C2C环境中顾客重复购买行为的实证与建模

通过分析C2C商家的交易记录,发现单个商家的顾客重复购买次数呈幂律分布,这与重复购买理论以往得到的购买次数为负二项分布的结论不同.基于C2C交易的实际情况,建立了具有购买强化效应的购买概率模型,模型很好的解释了顾客重复购买率呈幂律分布的现象.实证和模型表明,C2C环境中,顾客购买次数的分布具有很长的尾部,大量顾客有低的购买次数,而少数顾客有很高的重复购买次数;模型还揭示了巨大的潜在顾客数量和顾客多次购买的强化效应是造成重复购买分布呈幂律形式的重要原因.     

C2C 环境中顾客重复购买行为的实证与建模

通过分析C2C 商家的交易记录, 发现单个商家的顾客重复购买次数呈幂律分布, 这与重复购买理论以往得到的购买次数为负二项分布的结论不同. 基于C2C 交易的实际情况, 建立了具有购买强化效应的购买概率模型, 模型很好的解释了顾客重复购买率呈幂律分布的现象.实证和模型表明, C2C 环境中, 顾客购买次数的分布具有很长的尾部, 大量顾客有低的购买次数, 而少数顾客有很高的重复购买次数;模型还揭示了巨大的潜在顾客数量和顾客多次购买的强化效应是造成重复购买分布呈幂律形式的重要原因.     

Government policies towards innovation: A review of empirical findings

Since the Second World War, governments in Western mixed economies have become increasingly involved in promoting technical innovation in industry. The analytical basis for this involvement is deficient, as is empirical information and analysis on its effects. But it is probable that, from an economic viewpoint, governments have been mistaken in supplementing normal industrial activity by financing large-scale development projects in technically sophisticated industry. They should instead be financing longer-term basic and applied research, as well as increasing technical awareness in more traditional industries. More needs to be known about the factors affecting innovative decisions in industrial firms, including the effects of industry-specific characteristics and of government policies.     

货币政策中性与非对称性的实证研究

我国的货币作用机制与西方市场经济国家的情形具有较大的差别 ,不论是预期的货币供给冲击 ,还是非预期的货币供给冲击 ,对产出的影响均非中性 ,说明货币供给在推动我国经济的运行中仍起着关键性的作用 .更进一步分析发现 ,货币供给 M1的冲击对产出的影响具有对称性 ,而货币供给 M2的冲击对产出的影响具有非对称性 ,且这种非对称性与西方国家的情形刚好相反 ,正的货币冲击对经济增长具有明显的促进作用 ,而负的货币冲击虽对经济增长有一定的抑制作用 ,但与正的货币冲击相比 ,其强度在统计意义上要弱很多 .     

投资行为对房地产价格及其政策的影响

在给定的经济环境下,研究自住购房者、投资购房者和开发商之间的供需均衡模型． 通过与刚性需求的房地产市场比较,发现投资购房者的行为是影响房地产价格变化的重要因素． 特别地,外推型投资者对房地产价格的走势有推波助澜的作用; 回复型投资者虽然具有稳定市场的作用,但也会增加市场的复杂性． 当房地产市场的不同主体之间存在相互作用时,房地产价格会出现偏离基准价格、路径依赖、巨额波动和陷入低房价陷阱等现象． 政府通过调整基础经济变量(如首付比和开发成本) ,能起到调控房地产市场的目的． 相对首付比调节来说,开发成本调节既能调整基准价格,又能改变投资购房者对房地产市场的影响,可以起到综合调控房地产市场的作用,是比较有效的房地产调控措施．     

A review of empirical research on dynamic competitive strategy

Beginning with Chandler's 1962 seminal work, researchers have emphasized that competitive strategy is not a static phenomenon, but rather a sequence of interconnected actions and reactions unfolding over time. This paper reviews the empirical research on dynamic competitive strategy published between 1986 and 2005 in nine leading strategic management journals. An integrated framework is used to showcase the research in terms of antecedents, strategic actions and outcomes. The literature review demonstrates that significant progress has been made in the field of dynamic competitive strategy, and yet that there are still many promising lines of inquiry for future theoretical and empirical research, particularly in the areas of strategic action timing and path dependency.     

企业经理风险决策行为的实证研究

本文报告的两项研究系统深入地探讨了中国企业经理的风险决策行为。在研究一中,214名企业经理填答了效用测量表;在研究二中,82名企业经理填答风险决策情景模拟表。结果发现,个人特征(如性别、职位、所在企业的性质与规模等)、决策任务特征(如结果值的符号与大小)以及决策环境特征(如企业文化、企业经营状况、上司的风险态度等)均是影响企业经理风险决策行为的关键变量。本文为建立风险决策行为的理论或模型提供了基本的参考资料。     

Innovative behavior of firms in a developing country: An empirical study

It is a widely held notion that innovation is of critical importance for developing countries to achieve industrial progress and economic prosperity. Although this issue has often been tapped in macro-economic studies micro-level examinations have been rather limited. This study explores the influence of the various contextual variables on a firm's innovative behavior. The data are based on 61 medium-to-large firms in Turkey.     

协同持续下资产组合最优决策理论与实证研究

马柯维茨(Markwitz)的现代证券组合理论被视为现代金融理论的基石,成为组合投资分散化的理论依据.但在分析的过程中,静态或动态的投资组合选择理论未能充分重视一个关键的问题,即金融资产时间序列的时变性、聚集性与持续性.因此,基于多期滞后随机波动(SV)模型,尝试性地构建金融时间序列协同持续条件下的最优资产组合模型及其参数估计模型.继而基于理论分析,对"1/n"投资策略组合、均值方差组合与协同持续条件下的资产组合的有效性进行比较研究,得到了协同持续条件资产组合的有效性与优越性.这对于资产组合最优决策理论的发展与应用具有重要意义.     

Fit in strategic information technology management research: an empirical comparison of perspectives

The impacts of information technology on business performance has been a focus of research in recent years. In this regard, contingency models based on the notion of “fit” between the organization's management of IT, its environment, strategy, and structure seem to show promise. Six perspectives are examined as they pertain to the relationships between the firm's environmental uncertainty, its strategic orientation, its structure, its strategic management of IT, and its performance, namely moderation, mediation and matching as bivariate approaches to fit, and covariation, profile deviation and gestalts as systems approaches. These relationships are analyzed by means of an empirical study of 110 small enterprises. Results obtained from applying and comparing the six perspectives illustrate their significant differences and confirm the need for conceptual and methodological rigor when applying contingency theory in strategic information technology management research.     

Institutionalized norms of conducting research and social realities: A research synthesis of empirical works from 1983 to 2002

Based on a systematic review of the last 20 years of empirical research grounded in institutional theory, we identify some of the main norms of conducting research in this literature. The level of institutions, the formal/informal institutional pillars and the direction of effects are the foundation of these norms addressed by researchers in the last two decades. This review indicates that empirical research is well behind changes in social realities. This may be related to both the institutionalization process that takes place in any academic research and to the suggested difficulty that scholars find in moving away from widely accepted research models and practices, given the context within which they evolve. It is also concluded that local/national regulative institutions are giving up their position to more global normative and cognitive organizational field institutions. As the business environment become more global, giving more importance to transnational and informal institutions will be more crucial in institutional analysis of organizations.     

Practitioner research for the professionalization of human resources practice: empirical data from the Netherlands

Despite the growing interest in and literature regarding practitioner research in human resources (HR), not much is known about the factors that play a role in the actual practice by HR practitioners. This article describes an explorative study to gain empirical insight into the use and quality of practitioner research in HR practice. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 Dutch HR practitioners from diverse backgrounds, posing questions about (1) their definitions of practitioner research, (2) the characteristics of the research they perform, (3) the quality and usability of the research projects in which they have taken part, and (4) the forces that drive or hinder practitioner research. We constructed theory-based coding schemes to analyse the data. To assess the quality and usability of the research performed by participants, we constructed a quality framework. Our findings show that all participants were more or less involved in HR-related practitioner research, but the quality and usability of that research could be improved. We report several causes and influencing factors. Our findings complement previous research on evidence-based HR and other practitioner research approaches and provide new insights. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for further research and practice.     

Determinants of RFID adoption intention by SMEs: an empirical investigation

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been considered as one of the 10 technologies that will transform firm across industries. However, the adoption and use of the technology has been slower than predicted, mainly because of technological, organisation and environment factors related to RFID. This study develops a conceptual model that explores the role that technological, organisational, environmental and managerial characteristics of small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) play in their intention to adopt RFID technology. To test the model, a web-based survey was administered to 453 SME managers from the USA, the UK, Australia and India. Logistic hierarchical regression is used to test the proposed model. Implications for RFID technology research, theory and practice are discussed.     

The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research

The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model (Karasek, 1979) and the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model (Johnson, and Hall, 1988) have dominated research on occupational stress in the last 20 years. This detailed narrative review focuses on the JDC(S) model in relation to psychological well-being. It covers research from 63 samples, published in the period 1979-1997. In the review a distinction is drawn between two different hypotheses prevailing in research on the models. According to the strain hypothesis of the JDC model, employees working in a high-strain job (high demands-low control) experience the lowest well-being. The buffer hypothesis states that control can moderate the negative effects of high demands on well-being. Translating these hypotheses to the expanded JDCS model, the iso-strain hypothesis predicts the most negative outcomes among workers in an iso-strain job (high demands-low control-low social support/isolation), whereas the buffer hypothesis states that social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being. Although the literature gives considerable support for the strain and iso-strain hypotheses, support for the moderating influence of job control and social support is less consistent. The conceptualization of demands and control is a key factor in discriminating supportive from nonsupportive studies. Only aspects of job control that correspond to the specific demands of a given job moderate the impact of high demands on well-being. Furthermore, certain subpopulations appear to be more vulnerable to high (iso)strain, whereas others benefit more from high control. On the basis of the results of this review, suggestions for future research and theoretical development are formulated.     

The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: a review of 20 years of empirical research

The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model (Karasek, 1979) and the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model (Johnson, and Hall, 1988) have dominated research on occupational stress in the last 20 years. This detailed narrative review focuses on the JDC(S) model in relation to psychological well-being. It covers research from 63 samples, published in the period 1979-1997. In the review a distinction is drawn between two different hypotheses prevailing in research on the models. According to the strain hypothesis of the JDC model, employees working in a high-strain job (high demands-low control) experience the lowest well-being. The buffer hypothesis states that control can moderate the negative effects of high demands on well-being. Translating these hypotheses to the expanded JDCS model, the iso-strain hypothesis predicts the most negative outcomes among workers in an iso-strain job (high demands-low control-low social support/isolation), whereas the buffer hypothesis states that social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being. Although the literature gives considerable support for the strain and iso-strain hypotheses, support for the moderating influence of job control and social support is less consistent. The conceptualization of demands and control is a key factor in discriminating supportive from nonsupportive studies. Only aspects of job control that correspond to the specific demands of a given job moderate the impact of high demands on well-being. Furthermore, certain subpopulations appear to be more vulnerable to high (iso)strain, whereas others benefit more from high control. On the basis of the results of this review, suggestions for future research and theoretical development are formulated.     

There is more to contracts than incompleteness: a review and assessment of empirical research on inter-firm contract design

This paper aims at achieving a greater understanding of how contracts operate in practice through a review of recent empirical literature on inter-firm contract design. Our focus on the structure of contractual agreements differentiates this review from others that dedicated ample coverage also to the antecedents of the decision to contract and of the choice of contracting versus integration. Our framework develops Stinchcombe’s (Organization Theory and Project Management, 1985) hypothesis that contracts are an organizational phenomenon. This allows us to uncover considerable but unevenly distributed evidence on a number of organizational processes formalized in relational contracts, which partially overlap with the processes that are observed in integrated organizations. It also enables us to describe contracts in terms of a larger number of dimensions than is commonly appreciated. The paper summarizes the evidence by proposing a general and tentative framework to guide the design of relational contracts, discusses a number of lingering issues, and outlines directions for further research on contracts as an organizational phenomenon.

Retail category management: State-of-the-art review of quantitative research and software applications in assortment and shelf space management

Retail requires efficient decision support to manage increasing product proliferation and various consumer choice effects with limited shelf space. Our goal is to identify, describe and compare decision support systems for category planning. This research analyzes quantitative models and software applications in assortment and shelf space management and contributes to a more integrated modeling approach. There are difficulties commonly involved in the use of commercial software and the implementation and transfer of scientific models. Scientific decision models either focus on space-dependent demand or substitution effects, whereas software applications use simplistic rules of thumb. We show that retail assortment planning models neglect space-elastic demand and largely also ignore constraints of limited shelf space. Shelf space management streams on the other hand, mostly omit substitution effects between products when products are delisted orout-of-stock, which is the focus of consumer choice models in assortment planning. Also, the problem sizes of the models are often not relevant for realistic category sizes. Addressing these issues, this paper provides a state-of-the-art overview and research framework for integrated assortment and shelf space planning.