A multivariate analysis of the financial characteristics of foreign and domestic banks in the UK

For the banking sector in the EU, the UK is one of the most important countries, since over a quarter of all banking assets in the EU are held in the UK and it is the largest single international banking centre, accounting for 20% of the world's cross-border lending. The UK banking sector has traditionally been one of the most open and it is characterized by a rapidly increasing foreign bank presence. Foreign banks account for 55% of the total assets of the UK banking sector. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the banking sector in the UK focusing on the performance of the domestic banks as opposed to the performance of the foreign banks operating in the UK. For this purpose, a multivariate analysis is performed to identify the existing differences between the financial characteristics of domestic and foreign banks, considering profitability, liquidity, risk and efficiency factors. The data sample covers 26 domestic and 32 foreign banks operating in the UK over the period 1998–2001.     

基于核心-边缘网络的中国银行风险传染

采用核心-边缘网络刻画我国银行间市场的网络结构,结合各银行同业往来资产和负债信息构建风险传染模型,对单个银行倒闭以及资产价格泡沫破灭两种情况下的传染过程进行模拟.研究发现,近年来我国银行系统的抗风险能力不断增强,但在所有银行中中国银行的风险传染程度最严重,应该加强对系统重要性银行的重视.同时,防范银行危机的关键在于控制资产价格泡沫,在合理的资产价格水平下,外界冲击难以对银行系统的安全性构成威胁.     

Operations research and bank planning

Starting with its use by the military in World War II, the Systems approach to problems solving and planning found its way into the business field. In the U.S.A. this was partly due to the filter-down effect into many firms entering into long term contracts with the Department of Defense. In examining the use of Systems Analysis in corporate planning, there appeared to be a prominent gap in its general use in the financial services industry of which commercial banks are the most important segment. Theoretically, banks are ideal economic units to use mathematically oriented Operations Research. Therefore, an in-depth study of such an existing planning system as used in a major U.S. commercial bank was undertaken. Such a case study, it was hoped, would yield important information as to how to introduce such a planning system into a bank, the types of programs in which it appeared to have strengths and weaknesses, and its applicability to planning processes in commercial banking generally. Consequently, a series of interviews with the director of this planning activity, his staff, and other officers of the bank were conducted. In order to obtain the data used in this study, a pledge to maintain anonimity of the bank was required. So, in the balance of this presentation, it shall be known as ‘The Bank’.     

基于信号博弈的中外资银行信贷竞争行为分析

在银行业全面开放及贷款利率市场化条件下,异,对中外资银行信贷舍约竞争行为的影响。结果表明：本文利用信号博弈模型,讨论了信息差异及经营成本差1）中资银行的竞争优势是老借款人。2）外资银行提供分离合约时,在中资银行的新借款人市场上将出现“柠檬效应”;外资银行提供混同合约时,中资银行将失去所有新借款人。     

中资银行国际化的资源驱动机制:一个跨案例比较研究

针对近些年中资银行日益活跃的FDI现象以及现有研究的不足,采用理论分析和跨案例比较相结合的研究方法,解释了中资银行国际化的驱动机制。研究发现:关系资源、国际市场声誉以及管理认知等是驱动中资银行国际化的关键资源。此外,通过对案例间差异的进一步分析。发现了驱动资源之间的互补关系,以及管理认知对驱动资源与国际化之间关系的影响:当管理者既有的认知与国际化目标不吻合时,驱动资源向国际市场的有效配置就会减少,进而降低其对国际化的驱动效应。研究结论对中资银行国际化具有现实指导意义,对今后研究其他转型经济国家或者其他行业的FDI现象也有所启示。     

外资银行的进入对我国信贷市场贷款价格的影响

本文从中资银行和外资银行分别具有信息优势和融资成本优势的基本假设出发,建立了不对称信息下的银行信贷市场竞争模型,从贷款价格的角度来研究外资银行通过绿地投资和兼并收购两种方式进入对我国信贷市场的影响,且在并购方式中将并购对象按规模分为了本地大银行和小银行。结果表明,外资银行通过兼并收购本地大银行方式进入对贷款价格的降低效果不大,而通过兼并收购小银行方式进入能够全面降低本地银行的贷款价格,在处于竞争劣势地位的本地大银行的老客户市场通过绿地投资模式进入可以大幅度的降低贷款价格。     

商业银行信息披露监控机制的构建研究

商业银行充分有效的信息披露是进一步完善市场经济机制、强化对银行的市场约束,提高金融透明度的必然要求,也是国际银行监管发展的趋势。运用博弈论与信息经济学的原理,研究商业银行信息披露监控中的一阶段博弈和多阶段的重复博弈问题。根据博弈结果,认为按既定的行为规则下设计信息披露监控机制,可以构成稳定的均衡,博弈的双方都有遵守机制的内在动力。     

Central Bank Independence in the Pacific Island Countries: A Case Study of Vanuatu

Central banks are an important element of governance in most countries, although surprisingly neglected in the public administration literature. The South Pacific island nations have established central banks for regulating their payment systems and financial and banking sectors. They are pursuing monetary policies towards the objectives of growth and price stability under fixed exchange rate regimes. Although these bank authorities have been given enough powers to assert themselves under the relevant statutes, institutional experiences indicate that some of these powers are eroded over time by political interference, as well as by acts of omission and commission by officials both in the central banks and in governments. This is illustrated by particular reference to the case of Vanuatu, a young South Pacific republic.     

国有商业银行与股份制商业银行顾客忠诚意向驱动因素比较研究

为对国有商业银行和股份制商业顾客忠诚意向驱动因素进行对比研究,本文将银行类型作为调节变量引入模型。Logit Moderated回归模型结果显示,国有商业银行和股份制商业银行顾客忠诚意向的差异,主要来源于顾客对两者价值资产和关系资产的感知显著不同,而顾客感知两者品牌资产的差异在统计上不显著。在其它变量水平相同的情况下,国有商业银行比股份制商业银行为顾客提供的价值高,但股份制商业银行比国有商业银行与顾客的关系更紧密。该结论从统计上论证了国有商业银行和股份制商业银行各自维持顾客忠诚的特点,同时也为银行未来优化营销经费配置提供了理论依据。     

An empirical study of transformational leadership,team performance and service quality in retail banks

The discipline of operations management (OM) has long been offering differing quantitative techniques for improving the efficiency of banking operations. However, there has been a trend in recent years that operations and services of the banking industry are becoming more diverse and unstructured, rendering many traditional OM quantitative techniques less effective in performance improvement. By integrating the literature on banking operations, service quality, leadership style and work teams, we argue that leadership style and team performance are crucial concerns determining the service quality performance of today's banking operations in a team setting. Using data collected from 192 employees from 32 operational teams (a leader and five members in each team) in 15 retail banks in Macau, China, we investigated whether the five dimensions of transformational leadership have an impact on team performance with respect to team cohesion, team leader job satisfaction and team competence; and whether the dimensions of team performance have an impact on such service quality dimensions as reliability and responsiveness. We found that one of the dimensions of transformational leadership and two of the dimensions of team performance have a significant impact on service quality. We discuss the implications of the findings for research and practise.     

中国A股市场金融板块间风险相依关系及动态演化研究

将中国金融板块细分为国有大型银行、全国性股份制银行、城商行、证券、保险和信托等6个金融子板块，并以2015年中国股市异动和2019年新冠肺炎疫情为研究背景，分析在两个场景下的不同时期内，6个金融板块间的风险相依关系及其动态演化。通过计算各板块间波动指数的互信息，构建金融板块风险相依关系网络，并使用最大生成树刻画该相依关系的核心结构。研究发现，在市场处于相对平静时期，银行类金融板块与非银行类金融板块二者彼此之间的风险关联较弱，处于相对割裂状态；在市场走势波动较大时，银行类金融板块与非银行类金融板块之间的风险关联程度增强，且保险板块成为重要的中间节点；在两个场景下的异动期和疫情期，国有大型银行板块和城商行板块分别成为最大的风险节点。     

Digitalization in the financial industry: A contingency approach of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic vision on digitalization

Technology is rapidly changing the financial industry. Banks, in particular, are faced with a shift from traditional, interpersonal forms of service to digital financial services. These digital technologies are more and more becoming today’s standard in the banking sector, they challenge traditional business models, and they provide opportunities for banks to capitalize on. Building on the concept of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), this study of banks in Germany, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein aims at developing insights that explain how banks can use the tactics and strategies associated with EO to achieve superior performance in the digitalization age. The results from a survey in 102 banks show that: 1) banks that display high levels of EO report a higher level of performance, and 2) the relationship between a banks’ strategic vision on digitalization, and performance is moderated by EO. These results indicate that the sheer level of the digitalization of a bank does not affect profitability. Instead, in this time of technological change banks should develop a clear vision on digitalization that is characterized by innovation, being ahead of the competition, and a willingness to take risks.     

Slacks-based inefficiency approach for general networks with bad outputs: An application to the banking sector

In this paper the efficiency assessment of general networks of processes that produce both desirable and undesirable outputs is addressed. This problem arises in many contexts (e.g. transportation, energy generation, etc.). A general networks slacks-based inefficiency (GNSBI) measure can be computed using a simple linear program that takes into account the weak disposability of the bad outputs. The slacks-based inefficiency (SBI) of each process is also calculated. Target values for all inputs, outputs (both desirable and undesirable) and even intermediate products are also provided. The proposed approach is rather general and can accommodate many different network topologies and returns to scale assumptions. Two applications to the banking sector are presented: one to assess banks efficiencies and another to assess bank branches.     

基于专利地图理论的中国银行业商业方法专利研究

将专利地图和专利分析相结合,探讨了商业方法专利在中国银行业发展的背景,并对中国银行业商业方法专利进行了详尽的检索。然后,从专利管理图视角对中国银行业专利发展现状、内外资银行商业方法专利发展、商业方法专利申请人数变化以及商业方法专利在内外资银行间的分布状况进行了深入的研究。从专利技术图视角对中国银行业商业方法专利的发展领域、IPC分类以及商业方法专利的授权情况进行了深入的分析。最后,归纳出中国银行业商业方法专利的发展现状。     

The type and quantity of corporate social disclosures of German ‘Universal’ banks

Grounded in legitimacy theory and deductive in nature, this paper uses content analysis of annual report social disclosures of 169 German ‘universal’ banks belonging to three different categories (credit, saving, and cooperative) to report on the type and quantity of social disclosure by these banks, and to test seven hypotheses related to the nature of their social disclosures and their association with size, financial performance, corporate form, and other selected variables. The findings provide evidence of the importance of social disclosure for the German banking sector as a means to legitimize their business and relay to the society the extent of their fulfillment of social obligations. Greater importance is attributed to product and customers as well as human resource disclosures. In addition, a strong positive association is found between these disclosures and the size variables as well as the number of apprentices, whereas ROE and net profits as financial performance proxies provide evidence of a significant relationship. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the quantity of social disclosure varies with bank category, corporate form and listing status, but seems to be almost unrelated to bank age and overseas presence. These promising findings could be used to inform corporate social responsibility policies and practices of German banks; nevertheless, further longitudinal analysis to validate them over time is warranted.     

How do Greek banking institutions react after significant events?—A DEA approach

The efficiency of Greek commercial banks is considered through the period 1995–2003 using the data envelopment analysis technique. Two approaches are used to measure efficiency: one using financial ratios as outputs only and the other viewing banks as credit generation and transaction institutions. The empirical results are used to examine the reaction of banking institutions after significant events such as M&As, privatizations and the crisis of the Athens Stock Exchange in 1999. In most cases performance deteriorates for the next 1 to 2 years, while increases thereafter, forming specific patterns of efficiency. In the last part we introduce an index to measure the management's efficiency through a process of change. The results suggest that the Greek banking sector operated efficiently on average during the destabilization periods. The contribution of the article is that it comprises the first study which examines empirically the performance behavior of banking institutions within the scope of change management theory.     

存款保险制度、影子银行与银行系统性风险

为了防范系统性银行危机的发生,我国于2015年推出了存款保险制度,该制度能否有效降低我国银行系统性风险是关乎金融稳定的重要现实问题.以我国存款保险制度的实施为契机,本文基于16家上市银行2010年第四季度~2017年第二季度的面板数据,首先,将金融机构间的关联网络和金融机构市值纳入到系统性金融风险的测度中,进而探讨我国存款保险制度对银行系统性风险的影响及其作用渠道.结果表明存款保险制度的实施显著提高了其他商业银行(中、农、工、建以外的商业银行)的系统性风险;存款保险制度主要通过影子银行渠道增加其他商业银行的系统性风险.本文的研究对于我国强化影子银行的宏观审慎管理、引入基于银行系统性风险的差别存款保险费率设计和完善系统重要性金融机构的评定,具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Do performance and environmental conditions act as barriers for cross-border banking in Europe?

This paper attempts to analyse whether banking technology and environmental conditions act as barriers for the entry of foreign banks in each European banking industry. We evaluate how the efficiency score of a representative commercial bank of a given European country changes if it decides to move abroad. To carry out this analysis, we use a sample of 700 banks belonging to 11 European countries. Countries are paired and each couple is studied by using four DEA production frontiers. These frontiers allow us to measure the technological and environmental gaps between the two countries considered and, based on them, to predict the new efficiency score of the representative bank of a country that decides to operate in a different country. The results indicate, as expected, that being technologically advanced appears to be a significant deterrent to foreign competition, and that adverse environmental conditions constitute a real barrier for cross-border banking activity. Additionally, the results suggest that host-nation banking performance is a good safeguard against cross-border competition.     

基于银行-资产双边网络模型的系统性风险及投资策略研究

受近几年的国际金融危机及金融全球化的影响,对金融系统的系统性风险的研究已成为国内外学者的关注热点。考虑到当前基于"银行-资产-银行"间接传播渠道的相关研究相对匮乏,本文基于银行-资产双边网络模型来分析银行系统性风险。首先,使用中国47家上市银行2018年的资产负债表数据构建了中国银行系统的双边网络模型,研究分析各类资产遭受冲击时外部冲击、降价出售效应及银行所持有的各类资产占银行总资产的比例对银行系统性风险的影响。然后,引入系统性冲击方式,通过设置具有不同属性的两大类资产并生成四种冲击事件来构建银行的投资策略模型,从资产视角探讨银行最优的投资策略。研究发现,外部冲击与降价出售效应这两个产生系统性风险的影响因素在一定区间值时会产生叠加效应,使银行系统性风险急剧增加;五种资产类中,贷款类资产对外部冲击最敏感;分析发现在各类资产冲击下都未倒闭的所有银行的资产组合具有一定的相似性;进一步研究发现银行系统中存在着最优的资产组合,使得银行在稳定的同时能获取最大收益,并且资产负债比越大的银行其风险承受能力越强,从而可以选择更激进的投资策略来追求高收益。     

中小商业银行公司治理机制与经营绩效关系的实证分析

理论和实证研究证明,良好的公司治理对金融体系稳健运行有十分重要的作用.商业银行公司治理的研究和实践既是银行业改革的迫切要求,也是银行业改革的核心内容之一.本文用36家商业银行2005年的截面数据,对股权结构、董事会、监事会和高管人员薪酬激励等四个治理机制与银行绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究.结果表明,国有与非国有控股商业银行绩效不存在显著差异,第一大股东对银行绩效的影响并不显著,但外部大股东能显著地提高银行绩效.董事会与监事会规模与银行绩效正相关,但独立性难以得到保证.此外,高管人员薪酬激励不能改善银行绩效.