵化,反映了城乡分隔管理体制的弊端,对实现九年义务教育的目标提出了新挑战。