基于工作嵌入核心员工组织绩效--自愿离职研究模型的拓展与检验

本文根据组织网络嵌入性理论,借鉴Allen(2001)的雇员工作绩效—自愿离职二路径中介链模型,引入工作嵌入概念拓展为一个基于现代组织社会资本嵌入视角的核心员工组织绩效—自愿离职五路径中介链模型,并在一类知识密集型行业组织——卫生保健单位的样本中获得显著性验证结果:(1)员工组织绩效与自愿离职的关系是一个具有两重性(保持性和流失性)多路径和多激励环节的关系系统;(2)在这类关系效应系统中,工作嵌入的中介地位极为突出,对核心员工自愿离职具有占优制约性;(3)对模型调节变量交互效应假设检验的显著性发现,与个人社会网络相关联的工作外报酬和家庭责任可以是重要的制约员工离职的保持性因素;(4)引入工作嵌入有利于识别和拓展人才保持的关键管理领域,培育基于组织智力资本的核心竞争力。     

基于工作嵌入视角的组织伦理气候与员工离职行为关系研究

以组织依附理论和映像理论为基础,通过对344名企业员工进行问卷调查,探讨员工工作嵌入与自我效能感在组织伦理气候与员工离职行为关系中分别起到的中介和调节作用。研究表明,规则型伦理气候对员工离职有显著的负向影响,并且工作嵌入在其间起到了部分中介作用;关怀型伦理气候对员工工作嵌入有显著的正向影响;自利型伦理气候对员工工作嵌入有显著的负向影响;自我效能感在工作嵌入与离职行为之间的关系中存在显著的调节效应,员工的自我效能感越高,工作嵌入对离职行为的负向影响越弱。     

社区嵌入视角下新移民知识型员工离职动机研究

高速城镇化背景下新移民知识型员工的高频流动性困扰着众多企业。运用社区嵌入理论,在新移民知识型员工流动管理中,通过问卷调查,深刻考察了不同的社区嵌入维度对新移民知识型员工离职动机的影响作用机制。研究结果表明,社区联结、社区匹配和社区牺牲对新移民知识型员工的离职动机产生显著的负向影响,即高的社区联结、社区匹配和社区牺牲嵌入程度均有助于减弱新移民知识型员工的离职动机,有助于企业留住优秀的知识员工。同时,社区牺牲对离职动机的解释力度要略高于社区联结与社区匹配。     

组织公平与员工主动离职行为:工作嵌入与公平敏感性的作用

本文旨在研究组织公平对员工离职行为的影响,并以个体-组织依附理论和动机归类理论为基础,研究员工工作嵌入和公平敏感性在以上关系中所起的中介和调节作用。研究以六家服务企业中的351名员工为研究对象,对问卷调查获得的数据进行层次回归,结果表明:分配公平和程序公平对员工工作嵌入有显著的正向影响;工作嵌入能有效的预测员工离职行为;分配公平对员工离职具有显著的负向影响,并且工作嵌入在其间起到了完全中介效应;公平敏感性在程序公平与嵌入的关系中存在显著的调节效应,利他倾向越高(大公无私型)的员工,程序公平对其嵌入程度的影响作用就越强烈。     

阻止精英人才离职的工作嵌入视角分析——以职业经理人为例

职业经理人(以下简称"经理人")是精英人才的一个重要类别,是现代企业制度的产物。目前,我国企业管理人才严重匮乏,已经成为制约我国相当多企业成长的瓶颈。经理人不但难以进入企业,而且流失严重。离职无论对于组织还是个人来说都意味着高昂的成本。能够拥有并留住高素质的经理人是企业成长与发展的关键。近年来,学者们研究了工作嵌入对组织核心员工、科技型员工和知识员工离职的影响,但缺乏从工作嵌入视角对经理人离职影响的分析。因此,本     

工作嵌入前因变量研究述评

工作嵌入能够有效地解释和预测员工主动离职行为,近年来成为离职领域的热点问题。本文通过文献梳理,发现了现有研究对其结果变量探讨比较充分,然而对其前因变量则探讨不足。综述发现,现有研究主要从个体、组织和环境三个角度探讨工作嵌入的前因。本文在分析现有研究不足的基础上,提出了未来的研究方向。     

工作嵌入与员工自愿离职研究探析

工作嵌入理论是关于员工留职的新理论,由于该理论为员工自愿离职行为的研究提供了一个全新的视角和框架,引起了国内外学者越来越多的关注。本文在回顾、跟踪该理论提出以来的相关国内外文献的基础上,对工作嵌入理论的提出、内涵及相关的实证研究进行了梳理和分析,并为企业人力资源管理的实践提供启示。     

人格对员工离职影响的研究综述

员工离职管理一直是组织行为学中研究的热点问题,也是管理实践中非常重要的模块。本文介绍了员工离职模型中的Steers和Mowday模型和Price-Mueller模型,指出人格类型是影响员工离职的重要个体特征变量,并总结了国内外关于人格类型影响员工离职的实证研究,检验了人格特征、人格类型对员工离职产生的影响及其机制,并为今后该领域的研究方向提出几点建议。     

扎根理论视角下新生代员工冲动离职行为分析与治理

冲动离职已成为新生代员工的一种普遍行为,但学术界关于冲动离职的研究还比较少。借助扎根理论研究方法,对42位已离职的新生代员工进行访谈,对访谈内容进行三段式编码,整合出新生代员工冲动离职的行为特征、影响因素和决策模型。冲动离职属于有限理性行为,具有显著负面影响,因此需要领导者积极治理。在招聘阶段,要加强对新生代员工的特性识别;在培训阶段,要增强其与企业的嵌入度;在征兆阶段,要及时干预以降低其离职倾向,避免人才流失,促进企业持续发展。     

工作嵌入对科技型员工离职创业活动的影响

目前,高科技企业与大学、科研机构员工离职创业的现象越来越普遍,这类企业家群体正在社会经济中发挥越来越重要的作用.本文围绕科技型员工离职创业活动的主题,根据创业过程前三个阶段的特点,从先前工作经历的"嵌入性"出发,对离职创业动机的形成、创业机会的识别和开发进行分析,进而揭示工作嵌入因素如何影响高科技人员离职创业决策的形成,并通过典型个案分析对上述结论做了进一步的验证,期望能为科技型员工提高创业成功率提供科学的理论依据.     

Exploring turnover intentions among three professional groups of employees

Abstract

Although considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding work attitudes, behaviours and outcomes regarding turnover intentions, little has been done to explore it across different professions. This study takes a step in this direction and examines the effect of affective commitment, job satisfaction and job performance on turnover intentions across three professions. To this end, we surveyed three professional groups of employees and managers: financial officers and social workers employed in the public sector and lawyers employed in the private sector. The results of these three studies show that turnover intentions vary across these professions. Social workers exhibit lower turnover intentions than financial officers and lawyers, who tend to exhibit high turnover intentions. In addition, we found that job satisfaction and affective commitment are negatively associated with turnover intentions, while no significant relationship was found to exist between job performance and turnover intentions. The implications of this study suggest that both researchers and practitioners should take into consideration not only the organizational context, but also the occupational context while exploring the process of voluntary turnover.     

Nurse safety: How is safety climate related to affect and attitude?

Occupational accidents and injuries continue to be a critical concern for nurses, given the hazardous healthcare environment. This study advances the research on workplace safety by studying the process variables (i.e. job-related negative affect (JRNA) and job satisfaction) in explaining the relationship between safety climate and various safety criteria in nurses. Based on survey data from 326 nurses, our findings suggest that psychological safety climate is negatively related to JRNA, turnover intentions, safety workarounds, and workplace hazards. In addition, structural equation modelling indicated general support for a model in which psychological safety climate influences employee strain through job attitudes, including JRNA and job satisfaction. More specifically, job attitudes were found to mediate the relationship between psychological safety climate and turnover intentions, experience of hazards, and injuries. Safety workarounds did not significantly relate to injuries. The present study contributes to the ongoing improvement of interventions aimed at mitigating nurses’ injuries by integrating job attitudes into the safety climate–safety outcome framework.     

Public sector managers: the decision to leave or remain in a job

The public sector faces a grave problem as far as managerial retention as the result of the increasing number of retirements and of voluntary resignations. Despite the vital interest in managerial turnover in the public sector, research is scarce. This study, which increases our understanding of why public sector managers leave their positions, takes a qualitative and narrative research approach in examining voluntary turnover. Interviews were conducted with operations managers (in education, social care, and technical activities) at three Swedish municipalities. We identify a multitude of environment push and pull factors with a focus on administrative support, supervisory support and illegitimate tasks. The narratives of managerial turnover reveal the complexity of the decision to leave or remain in a job, containing a mixture of push and pull factors, negative feelings, unmet expectations and extraordinary events. Three possible HRD actions to decrease undesirable managerial turnover are identified: re-work organizational structures; re-model job characteristics; and re-examine managerial turnover decisions as a long and complex process. Our hope is that the findings are used for ultimately create healthy organizations.     

Merit‐based Rewards,Job Satisfaction and Voluntary Turnover: Moderating Effects of Employee Demographic Characteristics

This paper draws on the reflection theory of compensation (Thierry, H. (1998). ‘Compensating work’. in P. J. D. Drenth, H. Thierry and C. J. de Wolff (eds), Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2nd edn, pp. 291–315, Psychology Press: Hove; Thierry, H. F. (2001). ‘Job evaluation systems and pay grade structures: do they match’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, pp. 1313–1324) to examine the influence of individual merit‐based rewards on voluntary turnover via job satisfaction. It also tests the moderating effects of employees’ gender, age and education level between merit‐based rewards and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 636 employees in Japan at three points in time over a 12‐month period. The findings show that merit‐based rewards have a direct, positive effect on job satisfaction and an indirect effect on voluntary turnover. The effect of merit‐based rewards on job satisfaction was moderated by gender and education, providing evidence that merit‐based rewards are more important for male and highly educated employees. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

The Job Demands-Resources Model in emergency service volunteers: Examining the mediating roles of exhaustion,work engagement and organizational connectedness

Using a sample of 887 volunteer emergency service workers in South Australia, we conducted a study based on the JD-R framework to examine the roles of three mediators in the relationship between job characteristics and volunteer well-being. These were (i) exhaustion as a mediator in the relationships between job demands and both poor mental health and turnover intentions; and (ii) work engagement and organizational connectedness as mediators in the relationships of job resources (training and organizational support) with happiness and turnover intentions. Organizational connectedness, a relatively new construct, is a positive state of well-being that involves an emotional connection with other workers, with service recipients and with aspects of the task and the organization's values. Results indicated that all three mediators were important in explaining volunteer well-being. Specifically, job demands were positively related to exhaustion, which, in turn, was linked to ill-health and turnover intentions. Job resources were positively related to work engagement and organizational connectedness, which were, in turn, negatively related to turnover intentions. However, while organizational connectedness mediated the relationship between job resources and happiness, this was not the case for work engagement. The roles of these variables in future research in paid and voluntary work are discussed.     

Transformational leadership and optimal functioning at work: On the mediating role of employees' perceived job characteristics and motivation

This study aimed to deepen our understanding of the motivational mechanisms involved in the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and employee functioning. Drawing on the TFL literature, the job demands–resources model and self-determination theory, we propose an integrative model that relates TFL to employee psychological health (burnout and psychological distress), attitudes (occupational commitment and turnover intention) and performance (professional efficacy, self-reported individual and objective organizational performance) through two explanatory mechanisms: perceived job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee motivation (autonomous and controlled). This research was conducted in two occupational settings (nurses and school principals), using a distinct variable operationalization for each. Results of both studies provide support for the hypothesized model, suggesting that TFL relates to optimal job functioning (psychological health, job attitudes and performance) by contributing to favourable perceptions of job characteristics (more resources and less demands) and high-quality work motivation (more autonomous motivation and less controlled motivation) in employees. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications as well as directions for future research are presented.     

Employee referrals: A study of ‘close ties’ and career benefits in China

This study examines the relationship between employee referrals and employees’ job tenure through the lens of social capital theory. It does so by considering the tie strength (closeness of guanxi) between referrers and referred employees in the Chinese context. In particular, we examine the mediating effect of career benefits. We theorize that close guanxi has a significant and positive impact on the job tenure of referred employees, and that career benefits (such as having a managerial role) mediate the close guanxi effect on job tenure. This highlights the critical need to recognize the tie strength as between referrers and referred employees. The support for our hypotheses comes from the use of personnel records of 4030 employees over 13 years in one large privately-owned manufacturer in China. Our study has theoretical and practical implications for the relational approach to tackling voluntary turnover in the workplace.     

The moderating role of personality characteristics on the relationship between job insecurity and strain

The experience of job insecurity has been linked to several different outcomes, such as negative attitudes towards work and the organization, turnover intention, as well as health complaints. However, since the strength of these effects have been found to vary across studies, it is vital to identify factors that could influence the relationships. The present study examines the moderating role of three personality characteristics (negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and external locus of control) on the relation between job insecurity and outcomes (mental health complaints, job dissatisfaction, and job-induced tension). Data from 400 nurses at a Swedish acute care hospital (response rate 71%; 91% women, aged 20-68 years) showed that both job insecurity and personality were related to strain. Also, the data indicated some buffering effect of personality. Despite the gender bias of the sample, the study provides additional support for the notion that job insecurity affects strain even after controlling for individual characteristics. The study also expands the literature on job insecurity by pointing out the influence of personality characteristics on the relationship between stressors and strain.     

Supervisory coaching and performance feedback as mediators of the relationships between leadership styles,work engagement,and turnover intention

Human resource development (HRD) is key to organizational success. With some HRD roles devolving to leaders in recent years, a gap in understanding is now evident in how leaders’ leadership styles shape development-oriented behaviours that may effectively assist them in fulfilling their HRD roles, and the corresponding effects that this has on employee work engagement and turnover intention. This study compared the effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employee attitudes (i.e. work engagement and turnover intention) through leaders’ behaviours (i.e. supervisory coaching and performance feedback). This study used a multilevel approach (i.e. matching leaders to multiple subordinates) with 500 employees, nested in 65 workgroups from private organizations in Malaysia. As hypothesized, we found a link between transformational (but not transactional) leadership and higher levels of supervisory coaching and performance feedback, and that these job resources mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Furthermore, we found that work engagement mediates the relationships of both supervisory coaching and performance feedback to turnover intention. Overall, the study results reveal one way in which Asian leaders can effectively facilitate some aspects of HRD through development-focused behaviours which serve as job resources to boost work engagement and reduce turnover intention.     

Self-Esteem Within the Work and Organizational Context: A Review of the Organization-Based Self-Esteem Literature

On numerous occasions it has been suggested that an individual’s self-esteem, formed around work and organizational experiences, plays a significant role in determining employee motivation, work-related attitudes and behaviors. We review more than a decade of research on an organization-based conceptualization of self-esteem. It is observed that sources of organization structure, signals about worth from the organization, as well as, success-building role conditions predict organization-based self-esteem. In addition, organization-based self-esteem is related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, citizenship behavior, in-role performance, and turnover intentions, as well as, other important organization-related attitudes and behaviors. Explanations for these effects and directions for future research are discussed.